Bricktop

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Ada Beatrice Queen Victoria Louise Virginia Smith, better known as Bricktop (Aug 14, 1894 - Feb 1, 1984) was an African-American dancer, singer, vaudevillian, and saloon-keeper who owned the nightclub Chez Bricktop in Paris from 1924 to 1961, as well as clubs in Mexico City and Rome. She has been called "...one of the most legendary and enduring figures of twentieth-century American cultural history."

 

When she was a child, she told her mother,
"I want to be in the back room of a saloon."
And when she grew old enough, she went north, to Harlem,
to sing and dance at Baron Wilkins Club and Connie's Inn.


~from Cabaret Queen, Bricktop Is Dead
Huntington Herald-Dispatch

Biography 

Early life

Smith was born in Alderson, West Virginia, the youngest of four children. When her father died, her family relocated to Chicago. It was there that saloon life caught her fancy, and where she acquired her nickname, "Bricktop," for her flaming red hair and freckles. She began performing when she was very young, and by sixteen, she was touring with TOBA (Theatre Owners' Booking Association) and on the Pantages vaudeville circuit.

At age twenty, her performance tours brought her to New York City. While at Barron's Exclusive Club, a nightspot in Harlem, she put in a good word for a band called Elmer Snowden's Washingtonians, and the club booked them. One of its members was Duke Ellington.

Her first meeting with Cole Porter is related in her obituary in the Huntington (West Virginia) Herald-Dispatch:
Porter once walked into the cabaret and ordered a bottle of wine. "Little girl, can you do the Charleston?" he asked. Yes, she said. And when she demonstrated the new dance, he exclaimed, "What legs! What legs!"

Above Photo: The Panama Trio (1916) Cora Green, Florence Mills and Bricktop

 

Cafe society

By 1924, she was in Paris. Cole Porter hosted many parties, "lovely parties" as Bricky called them, where he hired her as an entertainer, often to teach his guests the latest dance craze such as the Charleston and the Black Bottom. In Paris, Bricktop began operating the clubs where she performed, including The Music Box and Le Grand Duc. She called her next club "Chez Bricktop," and in 1929 she relocated it to 66 rue Pigalle. Her headliner was a young Mabel Mercer, who was to become a legend in cabaret.
Bricktop broadcast a radio program in Paris from 1938-39, for the French government. She left Paris during World War II.

Known for her signature cigars, the "doyenne of cafe society" drew many celebrated figures to her club, including Cole Porter, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald mentions the club in his 1931 short story Babylon Revisited. Her proteges included Duke Ellington, Mabel Mercer and Josephine Baker. She worked with Langston Hughes when he was still a busboy. The Cole Porter song, "Miss Otis Regrets," was written for her to perform, Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli wrote a song called "Brick Top", and she has been written about by Fitzgerald, Hughes, Ernest Hemingway, Maya Angelou, Evelyn Waugh and T. S. Eliot.

 

Later life

Bricktop made a brief cameo appearance, as herself, in Woody Allen's 1983 mockumentary film Zelig, in which she "reminisced" about a visit by Leonard Zelig to her club, and an unsuccessful attempt by Cole Porter to find a rhyme for "You're the tops, you're Leonard Zelig." She also appeared in the 1974 film Honeybaby, Honeybaby, where she played herself operating a "Bricktop's" in Beirut, Lebanon.

In 1972, Bricktop made her only recording, "So Long Baby," with Cy Coleman. She preferred not to be called a singer or dancer, but rather a performer.

She wrote her autobiography, Bricktop by Bricktop, with the help of James Haskins, the prolific author who wrote biographies of Thurgood Marshall and Rosa Parks. It was published in 1983 by Welcome Rain Publishers (ISBN 0-689-11349-8), and is "...crammed with anecdotes about the rich, powerful, and famous," including John Barrymore, Jelly Roll Morton, Jack Johnson, Legs Diamond, John Steinbeck, Django Reinhardt, Frank Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson, Tallulah Bankhead, Gloria Swanson, and "...a dazzling array of kings and princes."

Bricktop died in her sleep in her apartment on New York City's West Side in 1984.

Above Photo: Morton (2nd from right) with Bricktop (right)in Los Angeles in 1918.

 

She numbered Cole Porter,
the Duke and Duchess of Windsor
and F. Scott Fitzgerald among her
friends.

Her proteges included
Josephine Baker,
Mabel Mercer
and
Duke Ellington.

Her red hair
and cigars were
her signature.


~from Cabaret Queen, Bricktop Is Dead
Huntington Herald-Dispatch
February 2, 1984

Bricktop's Guestbook 

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  • Reply
    Angele Angele Mar 18, 2009 @ 3:05 pm
    I just want to know if anyone knows where in New York City, Bricktop died. I would like to see know if she lived in my neighborhood on the west side of New York.

Further Reading 

SPOTLIGHT

Bricktop

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Hers is the candid, high-spirited story of a scrappy redhead colored girl from West Virginia and Chicago who combined her unerring eye for talent and chich with a uniquely American brashness and an eminently European sophistication to become the toast of two continents.

 

SPOTLIGHT

Negrophilia: Avant-Garde Paris and Black Culture in the 1920s (Interplay)

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Black culture was very much in vogue in avant-garde Paris in the 1920s as white artists celebrated it as a means of escaping bourgeois values. At the same time, an emphasis on the "primitive" often reduced blacks to racist stereotypes. In this lively, highly accessible study, Archer-Shaw utilizes her background as an art historian and curator to discuss black life and its complex, often disturbing interaction with white European society. The focus on art (including painting, photography, fashion, and sculpture) distinguishes this book from other important works such as Michel Fabre's From Harlem to Paris (LJ 11/15/91), which concentrates on the literary scene, and Tyler Stovall's more general Paris Noir: African Americans in the City of Light (LJ 12/96). Archer-Straw's book also differs from these works by devoting considerable attention to whites as well as blacks, including shipping heiress Nancy Cunard, art collector Paul Guillaume, and photographer Man Ray. Recommended for all collections with an interest in black culture and/or art. ~From Library Journal

A scholarly, zesty look at the racial thrills and tensions in a trend that affected dance, theater, music, sculpture, fashion.
~H. Scott Jolley, Travel & Leisure

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Paris Reflections: Walks through African-American Paris

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Shack compactly illuminates the expatriate African American community of jazz musicians that thrived in the Montmartre district of Paris in the 20s and 30s and helped turn the 'city of lights' into the major jazz capital it remains today. The catalyst for this transformation was James Reese Europe, leader of the 'Harlem Hellfighters' troop regiment in the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. These musicians and soldiers, despite indignities inflicted by the U.S. military, impressed Europeans with their jazz concerts, and later the Hellfighters became the most decorated military unit in the American forces. After the war, many of them stayed in France, which lacked the segregationist laws and customs that plagued them at home. Shack profiles the leading figures in this community, including Josephine Baker, Ada 'Bricktop' Smith, and Sidney Bechet. A brilliant account of an unsung chapter in American history. ~Booklist

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On This Day In Jazz Age Music

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MP3s 

Check out my favorite songs! I've handpicked these MP3s from Amazon. Take a listen. If you like, you can click to buy them on Amazon.

Music 

The Best of Django Reinhardt

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Trivia 

Writer John Steinbeck was
once thrown out of her club for
"ungentlemanly behavior."

He regained her affection by
sending a taxi full of roses.


~from Cabaret Queen, Bricktop Is Dead
Huntington Herald-Dispatch

Links 

Ada "Bricktop" Smith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It was there that saloon life caught her fancy, and where she acquired her nickname, "Bricktop," for her flaming red hair and freckles. ...
"Bricktop Tells Her Story"
Now the whole story of her fabulous life is told for the first time in Bricktop by Bricktop with James Haskins, to be published by Atheneum on August 15, ...
"Cabaret Queen, Bricktop Is Dead"
New York Funeral Services will be held tomorrow for the woman called Bricktop, whose shapely legs captivated Cole Porter and whose hospitality drew the ...
African American Registry -- Your Source for African American History
It was during these years that she acquired the name "Bricktop," which ... Later she opened her club Bricktop, moving it in 1929 to 66 Rue Pigalle with ...
Playbill News: Musical About Ada "Bricktop" Smith Is Aiming for ...
Jul 10, 2007 ... A new musical about the life of Ada "Bricktop" Smith - the 1920's performer ... American expatriate Ada "Bricktop" Smith was a 1920's Paris ...
Bricktop, Bricktop & James Haskins
The story of cabaret artist Bricktop, for whom Cole Porter wrote Miss Otis Regrets.
Paris In Mind
Paris In Mind
HARLEM-SUR-SEINE:
HARLEM-SUR-SEINE: BUILDING AN AFRICAN AMERICAN DIASPORIC COMMUNITY IN PARIS by Tyler Stovall

Discussion Group 

RedHotJazz ยท From Ragtime to Swing

This group is dedicated to all styles and aspects of pre-war jazz. It was named after the Red Hot Jazz Archives, with kind permission of Mr Scott Alexander.

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