Coffee from scratch!
Coffee is a widely consumed beverage prepared from the roasted seeds commonly called the beans of the coffee plant. Coffee was first consumed as early as the 9th century, when it appeared in the highlands of Ethiopia.
[1] From Ethiopia, it spread to Egypt and Yemen, and by the fifteenth century had reached Persia, Turkey, and northern Africa. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe and to the Americas.
[2] Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages world-wide, its volume amounting to about a third of that of tap water in North America and Europe.
[3] Coffee is made from the seeds of the Coffea plant. The two most commonly grown varieties of the coffee plant are robusta and arabica. Coffee berries and their seeds undergo multi-step processing before they become a beverage ready for consumption. The berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are roasted at temperatures around 200°C (392°F), during which the sugars in the bean caramelize, the bean changes color, and flavor develops. The beans are roasted to a light, medium, or dark brown color, depending on the desired flavor.
[4] Then, the roasted beans are ground and brewed in order to create the beverage coffee.
[5] Coffee has played a role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. In the 17th century, it was banned in Ottoman Turkey. In Europe, it was once associated with rebellious political activities. Today, the trade of coffee has a large economic impact. Coffee is one of the world's most important primary commodities, as it is a popular beverage world wide; in 2003, coffee was the world's sixth largest legal agricultural export in value. 6.7 million tons of coffee were produced annually from 1998-2000, and it is predicted that by 2010, production will rise to 7 million tons annually. The health effects of coffee have been questioned, and many studies have been performed on the relationship between coffee consumption and many medical conditions. Studies have suggested that the consumption of coffee lowers the risk of certain diseases, but coffee consumption, especially when it is excessive, may have negative effects as well.
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Great Books about Coffee on Amazon
The Various Flavors of Coffee
Amazon Price: $14.96 (as of 10/06/2008)
It's Not About the Coffee: Leadership Principles from a Life at Starbucks
Amazon Price: $13.57 (as of 10/06/2008)
Great Coffee Cakes, Sticky Buns, Muffins & More: 200 Anytime Treats and Special Sweets for Morning to Midnight
Amazon Price: $23.10 (as of 10/06/2008)
Home Coffee Roasting, Revised, Updated Edition: Romance and Revival
Amazon Price: $12.21 (as of 10/06/2008)
The Coffee Trader: A Novel (Ballantine Reader's Circle)
Amazon Price: $10.17 (as of 10/06/2008)
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