UNDERSTAND YOUR NEWBORN, INFANT & TODDLER SLEEP PROBLEMS & TIPS TO SOLVE
Every living creature needs to sleep and it's the primary activity necessary for the brain during early stages of development.
Circadian rhythms, or the sleep-wake cycle, are regulated by light and dark and these rhythms take time to develop, resulting in the irregular sleep schedules of newborns.
The rhythms begin to develop around six weeks of age and by three to six months most infants have a regular sleep-wake cycle.
By the age of two, most toddler sleep problems have caused them to spent more time asleep than awake and overall, a child will spend 40 percent of their childhood asleep.
Sleep is especially important for children as it directly impacts mental and physical development.
There are two alternating types or states of sleep:
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) or "quiet" sleep. During the deep states of NREM sleep, blood supply to the muscles is increased, energy is restored, tissue growth and repair occur, and important hormones are released for growth and development.
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) or "active" sleep. During REM sleep, our brains are active and dreaming occurs. Our bodies become immobile, breathing and heart rates are irregular.
Babies spend about 50 percent of their time in each of these states and the sleep cycle is about 50 minutes. At about six months of age, REM sleep comprises about 30 percent of sleep. By the time children reach preschool age, the sleep cycle is about every 90 minutes.
In the following sections we will evaluate unique childhood sleep problems and offer some tips for each age group including:
1) Newborn Sleep Problems
2) Infant Sleep Problems
3) Toddler Sleep Problems
4) Pre-Schooler Sleep Problems
5) School Aged Sleep Problems
Newborn Sleep Problems
Newborns Sleep Problems (1-2 months)For newborns, sleep during the early months occurs around the clock and the sleep-wake cycle interacts with the need to be fed, changed and nurtured.
Newborns sleep a total of 10.5 to 18 hours a day on an irregular schedule with periods of one to three hours spent awake.
The sleep period may last a few minutes to several hours. During sleep, they are often active, twitching their arms and legs, smiling, sucking and generally appearing restless.
Newborns express their need to sleep in different ways. Some fuss, cry, rub their eyes or indicate this need with individual gestures. It is best to put babies to bed when they are sleepy, but not asleep.
They are more likely to fall asleep quickly and eventually learn how to get themselves to sleep. Newborns can be encouraged to sleep less during the day by exposing them to light and noise and by playing with them in the daytime.
As evening approaches, the environment can be quieter and dimmer with less activity. You may be fortunate and your baby may not have newborn sleep problems but if they do see the following tips below.
Sleep Tips for Newborns
* Observe baby's sleep patterns and identify signs of sleepiness.
* Put baby in the crib when drowsy, not asleep.
* Place baby to sleep on his/her back with face and head clear of blankets and
other soft items.
* Encourage nighttime sleep.
BABY SLEEP SOLUTION
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Infant Sleep Problems
Infant Sleep Problems (3-11 months)By six months of age, nighttime feedings are usually not necessary and many infants sleep through the night; 70-80 percent will do so by nine months of age. Infants typically sleep 9-12 hours during the night and take 30 minute to two-hour naps, one to four times a day - fewer as they reach age one.
When infants are put to bed drowsy but not asleep, they are more likely to become "self- soothers" which enables them to fall asleep independently at bedtime and put themselves back to sleep during the night. Those who have become accustomed to parental assistance at bedtime often become "signalers" and cry for their parents to help them return to sleep during the night.
Social and developmental issues can also affect sleep. Secure infants who are attached to their caregiver may have less infant sleep problems, but some may also be reluctant to give up this engagement for sleep.
During the second half of the year, infants may also experience separation anxiety. Illness and increased motor development can cause infant sleep problems.
Sleep Tips for Infants:
* Develop regular daytime and bedtime schedules.
* Create a consistent and enjoyable bedtime routine.
* Establish a regular "sleep friendly" environment.
* Encourage baby to fall asleep independently and to become a "self-soother."
Toddler Sleep Problems
Toddler Sleep Problems (1-3 years)Toddlers need about 12-14 hours of sleep in a 24-hour period. When they reach about 18 months of age their nap times will decrease to once a day lasting about one to three hours. Naps should not occur too close to bedtime as they may delay sleep at night.
Many toddler sleep problems experienced includes resisting going to bed and nighttime awakenings. Nighttime fears and nightmares are also common.
Many factors can lead to sleep problems. Toddlers' drive for independence and an increase in their motor, cognitive and social abilities can interfere with sleep.
In addition, their ability to get out of bed, separation anxiety, the need for autonomy and the development of the child's imagination can lead to sleep problems. Daytime sleepiness and behavior problems may signal poor sleep or a sleep problem.
Sleep Tips For Toddlers:
* Maintain a daily sleep schedule and consistent bedtime routine.
* Make the bedroom environment the same every night and throughout the night.
* Set limits that are consistent, communicated and enforced.
* Encourage use of a security object such as a blanket or stuffed animal.
TAME THE TERRIBLE TWO'S
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Preschooler Sleep Problems
Preschooler Sleep Problems (3-5 years)Preschoolers typically sleep 11-13 hours each night and most do not nap after five years of age. As with toddler sleep patterns, they too have difficulty falling asleep and waking up during the night.
With further development of imagination, preschooler sleep problems develop when they begin to experience nighttime fears and nightmares. In addition, sleepwalking and sleep terrors peak during preschool years.
Sleep Tips for Preschoolers:
* Maintain a regular and consistent sleep schedule.
* Have a relaxing bedtime routine that ends in the room where the child sleeps.
* Child should sleep in the same sleeping environment every night, in a room that is cool, quiet and dark - and without a TV.
NATURAL SLEEP REMEDIES
School Age Child Sleep Problems
School Age Child Sleep Problems (5-12 years)Children aged five to 12 need 10-11 hours of sleep. At the same time, there is an increasing demand on their time from school (e.g., homework), sports and other extracurricular and social activities.
In addition, school age child sleep problems may develop as they become more interested in TV, computers, the media and Internet as well as caffeine products - all of which can lead to difficulty falling asleep, nightmares and disruptions to their sleep.
In particular, watching TV close to bedtime has been associated with bedtime resistance, difficulty falling asleep, anxiety around sleep and sleeping fewer hours.
Sleep problems and disorders are prevalent at this age. Poor or inadequate sleep can lead to mood swings, behavioral problems such as hyperactivity and cognitive problems that impact on their ability to learn in school.
Sleep Tips for Your School Age Child
* Teach school-aged children about healthy sleep habits.
* Continue to emphasize need for regular and consistent sleep schedule and bedtime routine.
* Make child's bedroom conducive to sleep - dark, cool and quiet. Keep TV and computers out of the bedroom.
* Avoid caffeine.
Help Your Child with These Resources
Well Behaved Kids Parenting Tool
Best Preschool Learning Package
Age of Child With Sleep Problems?
LITTLE KIDS CRAFTS
CLICK BELOW TO LEARN MORE
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- Stephanie Stephanie Jun 17, 2009 @ 12:55 pm
- Thanks for the breakdown on all age groups. My oldest is having a problem right now.
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- SnoringRelief SnoringRelief Jun 17, 2009 @ 10:09 am
- Thank you so much for this informative article. I am having trouble with one of my kids and I will try some of these tips. It's so true tat you need to understand the different stages your child is going through and you can then be on the way to help him/her.
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- JANET DE JANET DE Jun 12, 2009 @ 10:46 am
- I had twins that were not good sleepers. I wish this would have been available to me. I will surly pass this on to all 4 of my children for their benefit when they have problems with their children.
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- Mena Mena Jun 11, 2009 @ 9:55 pm
- I love sleep articles. I like how the article suggests simple tips to implement. I have and continue to use a lot of these suggestions....and they work! Thanks for the article
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- Marty Marty Jun 11, 2009 @ 7:14 pm
- Great site - well done and on a much need topic.
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- francesro francesro Jun 11, 2009 @ 12:07 pm
- Children are a gift from God but they can sure try your patience at the end of the day when you're also tired and cranky. Understanding what they are going through and knowing some strategies appropriate for their age can go a long way toward resolving sleep issues.
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