FAQs about Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne pathogens refer to the microorganisms present in the blood which when passed on to others through contact can lead to a number of diseases. The answers to some frequently asked questions regarding bloodborne pathogens are given below.

What are the steps to be taken for protection against bloodborne pathogens?
The first and the most basic measure to be taken for protection are to use the proper gear. Equipment like gloves, face masks, goggles and gowns form an effective barrier to avoid contact with blood, body fluids and contaminated materials and instruments and must be used at all times. In addition you must discard such gear and materials only in the manner prescribed to protect you from accidental contact.

What are the diseases caused due to bloodborne pathogens?
Three of the common diseases caused by bloodborne pathogens are Hepatitis B and C, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The Hepatitis B and C virus affects the liver and can cause serious damage including cancer and cirrhosis with the later virus leading to chronic infection. Though HIV dies quickly when outside the body, once it enters the blood stream it can stay unnoticed for years before any symptoms are noticed. HIV is also responsible for causing the dreaded Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Is it a must to take the Hepatitis B vaccination?
If you work in any occupation where you are constantly exposed to blood or contaminated materials then taking the Hepatitis B vaccination is highly recommended to build your immunity and protect you against any possible infection. You can however refuse to get vaccinated, in which case you will have to sign a standard declination form which will be kept by the employer for record.

Can bloodborne pathogens be transmitted through saliva?
Hepatitis B and C as well as HIV are not known to pass on through saliva and thus even Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can be administered to such patients. However if there is an injury in or around the mouth then the saliva can get contaminated by the blood and lead to infection. Thus CPR should ideally be given through respiration devices and due care must also be taken during dental treatments where the risk of saliva mixing with blood is very high.