Deadly and Dangerous Snakes of Latin America
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These are the Most Dangerous Venomous Snakes of Central and South America
There are many species of venomous snakes in Central and South America which deserve respect and attention. The snakes I have chosen here are responsible for a great loss of human life, especially in remote areas where antvenin may not be available. These are aggressive and excitable snakes who will strike with very little provocation.
As in other areas of the world, such as India and Africa, agricultural workers suffer the most confrontations and subsequent bites. Several of these snakes also frequent villages and urban areas in search of rodents, which are in turn attracted by human garbage.
The snakes I have chosen as most dangerous from this region include:
1). Fer De Lance
2). Bushmaster
3). Tropical Rattlesnake
(Picture of Fer De Lance)
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Dangerous But Important to the Eco-system!
Although these snakes may pose a danger to humans, they are an essential part of their local eco-systems. They are responsible for controlling the population of rodents, which are far more dangerous to humans, since they carry disease and destroy vast amounts of grain and food.
These are snakes to be RESPECTED and avoided, but should NEVER be killed indiscriminately! These amazing reptiles should be protected and left alone to do their job.
The Fer De Lance
Large population of these snakes distributed widely throughout Central and South America
1). Fer De Lance - (Bothrops atrox)
The Fer De Lance is an extremely dangerous snake and is the deadliest found in Latin America. It is widespread and found throughout both Central and South America. The Fer De Lance has been reported to cause more human fatalities than any other American snake. In the past, prior to effective antivenin being developed, the bite from this snake was lethal approximately 7% of the time. It continues to be a much feared snake due to it's fast acting and extremely toxic venom. Even with prompt treatment, Fer De Lance bites frequently cause massive tissue destruction, disfigurement and disability.
The Fer De Lance typically injects on average, anywhere from 105 to 124mg, with it's bite, although yields can go as high as 310 - 342 mg. The lethal dose for a human is between 50 and 62Mg. Often times the size of the snake will determine the amount of venom injected.
The average length of an adult female Fer De Lance is 6 feet (1.5m) with male snakes slightly smaller. The female is usually a heavier snake and typically has a larger head than the male as well.
In spite of rain forest destruction, the Fer De Lance remains numerous and widely distributed in a variety of habitats throughout its range. A primarily terrestrial snake, the Fer De Lance is a capable tree climber and an excellent swimmer. Principally a nocturnal hunter, this snake is a pit viper, with heat sensing pits above and behind each nostril, which allow it to strike with deadly accuracy even at night. The Fer De Lance is also easily agitated and quick to strike, with lightening speed.
The Fer De Lance preys chiefly on rodents and other small mammals, which brings it into contact with humans on coffee and banana plantations, as well as in villages and homes. It often lies hidden and well camouflaged during the day and becomes more active in the evening hours as it hunts for prey.

Fer De Lance

Lower Leg of 11 year old boy in Equador, 2 weeks after a Fer De Lance bite. Extensive necrosis, pending amputation
Fer De Lance Poster
Bushmaster- King of the Rain Forest
Largest Pit Viper in Central and South America
2). Bushmaster - (Lachesis muta muta)
The Bushmaster, is the largest pit viper in the world and is the largest venomous snake in the New World. It often reaches lengths in excess of 6 feet with a maximum recorded length of an amazing 14 feet. It is usually thick bodied, with a triangular shaped head characteristic of the pit vipers.
This snake has a fearsome reputation for being particularly aggressive towards humans, if agitated or startled. It also has the ability to quickly strike multiple times. Fortunately, it's habitat is mainly deep rain forest, ranging from Central to South America, thus minimizing human contact. It is a snake greatly feared and respected by indigenous people in its jungle habitat.
The Bushmaster is a large snake with extremely long fangs. It delivers a large and powerful dose of hemotoxic venom which attacks the circulatory system, destroys red blood cells and leads to generalized tissue damage and organ degeneration. The bite of this snake is usually fatal, as it lives in remote areas far removed from adequate medical assistance.

Bushmaster
Venomous Snakes of Central and South America Field Guide
By Ron Braithwaite "Hummingbird God" (El Indio, Texas United States) - See all my reviews
This is a terrific reference book but, I warn you, once you look at it, you'll be nervous about stepping south of the border. This book is an exhaustive study of the venomous reptiles of Latin America. The photographs are, for the most part, excellent. I had no idea how many coral snake species there are and now know that "red and yellow kill a fellow" has no meaning in Latin America. There are many coral snakes with patterns quite at variance with the two species of the U.S.
The text is good and the geographical distribution maps, excellent. I have a personal story relating to this book. Some years ago I was in Quintana Roo when a Maya Indian I was with was bitten on the top of the foot by....something. We didn't know what it is and, at first, I didn't want to believe it was a snake. When the man started bleeding from the nose and mouth, I became a true believer. Fortunately, just on a chance it was a snake bite, I had already started driving this fellow toward medical help.
By the time we got to the clinic my man was in desperate shape with blood oozing from the tissue between his teeth. I knew that the area held four basic kinds of poisonous snakes but only knew their names in Spanish. One was a cantil, which is a Mexican water mocassin. One was a cascabel, which is a rattlesnake. One was a coral which is, of course, a coral snake. The final possibility was a "quatro naris" [four nose]. I didn't know what kind of snake a quatro naris was but I reckoned it was a pit viper without a rattle which might describe a Fer de Lance.
Before treating my Maya friend I examined the vials of antivenin and learned, to my relief, that it was effective against the four snakes named above. The intern and I, delivered a whopping dose to my man and, by the next morning, he had recovered. The miracles of anti-venin.
On returning to the states I tried to learn as much as I could and somehow reached one of the authors of this book. He told me that this book had recently been printed and went on to tell me that, symptomatically and situationally, my Maya was surely bitten by a "quatro naris" which is a Fer de Lance known technically as Bothrops asper--one of the most dangerous snakes in the world. The author had personally studied snakes in Quintana Roo and said they were abundant and aggressive and were just the kind of reptiles to strike a passerby on the foot. So I am kindly disposed to this book and its authors. It is truly unfortunate that it is out of print.
Ron Braithwaite author of novels--"Skull Rack" and "Hummingbird God"--on the Conquest of Mexico
Tropical Rattlesnake
3). Tropical Rattlesnake - (Crotalus durissus)
The tropical rattlesnake is even more deadly than it's North American relatives. It is considered extremely dangerous, due to its irritable disposition and habit of striking without warning. In addition, it possesses a very toxic venom consisting of both neurotoxic and hemotoxic elements. The subspecies, terrificus, has particularly nasty venom which attacks the occular nerves in 60% of its victims and can lead to permanent blindness and progressive paralysis.
These snakes are broadly distributed from Southern Mexico, through Central America and on into South America, south through Brazil to Argentina. The general habitat preferred by the tropical rattlesnake includes sandy locales, dry hillsides and plantations.This is a large snake of between 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1m) on average. There are 8 subspecies of this snake, which account for differences in size and coloration throughout their range.
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Tropical Rattlesnake
Tropical Rattlesnake in Captivity Feeding
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asude-ozdemir-justice
Apr 3, 2012 @ 10:17 pm | delete
- The LD50 of the Tiger Rattlesnake is 0.056 mg/kg (iV) for mice. The LD50 for a Tropical Rattlesnake is 0.17 mg/kg (?). Though the yield is less, the Tiger rattler is noticeably more toxic. A lot of these smaller rattlers toxicity were unknown until recently.
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asude-ozdemir-justice
Apr 3, 2012 @ 10:17 pm | delete
- The LD50 of the Tiger Rattlesnake is 0.056 mg/kg (iV) for mice. The LD50 for a Tropical Rattlesnake is 0.17 mg/kg (?). Though the yield is less, the Tiger rattler is noticeably more toxic. A lot of these smaller rattlers toxicity were unknown until recently.
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blackspanielgallery
Feb 18, 2012 @ 12:02 pm | delete
- Nice lens.
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liberia88
Sep 29, 2011 @ 6:53 pm | delete
- I hadn't been interested much in snakes during my walks in the countryside near Liberia, Costa Rica, until I recently met up with a hognose pit viper. Luckily, I didn't get bit. I got some video footage of it and put on a blog http://guanacastecostarica-mitierra.blogspot.com/2011/07/snake-paca-and-blue-fungi-on-rio.html. Greg McConnell, who is a herpetologist who has interest in Costa Rica snakes, helped me with the identification. He is about to publish a book on Costa Rica snakes.
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SaraBBC
Oct 14, 2009 @ 10:27 am | delete
- Hello,
I work for the BBC in England we are making a film on snake injuries at the moment. I would be very interested in using the picture of the boy's leg after a Fer De Lance snakebite. Do you hold the copyright to this image? Or do you know who does?
Thanks for your help
Sara - BBC ENTERTAINMENT 02080080216
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Resource Links to Dangerous Snakes of Latin America
- Fer-de-lance
- Fer-de-lance info
- Bothrops atrox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Fer De Lance facts and info
- Final: Venomous Snakes of Costa Rica
- Final: Venomous Snakes of Costa RicaThis discussion topic submitted by R. Jay Berenzweig (rberenzw@wvu.edu) at 3:52 pm on 5/15/01. Additions were last made on Friday, October 18, 2002. Venomous Snakes Found in Costa Rica By R. Jay Berenzweig Throughout Central America, venomous snakes are found wid
- 05/06/01 -- Paradise for pit vipers
- Paradise for pit vipers Copyright 2001, Environmental News Network
May 6, 2001
By Robin Eveleigh A deserted island where the forest floor writhes with the world's most venomous vipers. A fisherman found dead on his boat, its deck awash with his blood. A lighthouse keeper and his family massacred in - Tropical Rattlesnake characteristics, habitat, and picture - Wilderness Survival
- Tropical Rattlesnake characteristics, habitat, and picture - Wilderness Survival
- Crotalus durissus
- Tropical Rattlesnake info
- Collection and Breeding
- Matabuey
Herpetological Home
Collection/
Breeding
- Lachesis (genus) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- bushmaster info
- Bushmaster snake: Encyclopedia - Bushmaster snake
- The bushmaster (Lachesis muta) is a venomous snake of the viper family. The bushmaster inhabits forested areas and adjacent clearings of South America. Adults range in length from two to 2½ metres (seven to eight feet) and some individuals may
- Lookout Inn Lodge, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica
- bushmaster info
- Reptile Breeder Directory
- REPTILE BREEDERS
Venomous Snakes on Twitter
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- Never Make no snitch a friend, cos they are snakes: venomous and dengerous
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- I dreamt I had 3 pet snakes today one corn snake (non venomous) one boa (non venomous) and a king cobra (very venomous) and the cobra bit me
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