The American Black Vulture

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The Scavenger

The American Black Vulture is a scavenger, feeding off the remains of dead domestic and wild animals. Dependent on its sense of smell to locate the carcasses, a fresh kill will not always attract its attention. If the carcass has been left in the open for a day or more, the Black Vulture will be there.

Description 

The Black Vulture is a large bird measuring between 20 and 26 inches in length and has a wingspan of close to 5 feet. Its plumage is a glossy black, but its head is gray and featherless. Its legs are grayish-white and it has 2 long front toes. As with most vultures, the Black Vulture's feet are weak and its talons blunt. Awkward on the ground, it is more likely to hop than try to walk.

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Range and Habitat 

The Black Vulture is frequently seen in the warmer parts of the western hemisphere, it is rarely seen in the mountains and deserts. They occur in large numbers around towns and cities in tropical and subtropical areas, where garbage is readily available.

They prefer open areas interspersed with stands of trees or brush. They can also be found in moist lowland forests, grasslands, wetlands, and swamps.

The Black Vulture will often defecate on its own legs, using evaporation of the water in the feces to cool itself.

Mating and Nesting Habits 

The American Black Vulture's breeding season varies depending on the latitude at which they live. Black Vultures residing in the southern regions will start breeding as early as January but in the northern areas they rarely start before March.

Pairs are formed following a courtship ritual. Several males will circle a female with their wings spread, strutting about and bobbing their heads. When the courtship ritual takes to the air, they will dive and chase each other over nest sites.

Black Vultures do not build nests. The eggs are simply laid on the ground in a wooded area or cavity. A clutch usually consists of 1 to 3 grayish-green oval eggs. Both parents take a turn at incubating the eggs. After 28 to 41 days, the eggs hatch and the hatchlings emerge. They are covered with white down and remain in the nest for another two months while both parents continue to provide them with a delectable diet of regurgitated food.

Unlike the Turkey Vulture, the Black Vulture will forage in groups using numbers to drive the competition away from a carcass.

Diet 

The American Black Vulture is a scavenger and feed on carrion (the remains of dead animals), but it will also eat eggs or kill newborn animals. In populated areas it will also feed at garbage dumps and dumpsters. The Black Vulture has keen eyesight but usually finds its meal by smell. A carcass that has been dead for a few days is more likely to catch its attention than a fresh kill.

In captivity the Black Vulture can live up to thirty years but rarely lives beyond 5 years in the wild.

Flight 

The American Black Vulture soars high while searching for food. It flaps its wings in short bursts followed by short periods of gliding.

They are a fairly common sight in our neighborhood. I'll see a flock of them circling almost every day,

The Raptor Almanac 

The Raptor Almanac: A Comprehensive Guide to Eagles, Hawks, Falcons, and Vultures

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Few people, writes Scott Weidensaul, are apathetic toward raptors. Once you've seen a hawk or a falcon or an eagle in action, you're likely to take an interest in how these great birds of prey make their homes in the world. The Weidensaul's encyclopedic guidebook to the world's principal raptor species, well illustrated with photographs, maps, and charts and full of detailed information, is an ideal companion.

Voice 

The Black Vulture is largely silent due to the fact that it does not have a syrinx, a vocal organ. When annoyed it will hiss, but you have to be close to hear it.

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Have you seen any interesting birds lately? 

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About the Author 

Lensmaster ElizabethJeanAllen has been a member since March 16 2008, has rated 4,034 lenses, favorited 445, and has created 204 lenses from scratch. Lizzy Jean donates their royalties to Squidoo Charity Fund. This member's top-ranked page is "2009 Hallmark Keepsake Ornaments". See all my lenses

101 Ways to Help Birds 

101 Ways to Help Birds

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101 Ways to Help Birds offers 101 ways for individuals to help birds and bird populations as a whole, and it explains how these actions make a difference. Any bird lover knows that birds and animals alike need our help. Without it, we will lose more and we've lost enough as it is.

Resources used to construct this page. 

Dunn, J.L. & Alderfer, J., Editors. 2006. National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America, Fifth Edition. National Geographic Society.

Peterson, T.P. & Peterson, V.M. 2002. Birds of Eastern and Central North America, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, N.Y.

Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology
Seattle Audubon Society
Carolina Raptor Center
Western North Carolina Nature Center

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