Drukpa Lineage

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Homage to a leader

The 800th anniversary of the Drukpa sect was celebrated with a fireworks display and the release of 800 sky lanterns

Birth of the Drukpa lineage 

TIBETAN Buddhism or the Vajrayana tradition consists of four schools - the Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu and Gelug.

The Drukpa lineage, one of the more notable sub-sects of the Kagyu school, was established in 1206 after its founder, Tsangpa Gyare (1161-1211), saw nine dragons soaring into the sky from the earth at the holy place where his guru, Lingchen Repa, had instructed him to build a monastery.

Believing it to be an auspicious sign, he promptly named his sect Druk (meaning dragon), which also refers to the sound of thunder in Tibetan. The spot where the monastery was built was named Namdruk (Sky Dragon).

Buddhism had arrived in Western Ladakh via Kashmir in the second century, when it was a part of Tibet's Kushan empire. At that time, much of eastern Ladakh and western Tibet were practising the shamanistic Bon religion.

Ladakh, a land of high passes located on one of the Silk Road networks, became an important trading centre. In 842AD, after the collapse of the Kushan empire, a member of the royal family annexed Ladakh for himself and founded an independent Ladakhi dynasty.

This dynasty spearheaded the second spread of Buddhism by inviting masters from northwest India to revive Buddhist teachings, besides sending scholars to India to acquire knowledge. Its rulers also constructed many monasteries throughout Ladakh and Tibet.

In the 12th century, the dynasty expanded its rule into present-day Nepal. However, in the next two centuries, the kingdom was invaded by the Balti-Kashmir armies, which led to the partial conversion of the predominantly Buddhist Ladakhis to Islam.

In 1470, Ladakh was reunited by the distant cousin of its then ruling king, who founded the Namgyal (meaning victorious) dynasty, which survives until today.

The dynasty helped the Drukpa lineage to establish monasteries, and successive reincarnated spiritual gurus strengthened the influence of the lineage in Ladakh.

In Bhutan, possibly the only remaining Tibetan Buddhist kingdom in the world, the lineage is the dominant school and state religion. In fact, the small Himalayan kingdom also takes the name of Druk Yul, which means "Land of the Thunder Dragon".

From the heart: A Ladakhi woman following the queue to make her offering to the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa during the 800th anniversar 

THE words on everyone's lips (and mind) were: "It's sooooo ? hot." Yet, amazingly, the 200 or so foreign pilgrims participated enthusiastically in a protracted Tibetan Buddhist ceremony at the Himalayan village of Shey, in the Indian Jammu-Kashmir region of Ladakh. The ceremony went on for a week.

Shielding themselves from the scorching summer sun in designer shades, broad-brim hats and caps, shawls and umbrellas - and after liberal applications of sun-block lotion - the faithful followers of the Drukpa sect joined thousands of devotees from all over the mountainous region in paying homage to the reincarnated spiritual leader, the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa.

This time, the celebration had added grandeur - it was the 800th anniversary of the sect that had originated from Namdruk, in western Tibet.

At the Naropa monastery in Shey, 15km from the Ladakh's administration centre in Leh, the series of ceremonies kicked off with prayers steeped in Vajrayana rituals led by nuns and monks.

Interspersed with sounds of the long trumpets and cymbals, the hypnotic chants of the various mantras by some 300 nuns lasted past midnight on several occasions.

The foreign and local devotees were also treated to the colourful mask dance and lama (monk in Tibetan) dance under fluttering five-hue prayer flags in the open air compound.

Besides foreigners, the fervent devotion to the Rinpoche extends beyond the Ladakhis. Tribes from as far afield as Himachal Pradesh, like the Kinnaurs, came in busloads and even brought along a physical oracle.

This "diety" had purportedly been "tamed and converted" from its cannibalistic behaviour after many blessings by the revered spiritual guru. Apparently, despite being Drukpa followers, the Kinnaurs had been sacrificing up to 200 heads of goat annually, to appease the oracle.

One day of the celebrations was dedicated specifically to the longevity prayer ceremony for the bespectacled spiritual master. The highlight of the ceremony was the "sending-off" of a paper effigy of the guru - a decoy of sorts - to confuse the spirits that might otherwise claim his life from the human universe.

Stories by HILARY CHIEW - The Star

Rich tradition: The longevity prayer for the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa was steeped in colourful Vajrayana rituals. 

Thousands of devotees, garbed in their traditional attire, complete with elaborate head gear, bearing gifts ranging from farm produce to vibrant artificial flowers and the ubiquitous kata (a white or light yellow silk scarf), made a beeline under the hot sun in the arid valley to honour the guru. In return, they were garlanded with the scarf and blessed.

Generous sponsorship from overseas sanghas (congregations) allowed for a 10-minute fireworks display, the release of the symbolic 800 sky-lanterns and 12,000 multi-coloured balloons. All these were first-time events in the impoverished Himalayan region.

Scores of visitors covered the monastery grounds to watch the spectacular shows on two separate evenings. That brought traffic to a standstill - an unheard of phenomenon in the dusty sleepy hollow.

Malaysian Lynne Chiang, a volunteer with the Drukpa Trust, which coordinated some of the events, said less than US$100,000 (RM350,000) was spent on the celebrations. The money was sponsored by about 100 students and friends of His Holiness from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Mexico, Britain, France and the United States.

"We managed to share the happiness and joy with so many people in Ladakh, regardless of religion and backgrounds. We were informed by the army that there were about 186,000 people on the night of the fireworks extravaganza. In fact, many Muslims came and shared in the revelry," added Chiang.

Due to the historical tension between India and Pakistan in these border regions and especially with the claim over Kashmir, there is strong military presence and surveillance of activities throughout the state.

Chiang, who also goes by her Buddhist name Dipam (meaning lamp), said the anniversary commemoration was mooted last year and His Holiness decided on a 10-year celebration to remind his followers of the urgency to keep alive the lineage that promotes a loving attitude, especially in the troubled times we live in today.

Ladakh - a stronghold of the Drukpa lineage - was chosen as the celebration site as requested by the Ladakhis and preparations started early this year.

Devotees of Tibetan Buddhism gather to celebrate 800 years of the Drukpa lineage. 

Funds were raised mainly from foreign followers to defray transportation, food and accommodation costs for some 300 nuns coming in from Drukpa nunneries in Darjeeling and Nepal, visiting Rinpoches, some monks and also some of the villagers.

While some elderly pilgrims opted to stay in family-run guesthouses, most of the foreigners were comfortably housed at a nearby campsite that had elevated tent-beds, piped water and bathrooms with flush toilets. Their vegetarian meals were cooked and served by experienced trekking crews.

And if the Tibetan mobile stalls offering all manner of Tibetan goods, from thankas to imitation curios, gemstone jewellery, Free Tibet T-shirts were not attractive enough, there was Leh, with its many pashmina shops, Tibetan souvenirs, restaurants and Internet joints, which offered the pilgrims some diversion and the occasional connection to the outside world.

Looking ahead: Long-term plans include a solar energy farm to power the entire school%u2019s needs, says Drukpa Trust vice-chair 

THERE is more to tradition and Tibetan Buddhism at the Shey Monastery, the focal point of the 800-year celebration of the Drukpa lineage; there is also modernism, in the form of an innovative school.

In 1992, the people of Shey had asked for a school that would provide modern education in an environment that would also promote preservation of Ladakh's unique culture and spiritual needs.

The Druk White Lotus School, the pride of both Ladakh and the Drukpa lineage in the high-altitude Himalayan valley of Shey, has won three international awards for its innovative design, which incorporates energy-efficient features. It was picked the Best Green Building in the World, Best Building in Asia and Best Education Building at the World Architecture Award in 2002.

International architectural firm, Arup Associates, provided its services pro-bono in 1995 and assisted the Britain-based charity organisation, Drukpa Trust, to conceptualise the school by marrying indigenous building concepts with eco-friendly designs.

The buildings face southeast, to harness solar energy and insulate the classrooms against the cold.

As far as possible, local materials were used and indigenous knowledge was incorporated in the modern-looking structures, which can withstand seismic occurrences.

Drukpa Trust vice-chairman Philip Cornwell explained that the stones for the walls were quarried from nearby hills and the roofs were layered with grass and mud, just like the local farmhouses. Timber came from poplar trees, although bigger logs had to be brought in from neighbouring Kashmir.

However, the solar energy tapped is only sufficient to drive the groundwater pumps. The rooms have wide windows and roofs with skylights to let in light.

Toilets are built using the ventilation-improved pit system that eliminates foul smells by cleverly regulating the hot and cold air streams using a wall painted black to generate heat. The faeces collected in the pit is turned into compost, which is then used in the greenhouse to produce fresh greens.

Cornwell said long-term plans include a solar energy farm to collect sufficient energy to power the entire school's needs - in the residences and laboratories, and for its computers and water-heaters. At present, it still depends on hydroelectricity from grid and diesel-generators.

The masterplan, designed by the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa, takes the form of a traditional mandala.

Adorable: Kindergarten pupils of the Druk White Lotus School performing a folk dance. 

Mandala is Sanskrit for circle, polygon, community and connection. It is a symbol of man or woman in the world, a support for the meditating person, and is often illustrated as a palace with four gates, facing the four corners of the Earth.

Upon completion of the living quarters (currently, there are two blocks, and three more are in the pipeline), the layout of the school will be in the shape of a key, symbolising the unlocking of the wisdom chest.

The school opened in 2001 with 88 students in both the nursery and kindergarten classes Currently, there are 365 children up to Junior 5 and about 100 of them live in the dormitories. It will have around 780 pupils (aged between three and 18) when it is fully completed in 2011.

For now, the school has reached its halfway mark with the completion of its nursery, infant and junior school courtyards (which include the classrooms and landscaped play area), two residence blocks, a kitchen, dining room and multi-purpose hall, the principal's house and a central courtyard. A science laboratory, music and arts studio, library, middle school and two more residences are under construction. The next stage will see the construction of the senior secondary block, a sports pavilion and another dining room.

A third residence is scheduled for completion in October. It will house an additional 50 students from nomadic families in the remote areas.

The English-medium school is headed by an experienced educationist from British, who is assisted by18 local teachers and 16 support staff.

Cornwell said as more schools are built by the government, the Druk White Lotus School (dwls.org) will be able to provide education to disadvantaged nomadic children as it has lodging facilities. Students who come from far away usually go home twice a year.

This non-profit school charges a minimal fee and has, to date, secured 100 international sponsorships for both day and residential pupils.

The 12th reincarnated Gyalwang Drukpa: 'When natural disasters strike our communities, where are we? When our living enviro 

PERSONAL enlightenment through solitary retreats and mantra recitations has always been the cornerstone of Buddhism, but one prominent guru is challenging his followers to expand their horizons by being "Messengers of Love".

Born Jigme Pema Wangchen in 1963, the spiritual head of the Drukpa lineage tells devotees: "We do not live in this world independently on our own, and the practice of Bodhicitta essentially requires us to interact with other people and other beings in this universe.

"While we develop our Boddicitta, we should also get ourselves ready to face the world we live in with the love that we have developed through these practices."

Launching the programme "Live to Love" at the 800th anniversary celebration of the lineage, the 12th reincarnated Gyalwang Drukpa noted that Tibetan Buddhist masters and followers had always been perceived as a closed community that's uninvolved with communal happenings.

"Some people find formal and serious practices very easy to carry out but when it comes to interacting with others, they are lost and frustrated.

"'Live to Love' is an idea which has been in my mind for many years and I hope it will help at least those connected with me and my lineage to open up and share their love with everyone in their respective communities, irrespective of faith, nationality, cultural background and other conditions.

Spread the love 

"When natural disasters strike our communities, where are we? When our living environment increasingly faces all kinds of threats, what are we doing to help?" he asked.

Given the restricted resources of the lineage, the spiritual leader outlined five key areas for humanitarian work: education, medical facilities, disaster relief and aid, heritage preservation and environmental protection.

He, however, humbly added, "I don't know if I'll be successful. I want my followers to love unconditionally, selflessly. Others should do that too, and they don't have to be my followers". He also acknowledged that the philosophy of unconditional love is already widely practised by other Buddhist traditions and that the Christians are most notable for their humanitarian work.

Under his leadership, and with financial assistance from many overseas sanghas (congregations), the sect is restoring and upgrading existing monasteries. Top on his list is the Namdruk monastery in Tibet, which was completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) waged by the Chinese communist party.

Reconstruction began in 1986 on a small part of the original centre and spiritual retreats are being revived, slowly.

To keep practices at the monastery and nunnery alive, there are sponsorship programmes for orphaned young monks, Tibetan refugees and those from poor nomadic families in the remotest parts of the Himalayan.

The status of female practitioners, especially the nuns, has been given a boost, too.

The most celebrated nun of the lineage is possibly the English woman Tenzin Palmo (formerly Diane Perry), who spent 12 years in solitary retreat in a cave high up in the Himalayan mountains. She challenged the institutionalised belief that only males could attain spiritual enlightenment.

Drukpa Lineage 

The fourth reincarnation of Tsangpa Gyare - Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (1594-1651) - united the warring regions in Bhutan and became the political and religious leader there.

He devised many of Bhutan's customs, traditions and ceremonies, thus forging a unique cultural identity that's distinct from Tibet's.

The Tibetan diaspora, particularly following the political persecution of Tibetans under Chinese rule since 1950, further encouraged the mushrooming of Tibetan Buddhism sects in various parts of India and beyond.

Ladakh is also known as "Little Tibet" for its significant population of Tibetan descendants and preservation of threatened Tibetan culture, notably the way of life of the monks and nuns.

Ladakh is situated between the Himalaya and the Karakoram mountain ranges, with altitudes between 2,500m and 7,000m above sea level.

It borders Tibet, Pakistan and Kashmir Valley and consists of the Leh and Kargil districts. Its importance as a trade post diminished after 1960, when China closed its borders with Tibet and Central Asia.

Since 1974, the Indian Government has encouraged nature-based tourism to boost its local economies.

Today, Ladakh attracts some 18,000 adventure-tourists annually. With a population of 260,000, it is also the least inhabited part of India because of its very harsh conditions. It receives less than 100mm of rain per year.

Predominantly Buddhist, Ladakh had asked for autonomy from the Muslim Kashmiri-dominated Indian Government.

This led to violent riots between its Buddhist and Muslim population in 1989. As a result, the Ladakh Hill Development Council was created in 1993.

Jai Ma James "om mani padme hum" 

Om Mani Padme Hum, Chant-KIRTAN //JaiMa James

http://www.mysticalrosestudios.com is my art website... Me singing a chant-Song with Sacred-Art and Images of Saints from the Traditions of East and West... a collection of Art pictures and some of the Saints that have inspired me ove the past 30 years.... and a little Peace Song that I'm just singing into my computer and playing on a little keyboared to accompany the Images. I work with Sacred Art and compose and sing Devotional Songs with the Major Wisdom-Traditions in mind... Thanks for watching, love to know what you think. My Art website is at www.mysticalrosestudios.com I've enjoyed listening to many recording artist like Krishna Das Jai Uttal nusrat fateh ali khan Deva Premal Iscon devotees the videos of the Ramayana... Bollywood scores In my Love for sacred art and devotional song I've put together simple slide shows(in my various videos) with a variety of Images of the Major Wisdom Tradions.. and song-chants including Tara Om tare tuttare ture swaha Anandamayi ma Ramana Maharshi Yogananda Amma Ammachi sivananda Jesus Mother Mary Padre Pio Mother Theresa tree of life Rumi sikh maha mantra whirling dervish Lakshmi Devi Sita Ram Rumi Radha Krishna Papaji Kirtans interfaith art Neem karoli Baba Hazrat Inyat Khan Samuel Lewis St.Therese Various other Mystics (more) (less)

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The Temple of Drukpa Kunley (Divine Madman), Punakha Dzong

The Temple of Lama Drukpa Kunley (Divine Madman), one of Bhutan's favourite saints, at Punakha Dzong. Amazing frescoes and sculptures. The pinnacle of the art of Bhutanese Buddhism.

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The Drukpa lineage The Wand that opens the Eyes and Dispels the Darkness of Mind. Compiled by Tashi Namgyal, translated in 2004. pg. 3() or Drukpa Kargyu

school ~ "dragon", pa ~ "person", is a branch of Tibetan Buddhism that emerged over 800 years ago. It is considered to be one of the Sarma or "new" schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Within the Drukpa Lineage, there are further sub-schools, most notably the eastern Kham tradition and middle Drukpa school which prospered in Ladakh and surrounding areas. In Bhutan the Drukpa Lineage is the dominant school and state religion.

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