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How to survive priorities

Human survive priorities are found in the
'Rule of Three'

Humans cannot survive more than three
minutes without air

Humans cannot survive more than three
hours exposed to extreme low-temperature

Humans cannot survive more than three
days without water

Humans cannot survive more than three
weeks without food

The Rule of Three should be viewed as
generalities. The record is 10 minutes, 17 seconds without air the crew of a
boat lasted 8 days without water but people have survived without food for over
40 days.

In most survival situations, three
priorities must be addressed before any other needs are met:

Shelter

A shelter will protect one from
potentially disastrous weather, help prevent hypothermia, and allow restful
sleep. It will also boost how you feel emotionally, as it will become a base or
home. Therefore, in typical survival situations, a shelter should be able to be
moved with you, if possible, and be set up quickly. If one spends too much time
on a shelter it takes away from other survival tasks.

A shelter should provide a somewhat
comfortable place to sleep. To this end, it should account for the following:

Immovable rocks, animal nests, and other
obstacles and hazards should be avoided.

Dry watercourses may be flat, sandy, and
comfortable to sleep on, but they will flood in a storm.

Sunlight provides warmth (which is not
always welcome), and can help one to wake up in the morning. However, sunny,
open areas are vulnerable to wind which causes convection of one's body heat.

Heat transfer: an excessively large or
well-ventilated shelter will not retain warmth well.

Flashing (weatherproofing) to provide
protection from elements.

A cave can provide a very useful shelter
because it can provide protection from wind, rain and snow and maintains a
constant internal temperature. Unfortunately, caves can present additional
problems such as ground water, dampness, disease, and wildlife.

The simplest and most mobile shelter is a
tarp, supported by make-shift frame work or rope. Large leaves, such as ferns or
fir branches, can be added to a latticework of branches. Ferns on a shelter
provide insect repellent. Branches propped against a fallen tree make a simple
and effective refuge, but animals such as ants and snakes may nest under the
tree.

Water

A human can survive a maximum of three
days without the intake of water, assuming you are at sea level, at room
temperature, and a relative humidity.

In colder temperatures and/or with rain or
snow the length or likelihood of survival would be greatly reduced. In addition
to the aforementioned priorities, length of survival also depends on amount of
physical exertion. A typical person will lose 2-3 ltrs of water per day in
ordinary conditions, but more in hot, dry, or cold weather.

A lack of water causes dehydration,
resulting in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death.
Even mild dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is
dangerous in a survival situation where clear thinking is essential. Your body
requires 4 to 6ltrs of water or other liquids each day in the wilderness to
avoid dehydration and to keep your body functioning properly.

Animal blood is not suitable for
re-hydration as it may be diseased. In addition, because of the nutrients it
contains, it requires energy to digest. Mammals all have blood-borne pathogens
so the animal must also be cooked. Urine contains salt and other toxins, which
also makes it unsuitable to drink, although it can be refined in a solar still.

Many birds, mammals, and some insects,
such as bees, ants, and mason flies, are reliable indications of water, either
through a stream or a soaked patch of earth.

While finding water is most important,
preventing water loss is also an issue. Resting, avoiding smoking, and breathing
through the nose are recommended.

Food

Food is not urgently needed in survival
situations, since a human can survive for several weeks without it. However,
much like dehydration, hunger can bring about many consequences long before it
causes death, such as:

Irritability and low morale

Weakness

Loss of mental clarity, such as confusion,
disorientation, or poor judgment

Weakened immune system

Difficulty maintaining body temperature.

It is actually rather easy to find food in
most wild environments, provided one knows where to look. A basic knowledge of
animal trapping, hunting, and fishing will provide meat. Equally important is a
knowledge of edible plants, fungi, and lichens. One cannot always rely on the
most abundant or most easily accessible type of food. To survive for long
periods of time, one must maintain a balanced diet. In order to do this, one
must consume a balanced variety of foods.

First aid

Wilderness first aid in particular can
help a person survive and function with injuries that would otherwise kill or
incapacitate him/her. Common and dangerous injuries include:

Lacerations, which may be infected

Bites from venomous animals, such as
snakes

Bone fractures

Sprains, particularly of the ankle

Burns

The survivor may need to apply the
contents of a first aid kit or naturally-occurring medicinal plants, immobilize
injured limbs, or even transport incapacitated comrades.

Navigation

Survival situations are resolved by
finding one's way to safety. This requires some navigation or movement:

Celestial navigation, using the sun and
the night sky

Reading a map (particularly a topographic
map), together with a compass

Using a GPS receiver, if one is available

Other survival skills

For long-term survival some other skills
are useful:

Knife or Multi tool - usage and sharpening
(a knife or Multi tool is very important for all survival situations and for
many aspects of bushcraft)

A sheath knife of high carbon steel with a
4 to 6 inch blade is invaluable for the creation of tools, splitting wood for
fire building using a baton, building shelters and many other skills.

Climbing and Mountaineering techniques

Rope work

Making rope from materials such as the
inner bark of trees, other plant fibers, or animal sinews

Knowledge of knots and their applications

Making a raft or boat

Weapons are an essential part of a large
survival outfit.

Be sure to get proper training to be safe
with firearms.

Basic primitive weapons can be important
tools: they include spears.

Training

Training has many components, mental
competence and physical fitness being two. Mental competence includes the skills
listed in this article, as well as the ability to overcome panic and think
clearly. Physical fitness includes, among other abilities, carrying loads over
long distances on rough terrain. Theoretical knowledge of survival skills is
useful only if it can be applied effectively in the wilderness. Almost all
Survival Skills are environment specific and require training in a particular
environment.

Training is broken down into three types,
or schools; Modern Wilderness Survival, Bushcraft, and Primitive 
Techniques. Modern Wilderness teaches the skills needed to survive Short-Term (1
to 4 Days) and Medium-Term (4 to 40 Days) survival situations. Bushcraft is the
combination of Modern Wilderness Survival and useful Primitive Survival
Techniques. It normally splits its skill acquisition between Medium-Term
Survival Techniques (4 to 40 Days) and Long-Term Survival Techniques (40 Days
Plus). Primitive Survival Techniques teaches the skills need to survive over the
Long-Term (40 days plus). Many primitive technology skills require much more
practice and may be more environment specific.

Mental Preparedness

NLP will help with this

It should not be overlooked what the will
to live means in a life and death situation. Stories of heroic feats of survival
by regular people with little or no training are not uncommon. Even with a
strong understanding of the way we may be mentally affected, even a trained
survival expert may feel the crushing effects of psychological strain during
duress. In order to overcome these affects it is important to study stress and
how it may affect us both good and bad.

Emotions are hard wired into our brains.
Survival situations are bound to invoke strong emotional reactions from anyone
evolved. There are a few emotions that most often accompany this type of event.
They drastically lessen our ability to combat the situation. It is not something
that initially comes to mind when thinking of surviving but they are as
important as any other survival skill.

There are 6 emotions that must be
overcome to allow you a chance to survive;-

• Fear - Once placed into a survival
  situation one of the initial reactions for anyone is fear. It is a perfectly
  normal reaction however fear is the enemy. It drastically lessens our ability
  to make clear decisions, which ultimately will lesson the chance for survival.
  In an effort to minimize our fears, we can train in realistic situations to
  condition ourselves to have the mentality needed to increase our confidence
  and more effectively manage fear.


• Anxiety - Typically anxiety and fear
  run hand in hand with one another. It may start as a uneasy feeling in the pit
  of our stomach but by the time the mind is added into the situation it may
  quickly spiral out of control. Anxiety will oftentimes take over the mind and
  quickly make it difficult to make decisions with any clairvoyance. Anxiety
  must be fought through in order to focus on the tasks at hand. Typically once
  some of the critical survival needs have been met, anxiety will be easier to
  keep at bay.


• Anger - It is inevitable that in a
  survival situation there are going to be problems. With the endless
  possibilities of things that can go wrong and probably will to imagine that
  tempers may flair should not come as a surprise. Anger can sap one's drive
  necessary to want to survive. Finding other ways to channel this emotion will
  prove more useful than losing ones temper.


• Depression - An overall sense of
  malaise is not uncommon in wilderness. Being alone in the wilderness trying to
  survive is almost certainly bound to bring about a depressed state.
  Overwhelming depression can lead to the body shutting down and not unlike
  anxiety can also cause a human being to give up hope. Staying positive can
  allow one to combat this.


• Guilt - Often accompanying a survival
  situation is loss of life. The guilt may not even come from someone taking
  responsibility for the person's death, rather a sense of guilt as they are
  alive and the other person is dead.


• Boredom & Loneliness - An often
  unanticipated side affect of being in a survival situation. Boredom or
  loneliness can both contribute to lowering morale. It is important to be able
  to keep your mind busy and your spirits up. It may be one of the most critical
  skills to survive.

Survival eBooks

A survival eBook is a .pdf .doc book used
as reference in case of emergency, when one's survival is threatened. Typically
it will cover both preparation for a trip, and guidance, such as is contained in
this article, for dealing with eventualities.

There are many different types of survival
manuals. The military will usually have one as part of its standard
documentation.

Manuels, Survival, Bushcraft, Special, Forces, Teams, Survive, Bush Craft, SAS, SBS, Navy Seals, Delta, Ray Mears, Army, Military, ebooks to buy, Survival Bushcraft skills
used by SAS SBS NAVY SEALS DELTA SO19 USMC PARAS ROYAL MARINE COMMANDOS etc all
in the form of pdf eBooks an the like