ACTH and Related Peptide Sequences Products
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ACTH and Related Peptide Sequences
ACTH and Related Peptide Sequences
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex.
Related peptides
The six related peptides include smaller biologically active fragments (hormones) which are derived from a common precursor by differential processing of the pro-opiomelanocortin polyprotein (POMC) viz. ACTH, corticotrophin like intermediate lobe protein [CLIP], ß-endorphin, gamma-lipotropin [yLPH], met-encephalin and alpha-melanotropin [aMSH]1.
Discovery
The properties of ACTH were first investigated in the 1930s. In 1933, research groups headed by James Collip, Herbert Evans and Bemardo Houssay used pituitary extracts to stimulate the adrenal cortex. American biochemist Choh Hao Li was one of several scientists who isolated ACTH in 1943 and synthesized it in 1963.
Structural characteristics
ACTH has a molecular weight of 4541.3 K Da2. It is a straight-chain peptide molecule consisting of 39 amino. The first 24 and last 7 amino acids are identical and there are minor differences in amino acids 25 through 32. Only the first 20 amino acids are required for full activity, referred as active centre.
Mechanism of action
ACTH enters the systemic circulation and binds to specific high affinity receptors located on the surface of adrenal cortical cells and the skin. ACTH receptor is a seven membrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptor3, which upon ligand binding undergoes conformation changes that stimulate the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP and subsequent activation of protein kinase A. The activation of protein kinase A ultimately results in stimulation of steroidogenesis.
Function
ACTH's principal function is to stimulate the cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete a group of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens steroids. Glucocorticoid hormones control the body's use of sugar and also help regulate biological functions during stressful moments. It stimulates the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, the precursor of all steroid hormones. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, hepatitis and to relieve pain. They play a major role in memory processing, by facilitating essential protein synthesis at sites specific for the memory4.
References
1.Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Mosier C, Hwang SR, Beuschlein F, Lichtenauer UD, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V (2008). Major role of cathepsin L for producing the Peptides hormones ACTH, beta-endorphin, and alpha-MSH, illustrated by protease gene knockout and expression. J Biol Chem., 283(51):35652-35659.
2.Lee TH, Lerner AB, Buettner-Janusch V (1961). On the structure of human corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone). J. Biol. Chem., 236:2970-2974.
3.Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Mortrud MT, Cone RD (1992). The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science, 257:248-1251.
4. Flood JF, Jarvik ME, Bennett EL, Orme AE (1976). Effects of ACTH Peptides fragments on memory formation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav., 5:41-51.
For more detail please visit here ACTH and Related Peptide Sequences
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex.
Related peptides
The six related peptides include smaller biologically active fragments (hormones) which are derived from a common precursor by differential processing of the pro-opiomelanocortin polyprotein (POMC) viz. ACTH, corticotrophin like intermediate lobe protein [CLIP], ß-endorphin, gamma-lipotropin [yLPH], met-encephalin and alpha-melanotropin [aMSH]1.
Discovery
The properties of ACTH were first investigated in the 1930s. In 1933, research groups headed by James Collip, Herbert Evans and Bemardo Houssay used pituitary extracts to stimulate the adrenal cortex. American biochemist Choh Hao Li was one of several scientists who isolated ACTH in 1943 and synthesized it in 1963.
Structural characteristics
ACTH has a molecular weight of 4541.3 K Da2. It is a straight-chain peptide molecule consisting of 39 amino. The first 24 and last 7 amino acids are identical and there are minor differences in amino acids 25 through 32. Only the first 20 amino acids are required for full activity, referred as active centre.
Mechanism of action
ACTH enters the systemic circulation and binds to specific high affinity receptors located on the surface of adrenal cortical cells and the skin. ACTH receptor is a seven membrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptor3, which upon ligand binding undergoes conformation changes that stimulate the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP and subsequent activation of protein kinase A. The activation of protein kinase A ultimately results in stimulation of steroidogenesis.
Function
ACTH's principal function is to stimulate the cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete a group of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens steroids. Glucocorticoid hormones control the body's use of sugar and also help regulate biological functions during stressful moments. It stimulates the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, the precursor of all steroid hormones. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, hepatitis and to relieve pain. They play a major role in memory processing, by facilitating essential protein synthesis at sites specific for the memory4.
References
1.Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Mosier C, Hwang SR, Beuschlein F, Lichtenauer UD, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V (2008). Major role of cathepsin L for producing the Peptides hormones ACTH, beta-endorphin, and alpha-MSH, illustrated by protease gene knockout and expression. J Biol Chem., 283(51):35652-35659.
2.Lee TH, Lerner AB, Buettner-Janusch V (1961). On the structure of human corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone). J. Biol. Chem., 236:2970-2974.
3.Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Mortrud MT, Cone RD (1992). The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science, 257:248-1251.
4. Flood JF, Jarvik ME, Bennett EL, Orme AE (1976). Effects of ACTH Peptides fragments on memory formation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav., 5:41-51.
For more detail please visit here ACTH and Related Peptide Sequences
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About BSI
"The use of state-of-the art technology has allowed Bio-Synthesis, Inc. to rapidly gain recognition for its manufacturing quality & dependability of delivery."
Founded in 1984, Bio-Synthesis, Inc. was first known as OCS Laboratories. It was the first producer of commercially available synthetic DNA and, in 1985, became a producer of synthetic peptides. In 1989, OCS incorporated as Bio-Synthesis, Inc. and moved its laboratories to Lewisville, Texas. Today, BSI occupies 10,000 square feet of modern laboratory space (completed in 1995) located 20 miles from downtown Dallas and 10 miles from D/FW airport. Among the surrounding academic institutions are: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School (12 miles), University of North Texas (10 miles), and University of North Texas Health Science Center (25 miles). These universities provide excellent library resources. Since its inception, BSI has steadily expanded its product lines and services to meet the growing needs of the molecular biology community. It has maintained its position as an aggressive, innovative company in a highly competitive marketplace without sacrificing quality. In the beginning, our primary emphasis was on synthesizing high quality DNA primers and linkers, which were the initial uses of oligos. Today, newer technologies, such as gene construction, PCR, mutagenesis, combinatorial libraries, dye/adduct labeling, DNA microarrays, peptide-nucleic acid chimeras, etc. have challenged the molecular biology field. In response, BSI has branched into several related areas including DNA paternity testing, DNA HLA typing, PNA synthesis, genomic sequencing, fluorescence-based genotyping, custom organic synthesis and other molecular biology based applications.
The Research and Development Division comprises a number of Ph.D. and M.D. professionals with backgrounds in molecular biology, immunology, nucleic acids, peptide synthesis, general organic chemistry, and automated amino acid sequencing. The Molecular Biology Division is set up to handle most modern experimental procedures; the Immunology Division specializes in immunodiagnostic-based reagents.
Not only has BSI continued to provide quality DNA products and services for the research community, but it has also become a world leader in providing custom peptide products and services. Using state-of-the-art solid phase peptide chemistries, BSI provides high quality custom peptides, performs carrier conjugations, antipeptide antibody production, antigenic peptide design, synthesis of long and/or modified peptides, MALDI TOF analysis, contract research, consultation services and more.
Biomedical researchers worldwide in universities, biotech companies, private clinics, and government agencies use products from Bio-Synthesis, Inc. in studies ranging from PCR diagnostics to cancer research and the Human Genome Project. Contact us to discover how BSI can customize products/services to suit your research requirements.
For more detail please visit our About Us
Please Contact Us :
Address: 612 E. Main street
City: Lewisville
State: Texas
Country: USA
Postal Code: 75057
Phone Number: 972-420-8505
Founded in 1984, Bio-Synthesis, Inc. was first known as OCS Laboratories. It was the first producer of commercially available synthetic DNA and, in 1985, became a producer of synthetic peptides. In 1989, OCS incorporated as Bio-Synthesis, Inc. and moved its laboratories to Lewisville, Texas. Today, BSI occupies 10,000 square feet of modern laboratory space (completed in 1995) located 20 miles from downtown Dallas and 10 miles from D/FW airport. Among the surrounding academic institutions are: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School (12 miles), University of North Texas (10 miles), and University of North Texas Health Science Center (25 miles). These universities provide excellent library resources. Since its inception, BSI has steadily expanded its product lines and services to meet the growing needs of the molecular biology community. It has maintained its position as an aggressive, innovative company in a highly competitive marketplace without sacrificing quality. In the beginning, our primary emphasis was on synthesizing high quality DNA primers and linkers, which were the initial uses of oligos. Today, newer technologies, such as gene construction, PCR, mutagenesis, combinatorial libraries, dye/adduct labeling, DNA microarrays, peptide-nucleic acid chimeras, etc. have challenged the molecular biology field. In response, BSI has branched into several related areas including DNA paternity testing, DNA HLA typing, PNA synthesis, genomic sequencing, fluorescence-based genotyping, custom organic synthesis and other molecular biology based applications.
The Research and Development Division comprises a number of Ph.D. and M.D. professionals with backgrounds in molecular biology, immunology, nucleic acids, peptide synthesis, general organic chemistry, and automated amino acid sequencing. The Molecular Biology Division is set up to handle most modern experimental procedures; the Immunology Division specializes in immunodiagnostic-based reagents.
Not only has BSI continued to provide quality DNA products and services for the research community, but it has also become a world leader in providing custom peptide products and services. Using state-of-the-art solid phase peptide chemistries, BSI provides high quality custom peptides, performs carrier conjugations, antipeptide antibody production, antigenic peptide design, synthesis of long and/or modified peptides, MALDI TOF analysis, contract research, consultation services and more.
Biomedical researchers worldwide in universities, biotech companies, private clinics, and government agencies use products from Bio-Synthesis, Inc. in studies ranging from PCR diagnostics to cancer research and the Human Genome Project. Contact us to discover how BSI can customize products/services to suit your research requirements.
For more detail please visit our About Us
Please Contact Us :
Address: 612 E. Main street
City: Lewisville
State: Texas
Country: USA
Postal Code: 75057
Phone Number: 972-420-8505
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BIO-SYNTHESIS
BIO-SYNTHESIS, INC., is a leading life science products company with over 20 years of experience in the design and synthesis of Custom Peptide, small molecules and reagents for small scale research and bulk pharmaceutical trials. Using state of the art technology in our well-equipped laboratories.
Please visit our Blog on Blogspot Bio-Synthesis
Please visit our Blog on Blogspot Bio-Synthesis
BIO-SYNTHESIS
BIO-SYNTHESIS, INC., is a leading life science products company with over 20 years of experience in the design and synthesis of Custom Peptide, small molecules and reagents for small scale research and bulk pharmaceutical trials. Using state of the art technology in our well-equipped laboratories.
Please visit our Blog on Blogspot Bio-Synthesis
Please visit our Blog on Blogspot Bio-Synthesis
Custom Antibody
As a leading supplier of genomic and proteomic research products, BSI is able to offer its customers integrated solutions for custom DNA synthesis, custom RNA synthesis, custom polyclonal antibody production, custom peptide synthesis, molecular diagnostic detection kits, DNA Real-Time PCR products, DNA microarray services and a wide range of custom DNA-based diagnostic kits and consumables.
The proteomic division is experienced in the design of peptides, both for antibody production and bioactive peptide synthesis, e.g cosmetic peptides. While the custom peptide synthesis division has the ability to produce thousands of modified or non-modified peptides per day for research applications, BSI also provides diagnostic/therapeutic GMP custom peptide production. Synthesis of custom peptides results in quantities ranging from milligrams to multi-kilograms. The staff in the custom antibody division provide expert support in the selection of peptide antigens for target antibody production and offer convenient custom-bundled packages with a wide range of host animals. In addition, peptide, antibody and protein arrays are also amongst its expertise.
BSI is a U.S. based company whose primary emphasis is on the synthesis of high quality custom products for a variety of applications and a full-service contract manufacturing organization (CMO) delivering research, development and production services for cGMP clinical batch manufacturing.
BIO-SYNTHESIS
BIO-SYNTHESIS, INC., is a leading life science products company with over 20 years of experience in the design and synthesis of Custom Peptide, small molecules and reagents for small scale research and bulk pharmaceutical trials. Using state of the art technology in our well-equipped alaboratories.
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