"It still pays to watch your step in turbulent Chad." source - Lonely Planet
Geography: Central Africa, south of Libya
Climate: tropical in south, desert in north
Terrain: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south.
The economy is based on agriculture, forestry and fishing. However the industries also include oil, cotton textiles, beer brewing and meat packing.
Map of Chad, Africa Photographic Print
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Chad in the Spotlight
21st Century Complete Guide to Chad - Encyclopedic Coverage, Country Profile, History, DOD, State Dept., White House, CIA Factbook (Two CD-ROM Set)
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Completely updated and revised for this new edition, our unique electronic book on two CD-ROMs has an amazing collection of the finest federal documents and resources about Chad, providing encyclopedic coverage of all aspects of the country.
Release Date: 01/18/2007
Chad Culture
Classes and Castes. In modern Chad, social stratification is seen in the emergent class of big traders, landowners and government people (who invest in property, industry, and livestock keeping); the large majority of common peasants and pastoralists, fighting for survival with little means; and a small but vocal urban working class of some sixty thousand. There is no clear-cut division of elites according to regional provenance; for example, the elite does not consist only of northerners. Since the 1970s, membership in a successful armed movement could serve as a way to social advancement, since the resources of the state were then within reach.
Many societies in Chad traditionally have different low-prestige occupational castes, such as hunters, potters, tanners, and blacksmiths ( haddad ). There are also groups of slave descendants that live in pockets of the north, such as the Kadjidi near Lake Chad, and the Kamadja, who form relatively self-contained communities and do not inter-marry with their Tubu masters/employers. A similar group in the south are the Yalna in the Salamat region. Modern education, social change, and the mobilizing effect of the armed movements have partially invalidated traditional prejudices and divisions relating to caste membership.
Read more: Culture of Chad - traditional, history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, family, social, dress, marriage, men, life, population, religion, rituals, History and ethnic relations http://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Chad.html#ixzz0bbKPqnQK
Chad (Cultures of the World)
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Camel Caravan Traveling East, Chad, Africa
Don't head for Africa without Africa on a Shoestring in your pack
Lonely Planet Africa on a Shoestring
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Africa on a Shoestring is a great guide, with information on places to stay and what to see, for travelers who don't want to spend a fortune and aren't afraid to get out and actually experience the local culture.
Chad, Africa
Great Chad Stuff
Chad Country Study Guide
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Chad: A Nation In Search Of Its Future (Nations of the Modern World: Africa)
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Historical Dictionary of Chad
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Chad Links
In the twentieth century, Chad's trade position steadily declined, the only major trade items being cotton and livestock. Food imports are very limited, except in times of drought. Raw cotton generates over 65 percent of export revenues, while livestock exports account for another 20 percent of revenue. Minor additional exports are dates, rice, meat, gum arabic, and natron.
Read more: Culture of Chad - traditional, history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, family, social, dress, marriage, men, life, population, religion, rituals, History and ethnic relations http://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Chad.html#ixzz0bbKcEpTP
- International Network for Higher Education in Africa - Chad
- Provides a brief overview of the history, current enrollment, governance, administration, research and publications of the country's higher education institutions.
- Country Profile of Chad
- Chad is rich in gold and uranium and stands to benefit from its recently-acquired status as an oil-producing state.
- Lonely Planet - Chad
- Good tips for traveling to Chad
Chad information - Learn
Chad (, Tsh?d), officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".
Chad is divided into three major geographical regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara, and N'Djamena, (formerly Fort-Lamy), the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam and Christianity are the most widely practiced religions.
Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa.
In 1960 Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Recently, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad.
While many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état (see Battle of N'Djamena (2006) and Battle of N'Djamena (2008)).
The country is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; most Chadians live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.
2003: Chad celebrates oil potential
Export pipeline is more than 1,000km long
By law, 80% of oil income must go to education, health, development
October 2003 the news report was this:
Chad has celebrated its entry into the world of oil exporters with a ceremony in N'Djamena.
Oil has already begun flowing from Chad's oil fields through a 1,000km pipe for export from Cameroon.
"We maintained our long-term focus on this project over 27 years of effort and changes in the consortium and helped turn a vision in 1976 into a reality....we are proud of what has been accomplished," said Morris Foster, president of ExxonMobil Development Company which led the multi-billion dollar project.
On Thursday, Chadian President Idriss Deby tried to counter fears that the country's new-found oil wealth may be mismanaged.
President Deby pledged that the cash will be used responsibly, saying the country's coming oil wealth "should not divert us from our usual economic activities."
"We must build a modern and working Chad together," he added.
The new $3.7bn (£2.2bn) oil facilities are expected to boost the impoverished West African nation's revenues by at least $2bn over the next 25 years.
-------------------------------
News for 2006 January - President Deby backs a law to reduce the amount of oil money spent on development. The move angers the World Bank, which suspends loans and orders the freezing of the bank account used to collect oil revenues.
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Travel Journal Chad by E Locken
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Shadows Across the Sahara: Travels with Camels from Lake Chad to Tripoli by John Hare
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I Love Chad Mug
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Africa's Thirty Years' War: Chad-libya-the Sudan, 1963-1993 by J. Millard Burr, Robert O Collins
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Chad: A Nation In Search Of Its Future (Nations of the Modern World: Africa) by Mario Azevedo, Emmanuel Nnadozie
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Mao Africa Chad Sultan Montmartre French Print 1932
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