Introduction to Backpacking South America

The eighth largest country in the world should be one of your main priorities when backpacking South America. Both the urban and the rural jungle are a sight to see. It was one of the richest countries in South America in the 1800s, so little wonder why their cities, most especially the capital, Buenos Aires, are opulent treasures. Although Buenos Aires is probably the most vibrant and exciting of all South America tourist attractions and should definitely be reason for a long stay when backpacking South America, hidden treasures can also be found in other areas such as Mendoza, which has beautiful vineyards, La Plata, known as the 'Perfect City', and Salta.

Language: Argentina was under Spanish rule until 1816, so their main language is Spanish with a unique accent. Try to learn a few key phrases when backpacking South America.

Main Attraction: Apart from their thriving cities where a South America tourist should most definitely visit, Argentina also has Iguazu Falls, one of the most powerful natural wonders to behold, falling from multiple cliffs and jungles and ideal for walking tours and treks. There's also the Perito Moreno Glacier where the El Calafate, a small tourist-infested town is found and should be a stop when backpacking South America. You can also trek through the Ibera wetlands or ski in the Andes during your South America holidays.

Rules of Etiquette: Argentinians are heavily Spanish-influenced; however, due to the influx of Italian immigrants, their language and culture have ingrained a unique mix of both. Many speak with their hands like Italians do and insults are meant as terms of endearments. So, when backpacking South America, don't go into a rampage when somebody addresses you as loco (crazy), boludo (big balls) or gordo (fat), okay?

Image by by Robert Ostmann on Flickr

When backpacking South America, you will definitely not miss Brazil as it is the largest country on the continent. Backpacking South America, especially Brazil, will also help you discover the influence of music in their culture. Brazil, along with other South American countries, is very musical and bossa nova, choro, and samba are used as ways to express their culture. Even the martial arts practice, capoeira, is a heavily musical practice.

Language: Portuguese

Main Attraction: Brazil is mainly famous for its bustling metropolis where one can get easily lost in the sea of people. The people themselves are the main attraction as they have a deep love for life. They spend their Sundays with friends, watching football, going to the beaches, barbecuing and the like. Their annual carnaval which moves from city to city from February to March are also great attractions for the South America tourist.

Rules of Etiquette: Brazilians use a lot of body movements to indicate something. To show someone you appreciate their food, you can stroke your lips with the index finger and snap it to say it's delicious. Never put your pointer finger in front of your mouth to indicate hush as many find this quite insulting. This is equivalent to saying 'Shut up' quite harshly.

Image by deepsouthproject on Flickr

Colombia is one of the most refreshing countries in South America, literally, as a good part of it is facing the sea. While parts of Colombia are still prone to civil conflict, the situation has improved significantly and many who are backpacking South America enjoy a safe, enjoyable trip. Along with vibrant cities, music-infused nights, and gorgeous scenery, Colombia has some of the most beautiful pueblos and friendliest people on the continent.

Language: Spanish is considered the official language, although there are trickles of indigenous dialects in some areas.

Main Attraction: Bogota, its capital, is a must see for those backpacking South America. It's a large cosmopolitan city that's similar to Mexico City in size. La Candelaria, its downtown, is also the most historically significant area. One can see lots of old churches, museums and architectural greats in the area. Other popular South America tourist attractions include Salento, a small village in the country's coffee region, Cali, the salsa capital, and Cartagena and the Atlantic coast.

Rules of Etiquette: Colombians are fun-loving people. Like Brazilians, they like to socialize, party, and dance. They have one of the most exciting nightlife scenes, so don't forget to go out when backpacking South America. There are very little rules to go by although it is always helpful to be polite whenever interacting with the locals.

Ecuador, a name that indicates its location which is right on the equator, is a beautiful country full of historical sites worth a visit when backpacking South America. For those who wish to relax and rejuvenate themselves while backpacking South America, there is Baños, which means bath. The name is derived from the hydrothermal springs surrounding the town. For those who wish to take in the country's colonial vibe whilst backpacking South America, there's always Loja, the oldest colonial city in Ecuador, where one can find historic churches, parks, squares and museums.

Language: Spanish is the main language, although there are also a few dialects still utilized such as Quechua.

Main Attraction: Ecuador seems to be a favorite for UNESCO as there are several heritage sites found and preserved here. One of these worth the trek whilst backpacking South America is Cotopaxi, the world's highest active volcano. The Galapagos is an internationally recognized site where wildlife such as penguins, tortoises, and iguanas live. It is famous for being one of the stops of famed scientist, Charles Darwin.

Peru is a rich country in terms of its culture and tradition. It is also naturally abundant in mountains, therefore, hiking is one of the main activities that should be experienced when backpacking South America. Huaraz is a hiker's paradise. Other treks include the Cordillera Blanca and the Colca Canyon.

Language: Most of the city dwellers speak Spanish, but many who live in the high mountains and agricultural areas speak Quechua and Aymara.

Main Attraction: Although Peru doesn't have particularly strong historic preservation, they have managed to keep many Inca traditions alive in their rural mountains. The Incan ruins are Peru's main attractions and are must visits when backpacking South America. Do visit Machu Picchu and its beautiful llamas, Sacsayhuaman and La Alpaca. Peru is also a great stop when you cruise South America.

Rules of Etiquette: Peruvians tend to follow a very slow-paced lifestyle, so if you happen to be used to Western efficiency, don't bark at those who don't practice it when you're backpacking South America. Service may be slow but people are generally friendly and willing to help. Also when you're a South America tourist, do not take offense with the word gringo. This is just a general way of referring to white people and foreigners in Peru.

Image by Agência de Notícias do Acre on Flickr