Chinese Hopping Vampires

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Pity the Po vampire

Chinese vampires are based on the hopping ghost stories of Chinese folklore. Honoring the dead is an important cultural practice in China, and improper respect and service to the dead may result in the dead coming back to do more than simply haunt you. They may demand retribution.

The chiang-shih (sometimes gyonshi or jiang-shi), or hopping ghost, is actually a revenant and not a ghost at all. The soul (po) does not depart from the body as it should and resorts to its basest instincts for survival. The po reanimates the body, and the body goes in search of sustenance. Like the Eastern European vampire, the chiang-shih often seeks out its own family, but it is quite willing to munch on anyone else along the way.

While various kinds of ghosts and spirits appear in Chinese folklore, vampires are a rather new addition to Chinese mythology.

What to know about Chinese vampires

Arigurumi Chinese vampireChinese vampires hop. No one really knows why, but many people have theories. Some say the tradition of burying the corpse in a standing position means that it would hop. Others believe the Qing dynasty burial garments bind the legs together making it impossible to walk. It could be that rigor mortis has set in and the joints have lost all flexibility making a hopping motion the only possibility. And then there are those that say the hopping motion is symbolic of the vampire's attachment to the physical plane.

Chinese vampires can't see. They rely on the ability to sense the breath of their prey to track them. In the movies, the hero often has to hold his breath in order to evade the vampire.

Chinese vampires want your qi. Unlike Western vampires, the ones that want your blood, Chinese vampires want your qi (or chi), your life energy. Although some traditions say that Chinese vampires do this by sucking the breath out of their victims, in the movies they're just as likely to use incredibly sharp teeth to chomp their victims, suck their blood and eat their flesh.

Want to know more about the crochet vampire in the image? Visit Karabouts amigurumi crochet site.

Forget crosses. Try sticky rice.

Mr. Vampire (1985)There are many ways to keep Chinese vampires at bay. Religion is important, as are Taoist and Buddhist magic. Death blessings can be stuck to the forehead of the vampire. (This can be tricky as it often means that when being chased by a vampire, you've not only got to whip up a quick blessing, but you also have to get within arm's reach of the creature to attach it to its forehead.) Taoist mirrors (feng-shui mirrors), glutinous rice (purity), straw, snake wine, and chicken blood are all part of the Chinese vampire hunter's arsenal.

How do you become a Chinese vampire?

A curse can do it. So can being buried in the wrong (inauspicious) spot, dying far from home and not being returned for burial. Murder victims, suicides, and disappeared people were all likely to become vampires because of the violent nature of their deaths or the inability to trace the body for proper burial in the case of disappearances. Yin shock—a shock to the system caused by the dark and mysterious nature of yin energy—can also cause the corpse to come back as a vampire.

How do you get rid of a Chinese vampire?

Chinese vampire dollEmploy a priest to intercede. Return the body to its rightful burying place and ensure proper ancestral worship. Release the spirit. Use Buddhist or Taoist magic to bind the body to its coffin. Burn the body (although I suspect this is a last resort). Some say a Chinese vampire isn't really dead until it explodes.

Want to know more? You can check out my blog post, "What I know about Chinese vampires".

The essential Chinese vampire

Let's review

AZN Television, "the network for Asian America," offers this quick and easy primer on Chinese vampires.
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Are hopping vampires scary?

Do you think you could outrun a Chinese vampire?

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Lemming13 says:

It would be hard, I'd be laughing too much.

italianizeyourself says:

Yest because all of the hopping vampires that I have seen know kung fu. Mr Vampire wouldn't lie.

jp1978 says:

No, the hopping is too distracting!

 

The Legend of the Seven Golden Vampires

Hammer Studios in Hong Kong

The Chinese vampire craze started when Hammer Studios made The Legend of the Seven Golden Vampires, a Western-style vampire movie in Hong Kong.
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Encounters of the Spooky Kind

Sammo Hung sets the stage

Sammo Hung got into the action with his own, homegrown supernatural Chinese comedy, Encounters of the Spooky Kind (1980). Full of Hung's classic slapstick martial arts, Encounters of the Spooky Kind set the stage for Chinese vampire movies to follow.

In 1982, Hung followed up with The Dead and the Deadly another supernatural film featuring Chinese vampires and the cast from Encounters of the Spooky Kind.
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Check out Debs' great lens on Encounters of the Spooky Kind.
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Mr. Vampire

"We need some sticky rice to soak up the poison."

Sammo Hung made other supernatural martial arts movies, movies that included Chinese vampires. But they really took off in Hung's (he was the producer) 1985 vampire comedy Mr. Vampire. Lam Ching Ying plays a Taoist priest in whose care families have left their cursed ancestors. When two bumbling assistants interrupt the respite of the dead, a vampire terror is let loose in the countryside.

The success of Mr. Vampire was followed by three sequels, including Mr. Vampire II, which featured a vampire child, which hepled make it extremely popular with a younger audience and perpetuating the comic aspects of the genre.
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The Vampire Effect and beyond

"A new age of darkness is dawning"

While the number of Chinese vampire films being produced in China has slowed, it certainly hasn't stopped. More and more, the vampires resemble Western vampires, but the Chinese vampire still makes an appearance from time to time.
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Chinese vampires in America

"There's vampires loose in Chinatown!"

American independent filmmaker and makeup artist Rob Fitz has made new Chinese vampire film set in New York's Chinatown. In God of Vampires, hitman Frank Ng has been contracted to murder a Chinese crime lord. This seemingly routine hit goes terribly wrong when Frank discovers his mark is a vampire.
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Chinese vampires on eBay

They're everywhere!

The Chinese vampire has branched out beyond cinema, and taken on a life of its own. They're in fiction, comic books, and games; they're toys and dolls; they're puppets and knitting patterns. Let's see what eBay's got to share today....
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Are you ready to ward off a Chinese vampire?

  • earthybirthymama Feb 3, 2012 @ 9:17 pm | delete
    The amigurumi crochet vampire is amazing! Great Lense.
  • NYThroughTheLens Jul 3, 2011 @ 3:53 pm | delete
    I had no idea this even existed. Love this.
  • Lemming13 Mar 8, 2011 @ 2:50 am | delete
    Thanks for a great lens - I love the Mr Vampire movies, and Close Encounters of the Spooky Kind, but you've a few films here I didn't know about. Thanks!
  • kab Oct 28, 2010 @ 7:44 am | delete
    The description seems more like a zombie than a vampire. If they are dead and don't suck blood, aren't they zombies?
  • PamKeesey Feb 23, 2011 @ 9:28 pm | delete
    Great question! Folklore is very organic, and shifting and changing all the time. Generally European vampires are thought of creatures that return from the dead and drink the blood of the living. However, this is often extended to the idea of stealing the life force of the living in ways other than just sucking their blood. In European culture, this was thought to be blood. However, in China, the life force is "chi," so Chinese vampires suck the breath out of the living, much in the same way European folklore says cats were wont to do. And, in the folklore of indigenous Americans, especially in areas where body fat is crucial to survival, vampires are thought to suck the fat from the living. There's even an episode of the X Files that uses that idea.

    Zombies, though, used to be the living that were enslaved to an extent that they appeared to be dead. It wasn't until George Romero's "Night of the Living Dead" that zombies were established as creatures that came back from the dead to eat the flesh of the living. The (living, not undead) creatures that were known to do that before Romero's zombies became so popular were ghouls, living creatures that ate the flesh of the dead.

    So, you see, folklore and popular culture have lots of different sources, and they influence each other in many different ways!
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by

PamKeesey

Pam Keesey is well known for her writing on women in horror, including her books Daughters of Darkness, Dark Angels, Women Who Run with the Werewolves,... more »

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