Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
He proposed the concept of historical dialectic, in which opposite concepts (thesis, antithesis) combine to form a synthesis.
He further proposed that the activating principal of the universe is the 'world spirit' (Volksgeist) which leads to continuous self-creation.
His works included his Phenomenology of Mind and his Science of Logic.
Hegel greatly influenced later philosophers (e.g. Karl Marx).
Peter Singer on Hegel and Marx: Section 1
Peter Singer on Hegel and Marx: Section 1
Sorry for the shaky video; the original tape had severe interlacing problems, this is the best I could fix it. Hegel and Marx In this program, contemporary philosopher Peter Singer discusses rational Hegelian philosophy, and the historicism and organicism at its root. Hegel's theories of absolute idealism and of a dialectic, emphasize history in their development of a model of reality. His concept of this reality as ultimately spiritual, and of philosophy as organic and constantly changing, is examined. The theories of Karl Marx are discussed as essentially Hegelian, but a practical economic spin. Section 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxjnG1X510A Section 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDjXBr3RtKk Section 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYX9UP55ISc Section 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-Eg_fLP-5U Section 5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbwZw0wy_n0
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Hegel: A Very Short Introduction (by Peter Singer)
Hegel: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
Amazon Price: $8.37 (as of 01/04/2010)
Probably not very many people will plunge into Hegel on their own, and most of those will quickly plunge back out. As Bryan Magee said, "His writing is almost uniquely obscure -- it positively repels the reader...One can read page after page of Hegel, racking one's brains and thinking: 'What the HELL does he mean?'" Hegel may just be one of those writers best approached through the secondary literature -- at least you will come away with something.
Even if you intend to take the plunge, a preparatory introduction seems like a smart idea. I can't imagine a better warm-up than this little book by Peter Singer. It is a model of clear writing, and I have no doubt that Singer is superb in the classroom. He has taken a good deal of trouble to organize the book so that the reader is carefully shepherded along, step by step, through the ideas and arguments. It gives you the feeling of being in a seminar with a master teacher who really, really wants you to understand the material. This is a true introduction, not a once-over synopsis, a careful job in every sense of the term. Highest recommendation.
G W F Hegel (article)
Hegel influenced writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (Bauer, Marx, Bradley, Sartre, Küng), and his detractors (Schelling, Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Russell). Hegel developed a comprehensive philosophical framework, or "system", to account in an integrated and developmental way for the relation of mind and nature, the subject and object of knowledge, and psychology, the state, history, art, religion, and philosophy. In particular, he developed a concept of mind or spirit that manifested itself in a set of contradictions and oppositions that it ultimately integrated and united, such as those between nature and freedom, and immanence and transcendence, without eliminating either pole or reducing it to the other. His influential conceptions are of speculative logic or "dialectic," "absolute idealism," "Spirit," negativity, sublation (Aufhebung in German), the "Master/Slave" dialectic, "ethical life," and the importance of history.
Source: Wapedia
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