Cone Shells -- Beautiful Beachside Danger

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Yup--These Animals Have Harpoons with Venom! Be Very Careful When Handling Live Ones!

Don't let its size or the fact that it resembles a "snail" fool you--a cone shell has the stealth, speed, and deadliness of a stealth fighter! 

It's always a thrill to find a beautiful shell when you are walking along the beach or snorkeling or SCUBA diving. Believe me--I've had the experience of finding beautiful shells either on the beach or in the warm waters of a coral reef.


Cone Shell, Underwater, Chinas Southern Sea, Pacific Ocean


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But how you handle that shell if you decide to pick it up could be the difference between life and death--namely, yoursYour death, that is.

When most folks think about molluscs--snails, if you wish--they think of slow-moving docile critters that may be tasty as the French "escargot" or the tasty abalone

But one family of shells has the stealth, speed, and deadliness of a stealth fighter--the cone shells.  Not all cone shells are deadly--but they all are capable of zapping with a venom-laden harpoon.

Some of the videos included below illustrate the stealth, the speed, and the deadliness of these animals.

I remember a story from when I lived on Guam.... where folks found a sailor dead on a Guam beach one morning. At first, foul play was suspected--the sailor had been on shore-leave from a visiting Navy ship.

However, after medical examiners started their "Crime Scene Investigation"--and had removed the sailor's clothes to perform an autopsy to figure out the cause of death--they found a surprising twist. A small shell dropped out of the sailor's shirt pocket.  The shell was a dead cone shell.  Evidently, the sailor had been stung by the animal before the animal died.

The shell has caused the demise of many amateur collectors--and even expert shell collectors who let their guard down and got careless.

Pacific Islanders treat the animals with great respect. They pick up the shells only by the broad end and never carry the live animals in anything less than metal or glass or wood containers.

When we lived on Guam, we heard stories of islanders who had been hauling in a fishing net and who got stung by a cone shell that had been on the net. We heard that the islander would immediately pull out a machete and lop off the stung appendage. To the islanders, going without a hand or arm was better than dying of paralysis?

 

 

Just When You Thought It Was Safe To Go Back In The Water... Forget Jaws... Worry About DARTS!

cone snail
by ishiguroray | video info

90 ratings | 113,948 views
curated content from YouTube

Some Shells Have Teeth--Cones Have Harpoons! These are called "Radula" by Biologists.

With most snails and other molluscs, the radula teeth are attached to something like a tongue with which the snail scrapes or rasps against food substances to "lap up their food". (If you want to see a mollusc's "tongue" in action--watch one of the marine snails creeping up the side of an aquarium--you'll be able to see it open its mouth and "lick" the algae off the side of the glass.)
Marbled Cone Shells


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Cones, however, have a venom gland connected to each of their loosely-attached teeth. When they position the "tooth", which even has a barbed point like a harpoon, at the end of their proboscis, and then force a blast of water through the proboscis--it propels the "harpoon" with enough speed to penetrate skin.

Cone Images--So You'll Recognize Them If You See Them On a Beach or In the Water!

textile cone shell by leafbug
CIMG3946 Textile Cone Shell on Fire Coral by Tim Sheerman-Chase
curated content from Flickr

The Venom.... With Some Species of Cone Shells, Strong Enough to Kill an Elephant in 3 Minutes!

Some of books on these shells recommend treating victims of cone shell stings as one would a snake bite. Namely, the victim should be rushed to a hospital (of course, in many places where you'd find these things, there aren't very many medical facilities within even a 747's reach).

Cone Shells


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One case of cone-shell sting in Apia, Western Samoa, was treated with Anthisan and adrenalin--which alleviated the chest-constriction but still took three months for recovery from the paralysis.

But, depending on the species that delivered the sting--it can be as mild as a bee-sting or quicker acting and more deadly than cobra venom. Not something to take chances with.

The Safest Way to Pick Up a Cone Shell or Two!

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But There's Also Good News! Cone Venom Also Has Positive Medical Uses!

As early as 1967, cone venom was found to assist in heart operations when it was administered in measured doses to aid as a muscle relaxant.

Since cone stings are still common in Australia and Asia, a lot of research still continues in how the venom of cone shells works. Lots of stuff to still learn!

Head-first, Tail-first, the fish gets eaten!

Cone Snail_Eating_Fish
by crispb4u | video info

48 ratings | 146,437 views
curated content from YouTube

Read Up On Shells--You May Have to Shell Out a Bit, But It's Worth It!

Cone Shells of New Caledonia and Vanuatu

Cone Shells of New Caledonia and Vanuatu

French and English text. Full color plates face te more...0 points

Links With More Information About Marine Life!

University of Guam Marine Laboratory
I worked at the University of Guam Marine Laboratory as a workstudy student and then also as a research aide when I was working on getting a degree in Marine Biology. I learned a lot about the shells here.

Animated Diagram Showing Shell's Harpoon!

Conotoxin
by katyImpala | video info

22 ratings | 34,129 views
curated content from YouTube

Don't Dart Away! Drop a Note (No Poison-Pen Letters, However!)

  • bejeezers Jan 19, 2012 @ 5:31 pm | delete
    Used to collect shells as a young boy. Always fascinating,
  • Mermaiden Oct 9, 2011 @ 8:36 am | delete
    Shell collecting is one of my passions (I probably have about 5,000 shells!). On the west coast of Florida the alphabet cone is the most commonly found cone shell.
  • FelicityLuckey Nov 4, 2010 @ 4:59 pm | delete
    Wow! I was a scuba-diving instructor many years ago and I had no idea that these pretty "shells" were deadly! Excellent lens! I'll remember your words and re-read this lens when I go swimming or diving next.
  • Oosquid Nov 1, 2010 @ 2:11 pm | delete
    Wow! Who'd have thought it. Thanks for the warning, killer shells is something I'd not heard of. Interesting lens.
  • Tipi Nov 1, 2010 @ 12:13 am | delete
    Beautiful shells aren't they Dave? I have some on a shelf in my office. Love the look and fell of them.
  • mukunda22 Sep 23, 2010 @ 10:40 pm | delete
    Excellent beginnig guide to sea shells! Thank you!
  • CCGAL Sep 11, 2010 @ 10:55 am | delete
    Wow - I had no idea that such lovely shells harbored such a deadly threat. Once again, you've opened my eyes to something I didn't know existed. I so enjoy learning from your lenses!
  • randyradley Jan 19, 2010 @ 2:16 pm | delete
    I still have a pristine set of 7 deadly cones that I collected live from the waters off Guam in the early 1970's. I am seeking a reputable resource for purchasing shells. There used to be a place on Guam called Shells of Micronesia, bet recent searches failed to turn it up. Any suggestions?
  • EditorDave Feb 12, 2011 @ 11:02 pm | delete
    Yes. I remember the "Shells of Micronesia" place along Marine Drive in Tamuning/Agana (Hagatna). They probably went out of business a bunch of years ago (I was on Guam between 1969 and 1981). For selling your cones, it probably depends on where you are. If in Hawaii, Guam, or coastal areas, you have a better chance. Otherwise, your best bet might be eBay. I have an extensive shell collection that I sort of used when I was a biology (marine biology) major at the University of Guam for some of my reference work.
  • naturegirl7 Dec 5, 2008 @ 4:35 pm | delete
    This is another one that I knew nothing about. Great lens. Welcome to the Naturally Native Squids group. Don't forget to add your lens link to the appropriate plexo and vote for it.
  • Classic Nov 25, 2007 @ 12:50 pm | delete
    You did it again! Surprising and packed with information! Happy Holidays! :o)

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EditorDave

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The Compendium of Cone Shells! 

Cone Shells of New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Cones de Nouvelle-Caledonie et du Vanuatu

Amazon Price: $81.00 (as of 05/29/2012)Buy Now

If you are a serious beach walker, snorkeler, scuba diver, or marine biologist, this book will give you the information you need to identify these critters when you find them!

A classic book for folks interested in the cone shells of Thailand! 

Cone Shells of Thailand

Amazon Price: $110.47 (as of 05/29/2012)Buy Now

This book provides a lot of information on the various species of cone shells found in the waters of Thailand! If you are interested in the shells of the world--particularly the cone shells--this is a book you must have!

This is the only way to safely hold one (no-one is home inside the shell!) 

Large Conus Litteratus Seashell Letter Cone Shell

Amazon Price: $4.00 (as of 05/29/2012)Buy Now

If you don't want to be stung, but you're interested in holding one of these things... then this may be the safest way to do it. This is only the shell (not the animal that lives inside it)... so you don't have to be worried about being zapped!