ENCYCLOPEDIA HEAVEN Vol.1

This volume traces the history of ancient Egypt, a civilization which lasted over 3000 years. It features photographs of treasures, wall-paintings and mummified bodies, along with reconstructions and cutaways of architecture.

LINK: ANCIENT EGYPT

From Abraham to Zedekias...

* Alchemy
* Mystics'
* Wicca
* Sorcery
* Magic
* Philosophy

LINK: ANCIENT & FORBIDDEN SECRETS

The demonstrations in this volume show the step-by-step application of all major airbrushing techniques. It features clear, explicit text, step-by-step instructions and examples from experts.

LINK: AIRBRUSHING

About this encyclopedia

* No comparable reference work on algorithms is currently available
* Structured in an A-Z organization that allows easy, intuitive access for professionals and researchers interested in a particular aspect of algorithms
* Includes targeted literature references that provide additional value to researchers looking to study a topic in more detail

The Encyclopedia of Algorithms provides a comprehensive set of solutions to important algorithmic problems for students and researchers, including high-impact solutions from the most recent decade.

A must-have for computer scientists, this encyclopedic reference has been edited by Ming Yang Kao, Editor-in-Chief of the top journal in the field, Algorithmica.

All of the entries have been written and peer-reviewed by experts in the field. Nearly 400 entries are organized alphabetically by problem, with subentries for distinct solutions.

Extensive cross-references support efficient, user-friendly searches for immediate access to useful information.

This defining reference is published both in print and online. The print publication includes an index of subjects and authors as well as a chronology for locating recent solutions. The online edition supplements this index with hyperlinks as well as including internal hyperlinks to related entries in the text, CrossRef citations, and links to additional significant research.

Open problems, links to downloadable code, experimental results, data sets, and illustrations are included.
Written for:

Computer scientists working in a wide range of areas such as Bioinformatics, Cryptography, Data Compression, Medical Informatics, Network and Communication Protocols, Artificial Intelligence, and Pattern Recognition; scholars, students, and professionals who work in fields such as mathematics, statistics, computational biology, economics, finance and stochastics, medical informatics, data mining, industrial engineering, and decision science
Keywords:

* Algorithmica
* Algorithms
* All-pairs shortest paths
* Approximating
* Arithmetic Coding for Data Compression
* Bin Packing
* Communication Algorithms
* Decoding
* Dynamic Tree Problems
* Factoring
* Fully Dynamic Connectivity
* Local Alignment
* Maximum
* Minimum
* Optimal
* Randomized
* Stable
* Weighted Caching

LINK: ALGORITHMS

Race riots are the most glaring and contemporary displays of the racial strife running through America's history. Mostly urban, mostly outside the South, and mostly white-instigated, the number and violence of race riots increased as blacks migrated out of the rural South and into the North and West's industrialized cities during the early part of the twentieth-century. Though white / black violence has been the most common form of racial violence, riots involving Asians and Hispanics are also included and examined.

Race riots are the most glaring and contemporary displays of the racial strife running through America's history. Mostly urban, mostly outside the South, and mostly white-instigated, the number and violence of race riots increased as blacks migrated out of the rural South and into the North and West's industrialized cities during the early part of the twentieth-century. While most riots have occurred within the past century, the encyclopedia reaches back to colonial history, giving the encyclopedia an unprecedented historical depth. Though white on black violence has been the most common form of racial violence, riots involving other racial and ethnic groups, such as Asians and Hispanics, are also included and examined. Organized A-Z, topics include: notorious riots like the Tulsa Riots of 1921, the Los Angeles Riots of 1965 and 1992; the African-American community's preparedness and responses to this odious form of mass violence; federal responses to rioting; an examination of the underlying causes of rioting; the reactions of prominent figures such as H. Rap Brown and Martin Luther King, Jr to rioting; and much more.

Many of the entries describe and analyze particular riots and violent racial incidents, including the following: Belleville, Illinois, Riot of 1903 Harlem, New York, Riot of 1943 Howard Beach Incident, 1986 Jackson State University Incident, 1970 Los Angeles, California, Riot of 1992 Memphis, Tennessee, Riot of 1866 Red Summer Race Riots of 1919 Southwest Missouri Riots 1894-1906 Texas Southern University Riot of 1967 Entries covering the victims and opponents of race violence, include the following: Black Soldiers, Lynching of Black Women, Lynching of Diallo, Amadou Hawkins, Yusef King, Rodney Randolph, A. Philip Roosevelt, Eleanor Till, Emmett, Lynching of Turner, Mary, Lynching of Wells-Barnett, Ida B. Many entries also cover legislation that has addressed racial violence and inequality, as well as groups and organizations that have either fought or promoted racial violence, including the following: Anti-Lynching League Civil Rights Act of 1957 Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Ku Klux Klan National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Nation of Islam Vigilante Organizations White League Other entries focus on relevant concepts, trends, themes, and publications. Besides almost 300 cross-referenced entries, most of which conclude with lists of additional readings, the encyclopedia also offers a timeline of racial violence in the United States, an extensive bibliography of print and electronic resources, a selection of important primary documents, numerous illustrations, and a detailed subject index.

LINK: AMERICAN RACE RIOTS

This revised 3-vol. version of the original 1978 edition has been expanded with 44 new essays, all written by respected post-Cold War scholars who bring the latest perspectives to their topics. Of the original essays, 33 have been revised by new scholars and 43 have been revised by the original contributors. General category coverage includes concepts and doctrines, policymaking, commerce and science, human rights and arms control, with specific articles on topics ranging from anti-imperialism to environmental diplomacy, from refugee policies to terrorism and countermeasures.

LINK: AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY

Murray (La Trobe Univ., Australia), who edited this work's companion volume, The Encyclopedia of Archaeology: The Great Archaeologists (LJ 1/00), here offers three volumes detailing the history of archaeology through description of discoveries, sites, events, countries, institutions, and major figures. A distinguished editorial board and group of contributors give the work an international perspective. The signed entries (many written by Murray) number approximately 500, including 225 biographies as compared to the 58 biographies comprising Great Archaeologists. The two publications should be used together as they complement and in some measure depend on each other. Most entries have references, but archaeologists chronicled in The Great Archaeologists do not; readers are instead directed to consult that work. In addition, both publications have glossaries, which overlap and share definitions. As with many publications of this kind, one can fault the choice of entries and the unevenness of the writing, and some entries are too narrow (for example, only prehistoric archaeology is described for the United States). Nonetheless, these two sets represent a step forward for anthropology reference, joining The History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia (LJ 3/15/97) as essential reference tools for the history of anthropology in both general and research libraries. Joyce L. Ogburn, Univ. of Washington, Seattle
Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.

LINK: ARCHAEOLOGY HISTORY & DISCOVERIES

Even after a thousand years, the word "barbarians" still evokes fear. They destroyed the Roman Empire and plunged Europe into the Dark Ages. But they also laid the foundations of the Christian church and the modern nation-state. This volume reveals the notorious savagery and little-known sophistication of this much-maligned age. In the "Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe", medieval expert Michael Frassetto amasses the evidence for the defence - and prosecution - of this little-understood transition era in the history of Western civilization. Covering nearly 1000 years of history - from the late ancient period through the first centuries of the Middle Ages - this concise but thorough reference work examines the key figures, places, events and ideas of barbarian Europe. The text chronicles the Ancient Visigoths, the rule of Benedict and the sacking of Rome. The easy-to-access alphabetical entries and essays offer more than a mere chronicling of kings and battles and explore the social and cultural history of the era, with special attention played to role of women.

Link: BARBARIAN EUROPE

The trusted source for facts around the world

Bursting with facts about people, current events, history, geography, sports, religion, science and technology, health and medicine, money and business, and statistics on almost every imaginable topic, the Britannica Almanac 2009 has more coverage of key subjects than any other leading almanac.

The Year in Review
Learn about major events of the past year-the buildup to the presidential election in November, the ongoing subprime mortgage crisis and housing market collapse, and the controversial expansion of the biofuel industry and its rippling effects on land use and world commodities prices. Plus dozens of photos, maps, and flags in full color.

Celebrities and Newsmakers
Discover thousands of fascinating people-political and military leaders, athletes, authors, artists, and heroes.

Everyday Information
Holidays, time zones, weights and measures, country data, and more.

Britannica Greats
Editors name the most notable US theater companies, the world-class orchestras, and the top 25 opera companies in the world.

Sports
More sports than other leading almanacs. The popular sports and the more exotic ones, from billiards to curling to sled dog racing.

Awards
Winners of the Nobel Prizes, Academy Awards, Pulitzers, Costa Book Award, Fields Medal, Japan Prize, and many more.

LINK: FACTS

In addition to full coverage of traditional techniques of contraception and a discussion of the history of current practices, this encyclopedia includes an appendix that briefly outlines the contemporary contraceptive practices in every major country in the world.

LINK: BIRTH CONTROL

Encyclopedia of Caves is a self-contained, beautifully illustrated work dedicated to caves and their unique environments. It includes more than 100 comprehensive articles from leading scholars and explorers in 15 different countries. Each entry is detailed and scientifically sound, yet accessible for students and non-scientists. This large-format reference is enchanced with hundreds of full-color photographs, maps, and drawings from the authors' own work, which provide unique images of the underground environment. The Encyclopedia of Caves is an essential interdisciplinary resource for scientists, students, and caving enthusiasts.

LINK: CAVES

This compilation of over 700 signed articles, from "Abacus" to "Zuno Keisatsu" (Japan's first punk band), is the work of over 100 contributors drawn mostly from the academic ranks in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan. "Contemporary" is here defined as "since 1945," but the coverage is broad and understandably somewhat unpredictable. There are geographical entries ("Mt. Fuji," "Osaka"), biographical entries (strong on writers, musicians, film personalities, and artists), and entries for food, Nintendo, Pokemon, and even the Hanshin Earthquake and the Lockheed scandal. Editor Buckley (Broken Silence: Voice of Japanese Feminism) contributes a large number of entries herself. Cross references and bibliographical references abound, and the writing is clear and balanced, though some entries would have benefited from more statistics (e.g., "Divorce," "Christianity in Japan"). Competitors include such sources as Mark Schilling's more narrowly focused The Encyclopedia of Japanese Pop Culture and James Huffman's broader Modern Japan: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism. The absence of illustrative materials and the high price may limit the appeal of this work for smaller public libraries, but overall it makes for an inviting starting point and is a delight to browse. A solid choice for academic libraries supporting Asian studies, though smaller libraries will probably be better served by Schilling. Harold M. Otness, formerly with Southern Oregon Univ. Lib., Ashland
Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc.

Link: CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE CULTURE

There are today no more compelling sets of crime and security threats facing nations, communities, organizations, groups, families and individuals than those encompassed by cybercrime. For over fifty years crime enabled by computing and telecommunications technologies have increasingly threatened societies as they have become reliant on information systems for sustaining modernized living. Cybercrime is not a new phenomenon, rather an evolving one with respect to adoption of information technology (IT) for abusive and criminal purposes. Further, by virtue of the myriad ways in which IT is abused, it represents a technological shift in the nature of crime rather than a new form of criminal behavior. Understanding the subject, then, is imperative to combatting it and to addressing it at various levels.

There are today no more compelling sets of crime and security threats facing nations, communities, organizations, groups, families and individuals than those encompassed by cybercrime. For over fifty years crime enabled by computing and telecommunications technologies have increasingly threatened societies as they have become reliant on information systems for sustaining modernized living. Cybercrime is not a new phenomenon, rather an evolving one with respect to adoption of information technology (IT) for abusive and criminal purposes. Further, by virtue of the myriad ways in which IT is abused, it represents a technological shift in the nature of crime rather than a new form of criminal behavior. In other words, the nature of crime and its impacts on society are changing to the extent computers and other forms of IT are used for illicit purposes. Understanding the subject, then, is imperative to combatting it and to addressing it at various levels.

This work is the first comprehensive encyclopedia to address cybercrime. Topical articles address all key areas of concern and specifically those having to with: terminology, definitions and social constructs of crime; national infrastructure security vulnerabilities and capabilities; types of attacks to computers and information systems; computer abusers and cybercriminals; criminological, sociological, psychological and technological theoretical underpinnings of cybercrime; social and economic impacts of crime enabled with information technology (IT) inclusive of harms experienced by victims of cybercrimes and computer abuse; emerging and controversial issues such as online pornography, the computer hacking subculture and potential negative effects of electronic gaming and so-called computer addiction; bodies and specific examples of U.S. federal laws and regulations that help to prevent cybercrimes; examples and perspectives of law enforcement, regulatory and professional member associations concerned about cybercrime and its impacts; and computer forensics as well as general investigation/prosecution of high tech crimes and attendant challenges within the United States and internationally.

Link: CYBERCRIME

Distance metrics and distances have become an essential tool in many areas of pure and applied Mathematics, and this encyclopedia is the first one to treat the subject in full.

The book appears just as research intensifies into metric spaces and especially, distance design for applications. These distances are particularly crucial, for example, in computational biology, image analysis, speech recognition, and information retrieval.

Here, an assessment of the practical questions arising during selection of a "good'' distance function has been left aside in favor of a comprehensive listing of the main available distances, a useful tool for the distance design community.

This reader-friendly reference offers both independent introductions and definitions, while at the same time making cross-referencing easy through hyperlink-like boldfaced references to original definitions. This high-quality publication is a mix of reference resource and coffee-table book.

A number of fascinating curiosities appear in this 'Who's Who' of distances. Besides distances themselves, the authors have collected many distance-related notions and paradigms, giving applied mathematicians in other sectors easy access to those research tools that are arcane for non-specialists. What's more, they come in ready-to-use fashion. This, as well as the appearance of some distances in different contexts, will be a stimulus to new research.

LINK: DISTANCES

Awarded Best Reference by the New York Public Library (2004), Outstanding Academic Title by CHOICE (2003), and AAP/PSP 2003 Best Single Volume Reference/Sciences by Association of American Publishers' Professional Scholarly Publishing Division, the first edition of Encyclopedia of Insects was acclaimed as the most comprehensive work devoted to insects. Covering all aspects of insect anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, reproduction, ecology, and disease, as well as issues of exploitation, conservation, and management, this book sets the standard in entomology. The second edition of this reference will continue the tradition by providing the most comprehensive, useful, and up-to-date resource for professionals. Expanded sections in forensic entomology, biotechnology and Drosphila, reflect the full update of over 300 topics. Articles contributed by over 260 high profile and internationally recognized entomologists provide definitive facts regarding all insects from ants, beetles, and butterflies to yellow jackets, zoraptera, and zygentoma.

LINK: INSECTS

This handsome, massive, and imposing publication will prove very useful to many Over 110 authors and historians, some of the most prominent in the field, contributed to this effort. The resulting collection is impressive in its scope and quality as the editors and writers dealt with this awesome task in an outstanding manner.

Air Warfare consists of 990 entries and 770 pages of text, covering the last 150 years from an international perspective. All entries are signed, which establishes their credibility. Bibliographic references accompany most articles; and cross-references and an index are very useful. A bibliography of perhaps 175 books is excellent. There are many fine, clear, large photographs that are very appropriate, which together comprise an excellent photo essay The selection of topics is wide, covering the subject quite well. There are many strong pieces, particularly those that cover some of the obscure wars (Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Finland, and Somalia) and aviation personalities. As with all collections, however, this one is a mixed bag, compounded by the grand scope of the project:

Certainly other items could have been included, depending on one's taste. I was disappointed that there were no entries on antiaircraft (flak) defenses, barrage balloons, cruise missiles, the Gulf War Air Power Survey Operation Bodenplatte, and individuals such as John Boyd, Anthony Fokker, Edgar Schmued, and George Welch (but these number only nine out of almost one thousand items). The omission of Boyd is curious as there is an entry (which does not mention him) on "energy maneuverability," a concept Boyd conceived. The omission of Bodenplatte is also strange as the German attack is depicted on the cover of both volumes! A more serious lapse is absence of an entry or mention of the Gulf War Air Power Survey, clearly an important event and significant document of that conflict.

Bibliographic references are sometimes too brief and not necessarily the best books on the subject, and some entries lack cross-references.

There is an entry for Stanley Baldwin, a pre-World War II British Prime minister, but for what reason? His closest connection with air warfare is his famous quote that "the bomber will always get through," but this is not ...

LINK: AIR WARFARE

Long before astronomy was a science, humans used the stars to mark time, navigate, organize planting and dramatize myths. In fact, some lunar calendars date back over 30,000 years. From Stonehenge to Angkor Wat, many of the world's most famous ancient monuments owe their existence to humanity's mastery of and reverence for the night sky. This encyclopaedia draws on archaeological evidence and oral traditions to reveal how prehistoric humans perceived the skies and celestial phenomena. With over 300 entries, it offers a number of ways to approach ancient astronomy, from key examples and case studies worldwide (Stonehenge, Mexican and Egyptian pyramids, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, the Nazca lines in Peru) to general themes (cosmologies, calendars, ancient ideas of space and time, origins of myths, astronomy's fundamental concepts and methods) to the field of archaeoastronomy's defining questions (can ancient sites be dated astronomically? What were the origins of the constellations? How does astrology relate to ancient astronomy?). By revealing the astronomical significance of some of the world's most famous ancient landmarks and enduring myths and by showing how different themes and concepts are connected, the book aims to bring an authoritative perspective to an area often left to speculation and sensationalism.

LINK: ANCIENT ASTRONOMY

Comprised of 395 essays arranged alphabetically, most on individual objects, artifacts, techniques, and products, this is an up-to-date reference work for all those involved in teaching or researching the history of twentieth-century technology, as well as the serious general reader. The core of each of the main entries is a technical description, within a historical narrative, of about 1,000 words plus illustrations and further reading. There are also about 30 longer survey entries that that address broad questions of technological systems, such as the context in which the various technologies were developed, discussions of any controversies and schools of thought, comparisons between different political and economics systems, and the various ways in which different nations have attempted to make and apply science and technology policies.

LINK: 20TH CENTURY TECHNOLOGY A-Z

Now, with all of its five volumes completed, Encyclopedia of Architecture will surely become the standard in the field. Its broad coverage focuses on architectural processes and design, materials, construction methods and management but also encompasses, biographies of leading architects, architectural history, articles on architectural aesthetics, literature and criticism, listings on current laws and regulations, and information on leading firms and schools. Includes 3,000 illustrations and 500 tables. The Encyclopedia has been sponsored by the American Institute of Architects.

LINK: ARCHITECTURE