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A couple of years back I was given a copy of the Lord's prayer in translation from Aramaic. I was concerned: there was clearly a lot more content here than a simple translation would warrant and the thought-forms did not sit well with first century Judaism. It was actually a paraphrase or 'midrash' recast in terms of esoteric philosophy. So not really a translation. Then I discovered that there's a lot of this stuff about ...
The good stuff
sites that pass on helpful information
These are the sites that purvey good information, history, understanding of translation and so on.
- Klotz in his own words
- Here's what Dr. Neil Douglas-Klotz says of the 'translation': "Each word in Aramaic can be interpreted several different ways. This is particularly true of the words of a mystic or prophet. In the Jewish tradition, this of multiple interpretation, in which translation becomes a spiritual practice, is called midrash . In my books, I have offered five or six possible interpretive translations of the Aramaic Lord's Prayer and other sayings of Jesus. "
- A historical view
- This is a good look at the history of the matter in terms of the linguistics and social realities of the time as well as the textual considerations. A bit of a myth-buster. The author, Jack Kilmon, writes "I hope a closer look at the linguistic, cultural, spiritual and historical aspects of the Prayer will give Christians a higher awareness of the power of those few short sentences all too often spoken robotically."
- From qaddish to text
- Jesus introduced an Aramaic variant of the Jewish Qaddish to his followers...
lots of good historical and textual info here. - Another version of the Lord's Prayer
- This page, from The Co-Intelligence Institute, starts with six "Poetic Renditions of the Aramaic Lord's Prayer". Then there is a very helpful comment discussion about the status of these 'poetic renditions' as translations, paraphrases etc. There is an exposition of how the phrases are understood so as to give rise to the 'poetic renditions'.
- Translation From The Aramaic - NOT!
- A succinct set of reasons why this isn't a translation.
- The Aramaic Blog
- What do all of these "Translations" have in common? They exploit (whether intentionally or unintentionally) the unfortunate fact that the general public knows little to nothing about the language. From a scholarly standpoint, these translations have about as much in common as actual Svenska has to the cute and inane babblings of a certain loveable Muppet.
The hall of shame
sites passing on bad or duff info
Sites talking about the Aramaic Lord's prayer with inaccurate information about translation, provenance, history or other errors or misleading inferences.
- Aramaic, Latin and English...
- Here's an example of how things are misrepresented "A translation directly from the Aramaic into English (rather than from Aramaic to Greek to Latin to English)."
First: it implies that this is provenly what Jesus actually passed onto the apostles. The fact is the only record we have is in the Greek of the New Testament. The Aramaic versions we have are reconstructions or possibly translations from the Greek.
Second: Our modern English versions are not via Latin but directly from good early manuscripts in Greek. It may be the case that the traditional English version is from the Latin, but I wouldn't bet on it ... - Historical mistakes
- Actually a really good example of misinformation being passed off as accurate. Here are some of the bigger errors.
-"Aramaic manuscripts have been uncovered over the years which provide us with original source documents". I think you'll find that simply doesn't stand up to scrutiny.
-"Beginning with Constantine around 325 AD, dramatic changes began to be infused into interpretations as texts were translated from Aramaic into Greek and then into Latin" This is heavily exagerrated. There were no Aramaic NT texts except ones translated from Koine Greek. We have texts from before 325 which confirm the accuracy of what we translate now.
-"The Aramaic Language has (like the Hebrew and Arabic) different levels of meaning" true of every language, and doesn't justify irresponsibility. - Our father in Heaven
- In styling itself "Translations regarding Our Father" this site repeats the error about what is fair to label 'translation'. In addition there is some dubious use of the individual sounds of the words which doesn't reall bear scrutiny though I imagine some people would like the ideas.
- 'Errors' in The Lord's Prayer
- Repeats a lot of inaccuracies such as the idea that 'our' moderen English Lord's prayer is a translation of older English, which is a translation of old English translating Latin, translating Greek but not Aramaic. Remember, mod English versions are translated directly from the Greek and it is quite possible that the Aramaic is too. There is a critique of this posting at
http://abbeynous.blogspot.com/2006/09/errors-in-lords-prayer.html
My own 'net comments
from my own blogging
collected comments from my own blogs when I have come across and commented on the Lord's prayer in Aramaic.
- The start
- This is the post that, effectively, got me started.
- 'Midrash' comment
- The original midrashic translator, Klotz, explains "possible interpretive translations of the Aramaic"
- The picture ...
- ... at the top was blogged here.
- Nouslife: The Lord's Prayer in Aramaic yet again
- A more extended commentary on a posting that repeats a lot of common misinformation and inaccuracies, so good way in to getting another slant on translation, originality, paraphrasing, language and ideology as well as a quick explanation of the real deal on gnosticism.
- 'Errors' in The Lord's Prayer
- A lot in here about the kind of cultural reasons for the popularity of the esoteric paraphrases of the Lord's prayer and why someone might want to think they are simple translations.
- A mini review of the book
- Among other things this posting has a few examples from English of the kind of linguistic errors the book perpetrates.
The issue according to me
a bit of a rant on why it matters
my Hebrew is not extensive but enough that when combined with training in linguistics and biblical interpretation I can tell when a 'midrash' is being offered. A version of the Lord's prayer which was used by Aramaic speakers (Syriac) has been taken and 'translated' in a dynamic equivalence sort of way and some further work done on it in terms of expanding some of the words or phrases to offer an interpretive gloss.
The interesting thing is the way a spurious 'authority' is gained for a philosophical framework which is probably not really consonant with Jesus's but using Jesus' words. That Jesus' authority is sought is probably significant. It is also worth noting what terms are fairly comprehensively reinterpreted and how.
I would have to say that it translates Jesus' thoughts into a thought frame that is not his originally and which therefore may appear to have him endorse views of life, the universe and everything that he may not recognise as [at all?] consonant with his message in important ways.
Just to illustrate my contention about 'overtranslation'; "Abwon" is ab, a common Semitic root for "father", the 'won' corresponds to the Hebrew 'nu' meaning 'our'. Simple, there is no real justification to translate ""Oh Thou, from whom the breath of life comes," than there would be to translate the French "notre Pere" in that way, or the German "Unser Vater" likewise, or "padre nuestro", or "Ein Tad", or "Pater noster" ... to do more than translate as "our Father" is to engage in a kind of ideological sleight of hand and it would be somewhat dishonest to knowingly pass it off as if it were a simple translation of the "=our father" sort which is the way that it was presented to me. It is a commentary, someone's view of how the word[s] might be rendered in terms of a particular preunderstanding of spiritual life that is not directly attributable to Jesus. Is it faithful? That's another issue. But by passing it off and passing it on as if it were a simple translation that question is being avoided and implicitly answered in a way that really deserves more scrutiny.
If the so-called translation was distributed as a commentary or a meditation on the Aramaic in the light of a perspective informed by the Philosophia Perennis, for example, I would not cavil. But...
The irony is that many of those who pass this off as translation are, in fact, doing just the kind of thing that they (mistakenly) castigate the church for doing: hiding the truth ...
The interesting thing is the way a spurious 'authority' is gained for a philosophical framework which is probably not really consonant with Jesus's but using Jesus' words. That Jesus' authority is sought is probably significant. It is also worth noting what terms are fairly comprehensively reinterpreted and how.
I would have to say that it translates Jesus' thoughts into a thought frame that is not his originally and which therefore may appear to have him endorse views of life, the universe and everything that he may not recognise as [at all?] consonant with his message in important ways.
Just to illustrate my contention about 'overtranslation'; "Abwon" is ab, a common Semitic root for "father", the 'won' corresponds to the Hebrew 'nu' meaning 'our'. Simple, there is no real justification to translate ""Oh Thou, from whom the breath of life comes," than there would be to translate the French "notre Pere" in that way, or the German "Unser Vater" likewise, or "padre nuestro", or "Ein Tad", or "Pater noster" ... to do more than translate as "our Father" is to engage in a kind of ideological sleight of hand and it would be somewhat dishonest to knowingly pass it off as if it were a simple translation of the "=our father" sort which is the way that it was presented to me. It is a commentary, someone's view of how the word[s] might be rendered in terms of a particular preunderstanding of spiritual life that is not directly attributable to Jesus. Is it faithful? That's another issue. But by passing it off and passing it on as if it were a simple translation that question is being avoided and implicitly answered in a way that really deserves more scrutiny.
If the so-called translation was distributed as a commentary or a meditation on the Aramaic in the light of a perspective informed by the Philosophia Perennis, for example, I would not cavil. But...
The irony is that many of those who pass this off as translation are, in fact, doing just the kind of thing that they (mistakenly) castigate the church for doing: hiding the truth ...
Linguistic Resources
things that can help understand the language issues
- Aramaic language resources
- James Aitken's Homepage with links to resources on the Aramaic language. It seemed that this might be helpful to some!
- Hebrew script Aramaic
- Here is the prayer in Aramaic in the modern Hebrew script. There's an interlinear English translation. It is pointed, so you can work out the vowel sounds aswell. The really good thing is that you can click on the Aramaic word and be taken to a page that let's you discover the parsing and root meanings of a word. A good tool. It's a good corrective to the Chinese whispers of transliterations.
- Can You Get There from Here? Problems in Bible Translation
- A general intro from a bible translator about translation issues. Useful background by Roger Omanson who is a translation consultant for the United Bible Societies, based in New York.
- The Lord's Prayer
- Commetary on the recent translation of the Liturgy of St John Chrysostom by Orthodox Churches in Great Britain. Interesting to show the translation issues arising from the Greek texts and giving an insight into the way that translation works for such texts.
- Phrase by phrase translation
- about three quarters of the way down this page is a transliteration + translation:
Our Father a woon |who [is] in the heavens d'wash-maya
holy be nith-ka-dash | your name shmakh
let come tay thay |your kingdom mal coo-thakh
let be neway | your desire [or will] sev-ya-nakh
even as in ai-ken na | heavens d'wash-maya
so on earth op barah
give us hawlan | bread lakh-ma
that we need d'soon-ka-nan | day to day yaw mana
forgive us wash wok-lan |our offenses kho-bain
even as ai-ken na |we also have dap-kha nan
forgiven sh-wak-en |our offenders el kha-ya-uen
let not oo-la |us enter ta-lan
into temptation el nis-yona |but el la
part us pa-san |from evil [error] men bee-sha
because mit-thol |yours d'lakh |are hee
dominion mal-cootha |and authority oo-khayla
and glory [songs] oo-tish-bokh ta
from ages el al-am |through ages al-meen
sealed in trust, faith and truth a-men - The Lord's Prayer in Hebrew - Part 1
- The Lord's Prayer in Hebrew - Part 1. Obviously not Aramaic but it may be useful for comparison as they are related languages.
- The Lord's Prayer
- A good, authoritative rendering of the Lord's prayer into American English orthography -so 'o' instead of 'a' for the long 'Ah' sound -low rounded back vowel. Further links to other linguistic resources on Aramaic.
- Aramaic of Jesus
- A description of what we know and suppose about the linguistic situation in Galilee and Palestine at the time of Christ. "most scholars see the Old Syriac and Peshitta versions of the New Testament as clearly based on the Greek. However, the fact remains that there does exist a layer of Aramaic-speaking culture beneath the Greek text,"
- Aramaic language at AllExperts
- A quote; "Besides these dialects of Aramaic, Greek was used extensively in urban centres. There is little evidence for the use of Hebrew during this period. Some Hebrew words continued as part of Jewish Aramaic vocabulary ..., and the written language of the Tanakh was read and understood by the educated classes. ... From the little evidence there is, this Aramaic is not Galilean Aramaic but Old Judaean. This suggests that the words of Jesus were transmitted in the dialect of Judaea and Jerusalem rather than that of his hometown."
- Greek in the Galilee of Christ
- There's a good deal of speculation here. It is certain that Koine Greek WAS spoken "between those of different nationalities" in first-century Palestine, and it was surely the dominant language in some Palestinian communities, especially in the so-called "Decapolis" to the east of the Sea of Galilee, and merchants and military people must have used Greek; I personally think that a lot of Greek was spoken in Galilee. It is a question open to dispute whether Jesus spoke or understood Greek at all: some list-members seem to deem it extremely unlikely while others (myself included) think it not at all unlikely that he did. ... Many people may find tri-lingualism odd or unusually in some cultures, even of first century AD Israel, but it is interesting to see how a good case can be built for Greek (along with Aramiac) being the language(s) of Jesus' home, ministry, and original record of his
words, be they Greek or Aramaic - The Language of the New Testament
- "... the memories of the disciples who heard Jesus say these things. They were thinking in Aramaic, but they wrote them down in Greek, similar to Arab students who study in the Hebrew University think in Arabic, but write their thoughts down in Hebrew!"
...
[scholars have] "convincingly demonstrated the widespread and common use of Greek throughout Palestine in the late Hasmonean and Herodian periods. Jesus himself was in all likelihood trilingual... [and he could probably] read signs in Latin posted for Roman troops." - Hebrew Usage in the First Century
- It is probable that Jesus spoke Greek as well as Aramaic, assuming the Gospels are reporting literal events. Consider the encounters in the Gospels where Jesus spoke directly with Greeks (non-Jews) in Greek territories:
Gedara/Gerasa (Decapolis ("Ten Cities"), east of the Jordan, northeast of Samaria) Mark 5:6ff, 18-20
Greek woman in Tyre Mark 7:24-29
Bethsaida (across Lake Galilee, out of Galilee, east of the Jordan) Matthew 11:21, et al.
Luke also records an encounter with a Roman military officer about his sick son (Luke 7:ff). Here, however, the account indicates Jesus talks only with the servants, not the officer directly; it is uncertain if these were Greek or Jewish servants.
It is more likely these are Greek or Roman, since Jewish individuals working inside the household would be unclean. The servants could also have used Aramaic. Greek is more likely in the Roman household setting, and therefore also possible in their conversations with Jesus. - When is a translation not a translation?
- While talking about how 'The message' is not really a translation of the Bible, we get insight into what the issues are with the so-called translations of the Aramaic Lord's prayer. It is "a ... running expository restatement of the text. The expositor has a far different responsibility than the translator. He [sic] still needs to be true to the text, but he has far more freedom in putting his "message" across. This is what Eugene Peterson has been doing ... to be judged on far different criteria from a Bible translation."
- Peshitta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- ... It is thought that the separate gospels circulated in a Christian Palestinian dialect of Aramaic during the period that the Diatessaron circulated in the Syriac community. These source gospels, if they existed at all, were translations from Koine Greek,...
- Aramaic Thoughts with Benjamin Shaw on StudyLight.org
- the authors of the New Testament were for the most part men whose native language was Aramaic. They were also fluent in the koine (common) Greek of the first century, as both a spoken and a written language.
See also http://www.studylight.org/col/at/archives.cgi?date=20060728&sn=1&pn=4 - asphaleia: Glossed in Translation
- Glossed in Translation
Translation, parahrase, glosses, literal, meaning, fidelity, dynamic equivalence and similar terms and ideas helpfully laid out by a translator well versed in biblical languages. - Aramaic Thoughts with Benjamin Shaw
- A quick expose of one of the most typical errors of translation committed by purported 'translations' of the Lord's prayer and those who pass them on.
- The Aramaic Blog: O Father-Mother Birther of the Cosmos?!
- Abwun dvashmaya (Our father who is in heaven.)
abwun = our Father d-va-shmaya = of whom/which - in - heaven
Nethqadash shmakh (May your name be holy.)
nethqadash = will be holy shmakh = your name
Note: The imperfect or "future" tense can be used in some cases as an adjuration, i.e. "May so-and-so happen."
Tethe malkuthakh (May your kingdom come.)
tethe = it will come malkuthakh = your kingdom
Nehweh tsevyanakh (May your will be [done])
nehweh = it will be tsevyanakh = "your will" or "your desire"
Note: This literally means closest to "Your will will be" which is awkward in English at best.
Aykana dvashmaya (As it is in heaven)
aykana = like, as d-va-shmaya = of whom/which - in - heaven Af bar`a (Also [be] on the earth)
af = also b-ar`a = in/on - the earth
Hav lan lakhma (Give us bread)
hav = give lan = to us lakhma = bread
Dsoonqanan yomana (Every day)
d-soonqanan = of which (is) - constant yomana = daily or "every day"
Ushvuq lan khaubeyn (And forgive our sins)
u-shvuq = and allow/forgive lan = unto us khaybeyn = our sins/debts/shortcommings
Aykana d'af khnan(Also as we)
aykana = like d-af = in the same manner - also khnan = we
Shvaqan lkhaiveyn (Have forgiven sinners)
shvaqan = we've forgiven l-khaiveyn = unto - sinners/debtors/the guilty, etc.
U'la te`lan lnisyouna (And don't lead us into danger.)
u-la = and - not te`lan = lead us l-nisyouna = unto - danger/temptation
Ela patsan men bisha (But deliver us from evil)
ela = but patsan = deliver us men = from bisha = evil
Metul d'dheelakh hee malkootha (Because the Kingdom is yours.)
metul = because d-dheelakh = of which - "yours" (it's a grammatical construct signifying ownership which is a bit complicated to explain here) hee = is malkootha = kingdom
Ukhaila utheshbookhtha (And the power, and the glory)
u-khaila = and - power u-theshbooktha = and- glory `Alam l`almeen (Forever; To eternity)
`alam = forever l-`almeen = unto - the ages (idiom. "eternity")
Ameyn (Amen) ameyn = "truly" or "it is truth!" traditional ending to prayer or an oath (e.g. "ameyn ameyn amarna lakh" = "truly, truly I'm telling you!" or "I swear!")
'Translations' from Aramaic
-really paraphrases, midrashes or meditations
collection of Lord's prayers in English which are supposed to be based on Aramaic.
- Neil Douglas-Klotz's original
- Oh you, breathing life in all, origin of the gleaming sound, you shine in us and around us, even the darkness glows when we remember.
Help us to draw a holy breath, in which we feel only you and my your sound ring in us and purify us.
May your counsel rule our lives and make our intentions clear for the common creation.
May the burning wish of your heart unify heaven and earth through our harmony.
Grant us daily the bread and insight that we need: what is necessary for the call of growing life.
Release the cords of the errors that bind us, as we let go off that which binds us to the faults of others.
Do not let superficial things lead us astray, but instead free us from that which holds us back.
From you comes the all-effective will, the living strenght to act, the song that beautifies everything and which renews itself form age to age.
True vitality to these testimonies! May they be the ground out of which all my actions grow. Sealed in trust and faith. Amen - Dancing with the Aramaic Jesus
- This one adds a few bits, presumably to fit the music.
1. Abwoon d'bwashmaya. O Birther! Father Mother of the Cosmos, you create all that moves in light.
Allaha Allah Elohim Elat ~ Names of Oneness in the Native Middle Eastern Christian, Islamic, Hebrew and Great Goddess traditions.
2. Nethqadash shehmakh. Help us let go, clear the space inside of busy forgetfulness, so the Name comes to live.
3. Teytey malkuthakh. Create your reign of unity now-through our fiery hearts and willing hands.
4. Nehwey tzevyanach aykanna d'bwashmaya aph b'arha. Your one desire then acts with ours, as in all light, so in all forms. 5. Abwoon Abwoon Abwoon Hayy. O Birther! O Life! a chant sealing the intention of the first half of the prayer and asking for the empowerment to carry it out in our lives.
6. Hawvlan lachma d'sunqanan yaomana. Grant what we need each day in bread and insight: subsistence for the call of growing life.
7. Washboqlan khaubayn (wakhtahayn) aykana daph khnan shbwoqan 1'khayyabayn. Loose the cords of mistakes binding us, as we release the strands we hold of others' guilt.
8. Wela tahlan l'nesyuna. Don't let surface things delude us.
9. Ela patzan min bisha. But free us from what holds us back (from our true purpose).
10. Metol dilakhie malkutha wahayla wateshbukhta l'ahlam almin. From you is born all ruling will, the life and the power to do, the song which beautifies all, from age to age it renews.
11. Ameyn. Truly-power to these statements- may they be the source from which all my actions grow. Sealed in trust & faith. Amen. - 'Translated' by Mark Hathaway
- O cosmic Birther of all radiance and vibration!
Soften the ground of our being
and carve out a space within us
where your Presence can abide.
Fill us with your creativity
so that we may be empowered
to bear the fruit of our mission.
Let each of our actions bear fruit
in accordance with our desire.
Endow us with the wisdom to produce
and share what each being needs
to grow and flourish.
Untie the tangled threads of destiny
that bind us,
as we release others from
the entanglement of past mistakes.
Do not let us be seduced by that which would
divert us from our true purpose
but illuminate the opportunities
of the present moment.
For you are the ground and the fruitful vision,
the birth power and the fulfilment,
as all is gathered
and made whole once again. - The mystical prayer of Jeshua
- O Breathing Life, your Name shines everywhere!
Release a space to plant your Presence here.
Envision your "I Can" now.
Embody your desire in every light and form.
Grow through us this moment's bread and wisdom.
Untie the knots of failure binding us, as we release the strands we hold of others' faults.
Help us not forget our Source, yet free us from not being in the Present.
From you arises every Vision, Power and Song, from gathering to gathering.
Amen - May our future actions grow from here! - The Lord's Prayer Translated from t'Oringinal Aramaic
- Reported at Benvolio's e-hyper domain space arena circus forum
A further paraphrase being passed off as a translation. This one's a bit more conservative and less indebted to esoteric philosophy. Here's a snippet:
"Our Father, who is throughout the universe.
let your name be set apart and holy."
But even here, we can see the 'throughout the universe' elides the transcendence of 'in heaven' ... perhaps not what was intended. - A 'translation' by Matthew Fox
- Posting on Olive Spiral - green Christianity
- Abwoon - Wikisource
- 1 The Lord's Prayer in Aramaic1.1 The version in Jewish Aramaic used by Talmidi Jews
2 The Lord's Prayer in Syriac2.1 From the Syriac Peshitta [Aramaic translations of the Gospels] of Matthew 6:9-13
# 2.2 The version used in the Syriac Orthodox Church - Syriac gospels translate from Greek
- In Matt 3:7, John calls those Pharisees and Sadducees who have come out to him "brood of vipers." The Syriac word for "viper" is simply a transliteration of the Greek echidna, and is not the Hebrew/Aramaic nachash that is used in the Old Testament. ... the use of the Greek loan-word echidna rather than the Semitic nachash argues for the Syriac version being a translation from a Greek original. The Semitic term does not appear in the New Testament, though it was frequently used in the Targums and rabbinic literature. If the writings of the New Testament had appeared originally in Aramaic or Hebrew, it is unlikely that a Greek loan-word would have been used in preference to a perfectly good Semitism.
The Lord's Prayer in Syriac
using Syriac script
This is the language used by many Orthodox Christians in the middle East Great Aramaic Lord's prayer Stuff on CafePress
If you like the image at the introduction of this lens
Tee-shirts, mugs, magnets and bags with the Lord's Prayer in Aramaic
Abwun d'bashmaya Large Mug
Lord's prayer in Aramaic
Price: 13.00
Abwun d'bashmaya Mug
Contemplate the Lord's prayer in Aramaic as you drink
Price: 12.00
Abwun d'bashmaya Sweatshirt
Lord's prayer in Aramaic
Price: 35.00
Great Stuff on Amazon
Amazon's idea of what might interest someone who looks at this lens.
Holy Bible: From the Ancient Eastern Text: George M. Lamsa's Translation From the Aramaic of the Peshitta
Amazon Price: $25.88 (as of 12/01/2009)
My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq
Amazon Price: $16.35 (as of 12/01/2009)
The Strongest NASB Exhaustive Concordance (Strongest Strong's)
Amazon Price: $30.39 (as of 12/01/2009)
A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament: Based upon the Lexical Work of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner
Amazon Price: $26.40 (as of 12/01/2009)
Blessings of the Cosmos: Benedictions from the Aramaic Words of Jesus
Amazon Price: $12.89 (as of 12/01/2009)
Great Stuff on CafePress
This will show you cafe press stuff that may relate to 'Aramaic Lord's prayer'. I can't endorse any of it but my own! But there may be somethnig useful to you.
Further ideas
Spin-offs from the renditions inspired by the Aramaic
- Mysteries of the Divine Heart of God
- Rosary using the Douglas-Klotz free-rendition
Stuff on eBay
Ebay's pick's relating to this site.
Fetching new data from eBay now... please stand by
by andii
A degree in linguistics and postgrads in theology. contribute to this interest in the Aramaic Lord's prayer. It also reflects a long and growing... (more)
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