Web 2.0 and Library 2.0

For Appetizers 

The Terrible Twos: Web 2.0, Library 2.0, and More

Greg Notess wrote this article for the May 2006 issue of Online and provides a good, brief overview. Great for getting your feet wet!

Librarian 2.0 Manifesto

Web 2.0 created a huge buzz among librarians and other professionals alike in 2006. Here's a YouTube clip that lists the values and goals in the library 2.0 world, created by Laura Cohen in 2006.

Web 2.0: Where will the next generation Web take libraries?

This article from issue #2 (2006) of OCLC's NextSpace newsletter, includes three librarians' perspectives on how web 2.0 concepts will change libraries and librarianship - the "next generation" of libraries.

Web 2.0, Library 2.0 and Radical Trust: A First Take

Here's an April 2006 blog post from Darlene Fichter's blog, A Blog on the Side, about how trust is a major requirement in the web 2.0 world - NOT an easy concept to embrace for some ;)

Do Libraries Matter? The rise of Library 2.0

Written by Ken Chad and Paul Miller and based on a presentation, this white paper examines using social software (the foundation of library 2.0) to improve services. Re-examining our customers' needs, expectations, preferences, and computer/information habits are also included in this discussion. See Michael Stephen's ALA TechSource blog post about this paper for a good overview of what web 2.0 means for YOUR library.

Library 2.0 Round Up

An MLS student provides a good list of blog posts and other resources about Library 2.0 concepts on her blog, Life as I Know It.

Web 2.0 Overviews and Articles

Created by Michaal Stephens and Jenny Levine for an ALA course on this topic. LOTS of goodies here!

Library 2.0 Wikipedia entry

The title says it all. See also their entries for Web 2.0, Learning 2.0, Social Software, and Participatory Media.

The Cluetrain Manifesto

This 1999 work is all about open, two-way communication between customers and companies using Internet technologies. It's also about creating relationships with your customers and having a high level of trust - employees and customers alike. Read on for some thought-provoking and innovative ideas...

Marketing Library Services article

Darlene Fichter is a prominent library 2.0 guru who has written quite a bit on the subject. Here is a March 2007 from infotoday.com's Marketing Library Services issue about how marketing has changed in light of web 2.0 concepts and changes.

Learning 2.0 initiative

Helene Blowers took the 2.0 concept to the next level when she developed the Learning 2.0 initiative at the Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County (PMCLC). Staff were encouraged to play with various 2.0 technologies to see how they work, discuss how they impact libraries, and rethink library services in light of these new opportunities to interact with customers and each other. See also Helene's Feb. 2007 Computers in Libraries article on this called "The C's of Our Sea of Change: Plans for Training Staff, from Core Competencies to LEARNING 2.0."

NMC's Horizon Reports

The New Media Consortium's Emerging Technologies Initiative provides useful guidance and projections about which emerging technologies will be impacting higher education (and by extension libraries) with "time to implementation" timelines. Very useful for keeping an eye on what's coming next (and what to plan for!).

Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century

This MacArthur Foundation report, written by Henry Jenkins of the MIT's Comparative Media Studies Program, examines how web 2.0 concepts will impact education. Participation, user-created content, etc are all going to (even today) have major implications for how we teach and learn in the 21st century.

Time Magazine's 2006 Person of the Year: YOU

User-created content, participation, etc - need I say more? The fact that this hit Time magazine's radar indicates just how HUGE and pervasive web 2.0 technologies are right now in business and everyday life.

Pew Internet and American Life Project

There are MANY useful and really interesting reports coming from this organization. All provide data on behaviors and technology use (wireless, social networks, Internet use, etc) by various segments of the U.S. population (seniors, teens, hispanics, etc.). Some worth reading/printing are:

• Social Networking Sites and Teens
  
• Internet Penetration and Impact memo
  
• The Strength of Internet Ties
  
• Teen Content Creators and Consumers
  
• How Young People View Their Lives, Futures, and Politics: A Portrait of "Generation Next"

Millennial Net Value(s): Disconnects between Libraries and the Information Age Mindset

Written by Chuck Thomas of Florida State University, this report has a lot of useful ideas and information about how today's college students use information and technology - and he encourages libraries to keep up with and adapt services to meet these new user expectations to remain relevant. See also his EDUCAUSE Quarterly article, "Disconnects Between Library Culture and Millennial Generation Values."

5 Weeks to a Social Library online course

Organized by Library 2.0 gurus Meredith Farkas, Michelle Boule, Karen Coombs, Amanda Etches-Johnson, Ellyssa Kroski, Dorothea Salo, this free online course takes you through the different components that together ARE Library 2.0. Here's their Intro, but be sure to explore their other modules on blogs, wikis, social networks, etc.

Library 2.0 Search Engine Swiki

Use this search engine to find all sorts of resources about Library 2.0 concepts. Cool Web 2.0 tool, n'est pas?

Collaborative Tools in Libraries - Library Success: A Best Practices wiki

The Library Success wiki lists different social and collaborative tools being using in libraries. This is a great way to see how others are doing it well and effectively.

Visual Representation of Web 2.0

Mike Lowndes, Natural History Museum, United Kingdom, presented a paper at the Museums and the Web 2006 conference on the semantic web and has a GREAT tag cloud (see Social Bookmarking below for more info on that concept) to visually represent all that web 2.0 (and by extension, Library 2.0) encompasses.

Sample view of Web 2.0 & Libraries

Michael Stephens, a Libary 2.0 guru and Tame the Web blogger has written a report for ALA TechSource. Check it out!

Intuitive Revelations: The Ubiquitous Reference Model

Another gem from Brian Mathers of Georgia Tech. His paper presents some positive reflections about how libraries can reinvent services by taking advantage of web 2.0 technologies to stay relevant to students (and by extension, customers). Take a look at his blog post for an intro to the paper.

Inviting Participation in Web 2.0

David Lee King's series of blog posts about ways in which libraries can invite their users to participate and interact with each other and with the library. A great series well worth reading!

Web 2.0.. the Machine is Us/ing Us

Created by Michael Wesch, an Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Kansas State University, I saw this first via the Stephen's Lighthouse blog. It's a clever way to demonstrate the web's evolution from a structured organizational format to individual pieces of content. Combine that with new web technologies, and you've got Web 2.0 soup, where anyone can add ingredients and join the table for conversation and good eats.

The Myth of the Superuser: Fear, Risk, and Harm Online

This paper, written by Paul Ohm of the University of Colorado Law School, has an intriguing argument that the "Superuser" types on the Internet aren't all that policymakers and media-types would have you believe... see what you think.

Digital Childhood: Electronic Media and Technology Use Among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers

An article from the May 5, 2007 issue of Pediatrics that has some interesting statistics from their study about the amount of time by this age group watching TV, playing video games, using a computer, etc. These are our current and future customers. Interesting to ponder what their expectations will be of libraries as they develop and mature.

Everything is Miscellaneous- video of David Weinberger

A 57-minute video of the author of Everything is Miscellaneous, who also wrote the essential web 2.0 read, The Cluetrain Manifesto (see above for link to this text). A great overview of classification (Dewey, etc) and the evolution into tagging/folksonomy/social bookmarking/metadata in today's digital age.

Prometeus: The Media Revolution

A video posted on YouTube that attempts to predict the future of media. Interesting ideas, including the "prosumer" - where everyone is able to produce and consume media/information/content.

Chart: Who Participates

From businessweek.com and found via ypulse.com, this chart is a great illustration of internet users and activities by age group.

Enterprise 2.0: Fad or Future?

"The Business ROle for Social Software Platforms" - this white paper and podcast look at how companies (and any organization, for that matter) can benefit from integrating web 2.0 technologies such as wikis, blogs, and IM into their work environment. This document supports the concept of open collaboration and the wisdom of crowds/smart mobs over tight control over technology and information.

Here Comes Another Bubble

A hilarious YouTube video, Dec. 2007. Enjoy!

First Course: Blogs 

Blog: Wikipedia entry

A quick overview with great external links and recommended reading list.

Weblogs: A History and Perspective

By Rebecca Blood, this provides a good overview of blogs and how they've evolved and been used and adapted over time.

Why and How to Use Blogs to Promote Your Library's Services

This is a Nov/Dec 2003 Marketing Library Services article by Darlene Fichter - I told you she was a guru! Need I say more?

WebJunction: Blogs for Libraries

Greg Schwartz provides a good explanation of why libraries should consider using blogs (from Feb. 2005)

Are Library News Blogs Worth It?

Brian Mathews, of Georgia Tech Libraries, has used a lot of web 2.0 technologies to reinvent library services. Here, via his Ubiquitious Librarian blog, Greg offers some of his thoughts about blogs in libraries...

Week 1: Blogs

Week 1 from the "5 Weeks to a Social Library" free online course examines blogs. See their lists of suggested readings and examples of libraries using blogs.

IAOC: Seven Tips for Effective Blog Policies

The International Association of Online Communicators blog posted suggestions for effective blog policies for business leaders. There are ethical and legal issues which prevent some leaders from embracing or even tolerating employee blogs or "official" corporate blogs. See also their Blog Rules:
12 Best Practices to Keep You in Business--and Out of Court--with Your Corporate Reputation Intact post or check out their book, Blog Rules from either MU or CL. Karen Schneider also provides a DRAFT blog policy for libraries via her Free Range Librarian blog.

History of Blogging picture via Flickr

A humor visual representation of the history of blogging. My, how time flies! Twitter is the latest, with minute-by-minute accounts of what your friends are doing.

Blogs- Another Tool in Your Arsenal

LLRX.com is a great law librarianship website/blog and this is just one of several posts about blogs. There is also a post about internal blogs.

Blogs - Library Success: A Best Practices wiki

The Library Success wiki has great examples of how libraries are using blogs, with lots of great additional resources to check out. See also their list of library blogs for teens.

Blogging Libraries wiki

Here is a wiki (more about this web 2.0 technology later!) listing libraries that have/use blogs. Enjoy!

Library Weblogs in the U.S.

Here's a portion of a huge directory of library-related blogs from the U.S. See also Greg Schwartz's (mentioned elsewhere on this lens) list via the Open Directory. Note that these can never be truly accurate or comprehensive, so keep an eye out for new ones to share with your colleagues!

"Social Isolation and American Workers: Employee Blogging and Legal Reform"

A Spring 2007 article (45 pages!) from the Harvard Journal of Law & Technology

Mobile Instant Messaging Meets Social Networking: Twitter- a Beginner's Guide

Twitter is a microblogging website where users provide regular updates on what they're doing at that moment. It's sort of a cross between text messaging, blogging, and social networks. Here's an intro.

Guide to Twitter in Libraries

From the iLibrarian blog, part of the Online Education Database.

10 Steps to Citizen Journalism

From the International Center for Journalists. Flash and PDF versions available.

Top 25 Librarian Bloggers

From OEDb, the Online Education Database, posted Sept. 4, 2007.

Blogs in Plain English

A great intro by the Common Craft folks.

Second Course: RSS 

RSS: Wikipedia entry

"RSS is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated digital content, such as blogs, news feeds or podcasts.

Users of RSS content use programs called feed "readers" or "aggregators:" the user subscribes to a feed by supplying to his or her reader a link to the feed; the reader can then check the user's subscribed feeds to see if any of those feeds have new content since the last time it checked, and if so, retrieve that content and present it to the user."

"On Web pages, web feeds (RSS or Atom) are typically linked with the word "Subscribe", an orange square, or a rectangle with the letters XML or RSS. Many news aggregators such as My Yahoo! publish subscription buttons for use on Web pages to simplify the process of adding news feeds."

Aggregator: Wikipedia entry

Aggregators, or RSS readers, collect and display all of your RSS feeds in one convenient place, usually with lots of features like searching, clipping/bookmarking, etc.

RSS Compendium

This compendium is a great starting point- listing various RSS Readers, Directories, etc. All you need to learn about and explore RSS feeds.

RSS Readers via RSS Compendium

Choosing which RSS Reader to subscribe to is an important first step. Many have similar features, but they all have unique characteristics, too. Two of the most popular are Bloglines.com and Google Reader. To avoid having to download anything, be sure to check out the list of web-based readers. RSS Remixers let you save EVEN MORE time by rolling several RSS feeds into one. What will they think of next??

State of Online Feed Readers via TechCrunch blog

Although from March 2006, this post provides a good roundup of what's available.

Nicole's blogroll (my RSS feed subscriptions)

OK, I'm gonna put myself out on a limb here and offer up my Bloglines blogroll so y'all can see which RSS feeds I currently subscribe to. Hold on to your hats, because it's pushing 200!

Bloglines

Bloglines is a popular RSS feed reader - a close second behind Google Reader, according to recent numbers. I personally like it because you can search blog posts, feeds, the web, or just your feeds (useful for those golden nuggets that slipped through your fingers). I also like their clipping feature, because I like to keep track of posts that might come in handy later.

Google Reader

Google Reader has come out ahead of Bloglines recently and appears to be the feed reader of choice these days. I've imported my feeds into an account here to compare it to Bloglines, and I like it's layout and design. I haven't discovered a search option, but it's "add star" option is similar to the clipping feature in Bloglines. Try it out!

Technorati search engine

Want to know who's saying what? Searching blogs/websites and their associated RSS feeds is a great way to catch the latest public sentiments and news items. Feedster and Bloglines also allow for feed searches.

RSS4Lib website

A great resource covering all the different ways libraries can use RSS feeds.

35 Ways You Can Use RSS Feeds via Micro Persuasion blog

Some interesting ways to use RSS for work and for fun.

Getting Up to Speed with RSS Feeds

Presentation slides for an OPAL webcast by Michele Mizejewski of the Redwood City Public Library for the "5 Weeks to a Social Library" online course. Also check out the audio to this webcast.

RSS -Library Success: A Best Practices wiki

The Library Success wiki is a great resource for seeing examples of how libraries are integrating different technologies, among other things. Here's their list for libraries offering RSS feeds listed by OPAC vendor.

Internal Communication Blogs and KM2.0

Here's a Library Clips blog post about the potential use of blogs for internal communication.

RSS in Plain English

Thanks to Susan M., I have become a huge fan of this clip on YouTube. Enjoy!

The Ultimate RSS Toolbox

A posting on Mashable.com from June 11, 2007. Enjoy!

How to Drop an RSS Feed Like a Bad Habit

A zenhabits blog post from June 7, 2007 for those of us who just can't unsubscribe to any of our 500 feeds. ;)

10 Reasons Why RSS Beats Email

A post from Clickfire.com from August 2007.

Sink or Swim: Managing RSS Feeds with Better Groups

Some great suggestions for organizing and managing your feeds to avoid overload - from 43folders.com, Nov. 27, 2007.

Third Course: Wikis 

Wiki: Wikipedia entry

Oh the irony!

Wiki Matrix Comparison Chart

Use this matrix to select which wiki software/sites you want to compare side-by-side to see which will best meet your needs. Try out their Wiki Choice Wizard, too!

I've used PBwiki.com and like it a lot better now that they've updated the interface. I hear that WetPaint is also a good one. Be sure to report on any others you like!

Wikis-Library Success: A Best Practices wiki

Yet another irony! The Library Success wiki has great information and resources, plus a list of libraries who are using wikis - a great way to see how it can be done and done well.

Wide Open Spaces: Wikis, Ready or Not

Brian Lamb wrote an article for the EDUCAUSE Review (vol. 39, no. 5 (September/October 2004): 36-48) about wikis and why you should consider using them, although things have changed a bit since 2004.

Nicole's wiki sandbox

I used PBwiki.com to play around with wikis. Take a look and consider how it could be used to make life easier for you, your staff, and your teams/committees.

SLJ: Which Wiki is Right for You?

A May 2007 article from School Library Journal.

Wikis in Plain English

A similar YouTube clip by Common Crafts similar to their clip, RSS in Plain English (linked in the above RSS section.)

Fourth Course: Social Bookmarking 

when soup & salad aren't enough

Make Your Library del.icio.us

Jason Griffey, Reference and Instructional Librarian, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, did a webcast via OPAL for the "5 Weeks to a Social Library" online course. Check out his slides, but also check out the audio, etc. at the OPAL archive.

Social Bookmarking: Wikipedia entry

Some background reading. See also the entries for Folksonomy, Collaborative Tagging, Metadata, and Tag Clouds.

Social Bookmarking and del.icio.us: A Professional and Personal Productivity Tool

A Feb. 2007 slide presentation by Patricia Anderson of the University of Michgan's Health Sciences Library, linked here via the Superpatron blog (a well-known Ann Arbor PL patron/advocate).

PennTags project

I recently heard about the Univ. of Pennsylvania's PennTags project, where the academic community can create lists of resources (individually or collaboratively) and assign each item to appropriate keywords, or tags.

Nicole's del.icio.us account

Delicious.com is a great place to collect your bookmarks for your favorite websites/URLs. Admittedly, I was never very good at cataloging, so my tags are chaotic at best... but you get the general idea :)

Nicole's LibraryThing.com catalog

I have a huge list of books I want to read before I die - wish me luck! Seems like I never have time to read or the memory to keep track of the titles I want to go back to eventually. So, this is a site that helps me do just that. I haven't used the tagging feature, but it's there for those who want to catalog their personal libraries or connect via tags with people who share similar interests/pursuits.

Pew Internet & American Life report: Tagging

A report from Jan. 2007.

Folksonomies: Why do we need controlled vocabulary?

An editorial from the June 2007 Webology peer-reviewed online journal.

Delicious Toolbox: 180+ Del.icio.us Tools and Resources

From Mashable.com. Delicious.com is one of the most popular social bookmarking sites.

OCLC Tag Cloud Builder

Tagging is a piece to social bookmarking. Enjoy!

50+ Social Bookmarking tools

A great list from Mashable.com, August 2007.

Social Bookmarking in Plain English

Yet another gem from the CommonCraft folks. Enjoy!

Fifth Course: Social Networks 

Particpatory Networks: The Library as Conversation

An ALA report about the library's role in engaging customers/citizens/patrons in conversation in light of the new web 2.0 world.

Library Marketing - Thinking Outside the Book blog post

Jill Stover of VCU has a great blog about marketing in libraries. Here's her May 2006 post about the potential marketing benefits of libraries participating in social networks.

When Libraries Get Social

Mary Madden from the Pew Internet and American Life project created this presentation to provide information about how teen culture and behaviors are making libraries rethink how they deliver their services.

Teens and Social Networking in Schools and Public Libraries: A Toolkit for Librarians and Library Workers

YALSA, the Young Adult Library Services Association, a division of the American Library Association, revised this toolkit in March 2007 and provides great tips and talking points when discussing social networks with politicians, community members, librarians, educators, etc.

30 Positive Uses of Social Networks

YALSA bloggers spent 30 days offering different ways in which libraries could use social networks in positive ways - very useful! Take a look and see what they've come up with.

Identity Production in a Networked Culture: Why Youth Heart MySpace

Danah Boyd is a well-respected researcher and scholar at the University of Southern California Annenberg School of Communication. She has done a LOT of work investigating, studying, and talking about how teens use the Internet and social networks and putting into an adolescent development context. Here's a Feb. 2006 paper she presented at a American Association for the Advancement of Science conference.

Summarizing Facebook Research

Fred Stutzman, an Information Science PhD student at UNC (at least he was, back in 2006), posted a summary of his research and opinion pieces about Facebook, a social network for college students. He touches on many issues surrounding the use of social networking sites.

MySpace & Teens - Library Success wiki

Here's a list of libraries using MySpace in their teen programs/services. The Library Success wiki is a great place to see what other libraries are doing and how they're doing it.

Predators and cyberbullies: Reality Check

From Blogsafety.com's NetFamily News comes this March 16, 2007 piece that reports on a Columbia Journalism Review piece about Dateline's "To Catch a Predator" show and compares it to authoritative statistics. Big difference, to say the least. Well worth reading!

Just the Facts about Online Youth Victimization

A video of researchers in this area, including Danah Boyd, discussing the extent to which youth receive unwanted content or contacts online (hint: it's not nearly as often as the media claim).

Teens, Privacy, and Online Social Networks

A Pew Internet & American Life Project report from April 2007 that indicates teens are savvy about protecting themselves and their online identities.

MySpace Outage Leaves Millions Friendless

A hilarious article from the parody online magazine, The Onion. Thanks, guys! I needed that laugh.

Brief History of MySpace- two-part videos

As posted on Mashable.com June 11, 2007.

Never Ending Friending: A journey into social networking

A 2007 marketing and analysis report done by TNS, TRU, and Marketing Evolution for Fox Interactive Media.

Do You Have Facebook?

A thought-provoking, although unverified, YouTube video (5+ minutes) frin 2006 about the terms and agreements of having a Facebook profile. Questions arise about privacy and what Facebook can do with the information provided in profiles.

Social Networking in Plain English video

Another treat by CommonCraft.

Creating & Connecting

A July 2007 report by the National School Board Association, funded by Microsoft, Verizon, and News Corp(who owns MySpace), that comes out in strong support of the educational and social benefits to teens via online social networks.

Survival Guide: Online Social Networks

From the FreePint newsletter.

Nicole's Social Networking section on Delicious.com

Here are the links I've added to my Delicious.com account on social networking. Admittedly, it's a mess. I did well in cataloging class, but you'd never know it from the way I've organized things here. :)

Social Networking God: 350+ Social Networking Sites

Mashable.com does it again, this time with a list of social networking sites, dated Oct. 23, 2007.

Sixth Course: IM is kewl, IMHO 

IM and Libraries

LibSuccess.org: Online Reference

Here's a great list of libraries offering IM reference via various services and methods.

LISwiki.org list

Another wiki list of chat reference services.

Pew report: How Americans Use Instant Messaging

Although from 2004, this report offers good insight into this technology and how it affects our customers' expectations and communication preferences.

Newbie's Guide to Twitter

Twitter is a cross between a blog and IM- it's real-time blogging with a twist. The term that's evolved is "microblogging." Enjoy! Be sure to play around with Twitter too!

Using Meebo

Nice short video on how to set up and access your IM via meebo.com.

The Big Juicy Twitter Guide

From Caroline Middlebrook, Nov. 2007.

Twitter is Ruining My Blogging

From Andrew Parker, Sept. 5, 2007. Some folks are starting to prefer Twitter over blogging - nice succinct 140-character posts instead of longer ones that require more composition, thought, and time.

iLibrarian: Guide to Twitter in Libraries

A great resource!

Twtter Explained for Librarians, or 10 ways to use Twitter

David Lee King, from Topeka and Shawnee PL (KS) is an awesome blogger and Library 2.0 advocate. Here's some great info on Twitter in libraries.

The Death of E-Mail

A Slate.com article by Chad Lorenz from Nov. 14, 2007.

AP-AOL Instant Messaging Trends Survey Reveals Popularity of Mobile Instant Messaging

A new poll reveals interesting stats on teen IM/email use. Mobile technologies are becoming the new norm and the expectation of having services mobile-friendly will only increase. Are you ready?

Nicole's IM section on Delicious.com

Here are the links I've added to my Delicious.com account about IM. It's not huge, but I do add to it regularly. Be sure to subscribe to the RSS feed if you want to be notified when I add new items.

Twitter in Plain English

Another good one from the folks at Common Craft. Although Twitter is more microblogging than IM, we'll include it here until I have time to create a new section on that topic.

Seventh Course: Gaming in Libraries 

Dewey Decimals and Dance Dance Revolution

An article from The Escapist where Jared Newman writes about Jenny Levine and Eli Neiburger, the two main experts on gaming in libraries. Found via Jenny's Shifted Librarian blog at http://www.theshiftedlibrarian.com/archives/2007/05/31/links_to_me_talking_about_gaming_in_libraries.html

Gaming and Libraries: A Perfect Fit

An article by Jenny Levine published in the June 2007 issue of Reporter, the journal of the Illinois Library Association.

Nintendo Short Film Contest

You gotta check out the top three. The winner's short film is hilarious!

American Medical Association report on video games

A report form 2007 about the emotional and behavioral effects, including addiction potential, of video games. In the end, the AMA recommendation called for more research on this topic instead of making video game addiction a formal psychiatric disorder. See their statement, too.

Virtual Worlds, Real Leaders

An IBM/Seriosity report released June 2007.

Quick Guide to Gaming in Libraries

From the iLibrarian blog, part of the Online Education Database.

Nicole's Gaming links via Delicious.com

I continually add to my Delicious.com account. Here's the link to the section on Gaming. Be sure to subscribe to the RSS feed if you want to keep up with the latest additions.

Online Photo Sharing (Flickr, etc.) 

Online Photo Sharing in Plain English

Yes, another great video from CommonCraft.

Podcasting (and vodcasting) 

Podcasting in Plain English

CommonCraft has a video on pretty much everything- here's their Plain English video on podcasting.