The (Street) Art of Stencil Graffiti

: This is one of many types of graffiti, for a more general discussion of the subject, see graffiti.

Stencil graffiti makes use of a paper, cardboard, or other media to create an image or text that is easily reproduceable. The desired design is cut out of the selected medium and then the image is transferred to a surface through the use of spray paint or roll-on paint.

The process of stencilling involves applying paint across a stencil to form an image on a surface below. Sometimes multiple layers of stencils are used on the same image to add colours or create the illusion of depth.

Those who make and apply stencils have many motivations. For some, it is an easy method to produce a political message. Many artists appreciate the publicity that their artwork can receive. And some just want their work to be seen. Since the stencil stays uniform throughout its use, it is easier for an artist to quickly replicate what could be a complicated piece at a very quick rate, when compared to other conventional tagging methods.

One of the best known graffiti artists who uses stencils extensively is Banksy.

Category: Image - :Feknerestatewheels.jpg|thumb|300px|John Fekner Wheels Over Indian Trails 1979-1990. Pulaski Bridge near the Queens Midtown Tunnel Spray paint on concrete. Long Island City, NY.

Stencil graffiti subculture has been around for the last thirty years. John Fekner is one of the first artists to place his work outdoors, starting in 1968. Lewisohn Cedar, Street Art: The Graffiti Revolution, Tate Museum, London, England 2008 ISBN-978-1-85437-767-8 pgs.23, 90 Fekners stencil Wheels Over Indian Trails greeted motorists and international travelers arriving in New York City at the Pulaski Bridge Queens Midtown Tunnel from 1979-1990. The message remained untouched for 11 years, until Earth Day 1990, when Mr. Fekner, feeling the piece had run its course, painted over it.F.Y.I by Jesse McKinley New York Times, Sunday, May 21, 1995

Famous french artist Ernest Pignon-Ernest's stencilled silhouette of a nuclear bomb victim was spray painted in the south of France in 1966 (Plateau d'Albion, Vaucluse)

Blek le Rat's first spray painted stencils were seen in Paris in 1981 and Jef aerosol started in Tours in 1982.They continue to work outdoors. Le Rat was influenced by the graffiti artists of New York City but wanted to create something of his own.

Category: Image - :IMGP1452.JPG|thumb|300px|Stencil on bikeway in Seville (Spain).

Australian photographer Rennie Ellis documented some of the earliest examples of stencil art to appear in Sydney and Melbourne in his 1985 book The All New Australian Graffiti. In the introduction to the book, Ellis noted that US photographer Charles Gatewood had written to him and sent him photographs of similar stencil graffiti that had recently appeared in New York City, leading Ellis to speculate that:

:"... unlike our subway-style graffiti, which is nothing more than a copy of a well-established New York tradition, the symbols of Australia and America had originated separately and unknown to each other."Ellis, Rennie; The All New Australian Graffiti, Sun Books (Macmillan), Melbourne, 1985 (ISBN 0 7251 0484 8)

Over the years this form of graffiti has become a worldwide subculture. The members are linked through the Internet and the images spray-painted on the urban canvas they place throughout the world. Many of its members connect through blogs and websites that are specifically built to display works, get feedback on posted works, and receive news of what is going on in the world of stencil graffiti. Stencil graffiti is illegal and many of the members of this subculture shroud their identities in aliases. Banksy, Above, Jef Aérosol, Blek le Rat, Vhils, 157, and Shepard Fairey are some names that are synonymous with this subculture. As for local stencil artists, they are fairly veiled and are hard to reach.