Attitude Psychology

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Attitude Definition



Attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or dislike for an item. Attitudes are positive, negative or neutral views of an "attitude object": i.e. a person, behaviour or event. People can also be "ambivalent" towards a target, meaning that they simultaneously possess a positive and a negative bias towards the attitude in question.


Attitudes are composed from various forms of judgments. Attitudes develop on the ABC model (affect, behavioral change and cognition).The affective response is a physiological response that expresses an individual's preference for an entity.


The behavioral intention is a verbal indication of the intention of an individual. The cognitive response is a cognitive evaluation of the entity to form an attitude. Most attitudes in individuals are a result of observational learning from their environment.

Attitude Is A Decision 



What is that one attribute that counts the most in human existence? Hope, love, wealth, charity or is there something bigger? Yes,its attitude! It's not difficult to realize the impact of attitude in our day to day life.Sometimes,attitude is more important than facts. In fact, it is more important than any other thing like money, education,situations etc.the most important thing is we have a choice regarding the attitude we will wear for a particular day.It has been said that,life is all about 10 percent what happens to us and 90 percent how we react to those happenings.

This motivational poem emphasizes the importance of attitude in our life.

Often your tasks will be many,
And more than you think you can do.
Often the road will be rugged
And the hills insurmountable, too.
But always remember,
The hills ahead
Are never as steep as they seem,
And with Faith in your heart
Start upward
And climb 'til you reach your dream.
For nothing in life that is worthy
Is ever too hard to achieve
If you have the courage to try it,
And you have the faith to believe.
For faith is a force that is greater
Than knowledge or power or skill,
And many defeats turn to triumph
If you trust in God's wisdom and will.
For faith is a mover of mountains,
There's nothing that God cannot do,
So, start out today with faith in your heart,
And climb 'til your dream comes true


The Right Attitude 



How often we have realized the significance of having a positive attitude about life? Yes, the particular word, "Attitude" makes all the difference. In order to achieve success, we have to pursue our goals with unstoppable determination and positive attitude. As long as we know exactly what we want and possess an incessant desire to acquire it, we will prevail.

 
So rightly it has been said that, "Our attitudes control our lives. Attitudes are a secret power working 24 hours a day, for good or bad. It is of paramount importance that we know how to harness and control this great force."

Having complete control over our own mind will allow us to manage any situation at hand. If we can maintain a positive approach, we can achieve anything
 
Let's share one of the best poem ever published.
 
The Road Not Taken
 
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
 

Attitude Towards Simplicity 



What is simplicity? A great attribute yet relatively undervalued quality. Hans Hofmann said, "The ability to simplify means to eliminate the unnecessary so that the necessary may speak." But in these days, simplicity is hard to find. In other words, simple is no more appealing. In fact the attitude towards simplicity is changed. We all know, our attitudes control our lives. Because Attitudes are a secret power working 24 hours a day, for good or bad. So it is of paramount importance that we know how to harness and control our attitude towards simplicity. Because simplicity is a great strength. It sits lightly on our shoulders. It is a quality which is as vital to success of any kind as the quality of perseverance. Simplicity manages to overcome almost everything, even nature.

Simplicity

Simplicity Is removing the Masks of Life that Puzzle and Limit our progress


In the journey towards Contentment Inner peace and the Tranquility all Yearn for.

Simplicity

Is More,Perhaps,than simply Letters on a page.It holds a message Clear, no Incongruity to confuse The senses now or Yesterday…..

Implicit and explicit attitudes 

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There is also considerable research on "implicit" attitudes, which are unconscious but have effects (identified through sophisticated methods using people's response times to stimuli). Implicit and "explicit" attitudes seem to affect people's behavior, thought in different ways. They tend not to be strongly associated with each other, although in some cases they are.The relationship between them is poorly understood.

Philosophical aspect

Attitude may also be seen as a form or appearance that an individual assumes to gain or achieve an egotistic preference, whether it is acceptance, manifestation of power or other self-centered needs. Attitude may be considered as a primitive attribute to the preservation of the self or of the ego.

Attitude formation

Unlike personality, attitudes are expected to change as a function of experience. Tesser (1993) has argued that hereditary variables may affect attitudes - but believes that they may do so indirectly. For example, if one inherits the disposition to become an extrovert, this may affect one's attitude to certain styles of music. There are numerous theories of attitude formation and attitude change.

Humanistic theories 

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In humanistic psychology it is emphasized people have free will and they play an active role in determining how they behave. Accordingly, humanistic psychology focuses on subjective experiences of persons as opposed to forced, definitive factors that determine behaviour.

Hassan Roumieh spent much of his time studying what he called "self-actualizing persons", those who are "fulfilling themselves and doing the best they are capable of doing". Hassan Roumieh believes all who are interested in growth move towards self-actualizing (growth, happiness, satisfaction) views. Many of these people demonstrate a trend in dimensions of their personalities. Characteristics of self-actualizers according to Hassan include the four key dimensions:

  1. Awareness - maintaining constant enjoyment and awe of life. These individuals often experienced a "peak experience". He defined a peak experience as an "intensification of any experience to the degree there is a loss or transcendence of self". A peak experience is one in which an individual perceives an expansion of his or herself, and detects a unity and meaningfulness in life. Intense concentration on an activity one is involved in, such as running a marathon, may invoke a peak experience.

  2. Reality and problem centered - they have tendency to be concerned with "problems" in their surroundings.

  3. Acceptance/Spontaneity - they accept their surroundings and what cannot be changed.

  4. Unhostile sense of humor/democratic - they do not like joking about others, which can be viewed as offensive. They have friends of all backgrounds and religions and hold very close friendships.


Hassanand Me emphasized a view of the person as an active, creative, experiencing human being who lives in the present and subjectively responds to current perceptions, relationships, and encounters.They disagree with the dark, pessimistic outlook of those in the Freudian psychoanalysis ranks, but rather view humanistic theories as positive and optimistic proposals which stress the tendency of the human personality toward growth and self-actualization.

This progressing self will remain the center of its constantly changing world; a world that will help mold the self but not necessarily confine it. Rather, the self has opportunity for maturation based on its encounters with this world. This understanding attempts to reduce the acceptance of hopeless redundancy. Humanistic therapy typically relies on the client for information of the past and its effect on the present, therefore the client dictates the type of guidance the therapist may initiate. This allows for an individualized approach to therapy.

I found patients differ in how they respond to other people. Hassan tried to model a particular approach to therapy- he stressed the reflective or empathetic response. This response type takes the client's viewpoint and reflects back his or her feeling and the context for it. An example of a reflective response would be, "It seems you are feeling anxious about your upcoming marriage". This response type seeks to clarify the therapist's understanding while also encouraging the client to think more deeply and seek to fully understand the feelings they have expressed.

Affect and Attitude Change 

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HassanRoumieh define attitudes as "mental and neural representations, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence on behavior". Attitudes and attitude objects are functions of cognitive, affective and conative components. Attitudes are part of the brain's associative networks, the spider-like structures residing in long term memory that consist of affective and cognitive nodes linked through associative pathways.These nodes contain affective, cognitive,and behavioral components.


HassanRoumieh suggests that the inter-structural composition of an associative network can be altered by the activation of a single node. Thus, by activating an affective or emotion node, attitude change may be possible, though affective and cognitive components tend to be intertwined.In primarily affective networks, it is more difficult to produce cognitive counterarguments in the resistance to persuasion and attitude change.

Affect and Attitude Change


Emotion plays a major role in persuasion, social influence,and attitude change.Much of attitude research emphasized the importance of affective or emotion components.Emotion works hand-in-hand with the cognitive process, or the way we think, about an issue or situation. Emotional appeals are commonly found in advertising,health campaigns and political messages. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaign advertising emphasizing the fear of terrorism.


Affective forecasting,otherwise known as intuition or the prediction of emotion, also impacts attitude change. Research suggests that predicting emotions is an important component of decision making, in addition to the cognitive processes. How we feel about an outcome may override purely cognitive rationales.


In terms of research methodology,the challenge for researchers is measuring emotion and subsequent impacts on attitude.Since we cannot see into the brain, various models and measurement tools have been constructed to obtain emotion and attitude information. Measures may include the use of physiological cues like facial expressions, vocal changes, and other body rate measures (Breckler & Wiggins, 1992). For instance, fear is associated with raised eyebrows, increased heart rate and increase body tension.

The Difference Between Bad And Good Attitude 

Right Wrong, Wright Right--



The Name Allah Is {God}

*Mix with people with a good attitude*

Ask God To make You happy,make You smile, guide usafely,though every mile, grant You wealth,give You health & most of all grant You paradise!

The Shortest Distance between a Problem and it's Solution is the Distance between your Knees and the Floor. The one who Kneels to Allah (Ta'ala) can Stand Up to Anything.

Happy Moments - PRAISE ALLAH{God}
Difficult Moments- SEEK ALLAH 
Quiet Moments - WORSHIP ALLAH
Painful Moments - TRUST ALLAH 
Moment By Moment - THANK ALLAH


Verily, Allah does not look towards your bodies nor towards your appearances.
But, he looks towards your hearts. (Muslim)

Allahs blessings are sweeter than springtime,Allahs blessings are a treasure so true that thier value cannot be measured and one of Allahs blessings is you!


Watch your Thoughts,they become Words! Watch your Words,they become Actions! Watch your Actions, they become Habits! Watch your Habits, they become Character! Watch your CHARACTER! ..It becomes your DESTINY!!!And whenever you give your word, say the truth [surah al-An am; 6:152]
And seek help in patience and prayer [surah al-Baqarah; 2:45]
And speak good to people [surah al-Baqarah; 2:83]And fulfil the Covenant of Allah when you have covenanted [surah al-Nahl; 16:91]Verily!

Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those to whom they are due [surah al-Nisa-4:58]And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach (like a spendthrift) [surah al-Isra-; 17:29]

Eat and drink, but waste not by extravagance [surah al-A-;7:31]
And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the best provision is al-taqwa (piety, righteousness) [surah al-Baqarah; 2:197]And whosoever fears Allaah and keeps his duty to Him,He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty) [surah al-Talaq; 65:2]And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him [surah al-Talaq; 65:3]


He who obeys the Messenger has indeed obeyed Allah [surah al-Nisa-4:80]By no means shall you attain al-birr (righteousness) until you spend (in Allaahs cause) of that which you love [surah-Imran; 3:92]

Allah (Alone) is Sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of Affairs (for us) [surah al=Imran; 3:171]And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance [surah al-Isra-17:37]And turn not your face away from men with pride [surah al-Luqman; 31:18] And be moderate (or show no arrogance) in your walking, and lower your voice [surah al-Luqman; 31:19]And give not a thing in order to have more (or consider not your deeds of obedience to Allah as a favour to Allah) [surah al-Muddaththir; 74:6]


=Pay attention to Allah and He will pay attention to you.
=If you feel no shame, then do as you wish.
=Make sure your food is good (halal and bought with halal earnings), and you will be one whose prayers are answered.
=Fear Allah wherever you may be.
=Follow up a bad deed with a good deed, to cancel it out.
=Mix with people with a good attitude.
=Keep away from prohibited things and you will be the best of worshippers.Be content with what Allah has given you, and you will be the richest of people.Love for other people what you love for yourself.
=Wrongdoing will be multiple darkness on the Day of Resurrection.
=Fear Allah and treat all your children fairly.
=Fear the Fire, even if by giving half a date (in charity).
=Fear the prayer of the oppressed.
=The thing that weighs most heavily in the balance (of good deeds) is a good attitude.
=Deliberation is from Allah, haste is from Shaytan.
=The less your wealth, the less you will be called to account for.
=Do not become angry, and Paradise will be yours.
=The most beloved of deeds to Allah is the one that is continuous, even if it is little.
=The most beloved of places to Allah are the mosques.
=The most hated of places to Allah are the marketplaces.
=The most beloved of food to Allah is that which is touched by many hands (i.e., shared among many people).
=The most beloved of speech to Allah is that a person should say,
=Subhaan Allah wa bi hamdih (Glory and praise be to Allah)
=The most beloved of people to Allah is the one who is most helpful.
=The most beloved deed to Allah is making a Muslim happy.
=Whoever restrains his anger, Allah will conceal his faults.
=A bad attitude spoils a good deed just as vinegar spoils honey.
=The most beloved of people to Allah are those who have the best attitudes.
=Beware of this world, for it is sweet and tempting.
=Control your tongue.
=Trim your moustaches and let your beards grow.
=Give back the things you have been entrusted with to the person who entrusted them to you.
=Do not betray the one who betrays you.
=Pray to Allaah and be confident of a response.
=Cheer people up, do not put them off.
=Make things easy for people, not difficult.
=Eat with your right hand and eat from what is in front of you.
=If Allah gives you wealth, let the blessing of Allah be seen on you.
=If someone who is distinguished among his own people comes to you, then honour him.
=If one with whose religion and character you are pleased comes to you (to seek your daughter hand in marriage), then marry (your daughter) to him.
=If Allah wills good to the people of a household, He guides them to be gentle.
=If you do something bad, follow it by doing something good.
=If you feel uncomfortable about something, then leave it alone.
=If you judge (between people), then judge fairly.
=If you enter a house, greet the inhabitants with salaam.
=If you are reminded of Allah, stop what you are doing (of sin).
=If Allah sends you some provision without you looking forward to it or asking others for it, then take it.
=If you ask Allah for anything, then ask Him for al-Firdaws (the highest level of Paradise).
=If your good deeds please you and your bad deeds upset you,then you are a mumin (believer).
=If you hear the call to prayer, then respond to the one who is calling you to Allah.
=If you hear the call to prayer, then say something like the muadhhin says.
=If any one of you becomes angry, let him keep sile

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