A History of Botanical Art - Resources for Botanical Art Lovers
Ranked #376 in Arts , #7,498 overall
An introduction to the history of botanical art and botanical illustration
Its subject matter will interest botanical fine art enthusiasts, students of botanical art and/or art history, botanists or plant scientists, art historians, artists/botanical artists and art and plant lovers.
Two more sites of interest are:
- Botanical Art - Resources for Artists
- Botanical Art - Art Book Reviews for Artists
New links are being added added on a regular basis. Create a bookmark or link to be able to check back to this site or e-mail it to a friend- see the "save and share" section in the right hand column.
Note: All images are from Wikimedia CommonsYou can find out about...........
..............just click a link to go straight to that topic
- Landmark botanical art
- BOOKS: Collections of historical botanical art
- Online galleries of the history of botanical art
- Herbals and Florilegium
- BOOKS: Florilegium
- DVD: Florilegium
- Botanical Art - Travels and Exploration
- Exhibitions of botanical art from the past
- Digital versions of historical books about botanical art
- Outstanding botanical artists in history
- Resources for Botanical Art Lovers - Famous artists
- BOOKS: Basilius Besler
- BOOKS: Georg Dionysius Ehret
- BOOKS: Maria Sibylla Merian
- BOOKS: The history of botanical art and botanical illustration
- The development of botanical art
- Important Botanical Gardens and Botanists in History
- A view of Chelsea Physic Garden
- Making A Mark and Botanical Art
- Comments and Suggestions
- Who is Making A Mark?
Landmark botanical art
Important publications in the history of botanical art
BOOKS: Collections of historical botanical art
books on Amazon
New Flowering: 1000 Years of Botanical Art
An exhibition of one thousand years of botanical art displayed in the Ashmolean's leading exhibition and providing the unique opportunity to compare illustrations by contemporary artists alongside remarkable botanical art of the past. Chosen by Dr Shirley Sherwood from her acclaimed collection of botanical painting and from the rich historical treasures of Oxford's libraries and museums these inspiring plant portraits stand at the interface between art and science. The oldest exhibit is a drawing of a thistle made by a monk from the late 11th century and the most recent painting, by Angela Mirro, is of a rare Peruvian slipper orchid discovered in 2002. By contrasting the old with the new throughout the show, it becomes apparent that the criteria for botanical illustration have not changed throughout the centuries.
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The Flowering of Florence: Botanical Art for the Medici
Living immersed in landscapes of great natural beauty, Tuscans have always harbored a deep love of flowers and gardens. During the Renaissance, in intellectual circles this propensity developed naturally into an interest in horticulture and the botanical sciences, subjects that would co-exist in perfect harmony with the Medici family's love of the arts.Published to coincide with an exhibition at the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, of about sixty-five works of art, primarily from Florentine collections, The Flowering of Florence explores the close ties between art and the natural sciences in Tuscany as seen in the botanical renderings created in Florence for the Medici grand dukes from the late 1500s through the early 1700s.The catalog comprises an essay and checklist with reproductions of the exquisite works in the show. Examples include Jacopo Ligozzi's plant drawings in tempera on paper from the Uffizi Gallery, Giovanna Garzoni's fruit and flower paintings on vellum, and Bartolomeo Bimbi's later and much larger still-life paintings.
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The Art of Flowers: A Celebration of Botanical Illustration, Its Masters and Methods
A visual celebration of the very best in botanical art! Featuring rare, never-before-published works from such renowned nineteenth-century masters as P.J. Redouté, Augusta Withers, Jane Loudon, and Walter Hood.
The Art of Flowers is filled with examples and innovative techniques for capturing the beauty of flowers on paper. This unique guide discusses simple botany basics and how they relate to drawing flowers . . . demonstrates how the masters took "artistic license" in their floral interpretations . . . presents a fascinating overview of the golden age of floral art (1840-1880) . . . and showcases the specific flowers the master artists were known for, such as Redoute's roses and H.G. Moon's orchids.
A special section features actual how-to-draw flower books from the nineteenth century, complete with ready-to-use templates for copying anemones, clematis, dahlias, daisies, daffodils, and more.
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A Garden of Flowers: All 104 Engravings from the Hortus Floridus of 1614 (Dover Pictorial Archives)
Hortus Floridus, a work by seventeenth-century engraver Crispin van de Pass, is generally regarded to be a masterpiece. Filled with more than 100 beautiful, full-page plates of floral favorites, the book has long been a source of delight for horticulturists. Dover's books is an excellent reproduction of a two-volume facsimile edition published in the early twentieth century. Book One contains a "very lively and true Description of the Flowers of the Springe," among them narcissus, hyacinths, crown imperials, tulips, auriculas, and daffodils. Book Two describes flowers of summer, autumn and winter--peonies, carnations, pinks, roses, dianthus, sweet william, mallows, lilies, gladiolas, clematis, and more.
Unabridged republication in one volume of Hortus Floridus, First and Second Books, originally published by The Cresset Press Limited, London, 1928 and 1929. 104 black and white illustrations.
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Online galleries of the history of botanical art
images in the history of botanical art
- Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
- Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation opened in 1961
It promotes the history of botany through its collections, research, exhibitions, publications, and services. - Hunt Institute: Search of Database
- Search the Catalogue of the Botanical Art Collection at the Hunt Institute
- Hunt Institute: Georg Dionys Ehret
- Botanical artist Georg Dionys Ehret Collection at Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation.
- Hunt Institute: Margaret Mee
- Botanical artist Margaret Mee interview broadcast in November 1988 on The MacNeil-Lehrer News Hour.
- Rhagor | Drawn from nature: Botanical illustrations
- Mankind has always been fascinated by flowers, by their beauty, and by their possibilities for healing and knowledge. Amgueddfa Cymru holds a unique collection of more than 9,000 botanical illustrations spanning five centuries.
- Rhagor | A passion for plants: botanical illustration by women artists
- The Museum's collection of botanical illustrations consists of more than 9,000 prints and drawings. Many of the works in the collection have fascinating and courageous stories linked to them. In particular, there are stories of the women artists who took part in scientific discovery.
- Rhagor | A marriage of art and science - botanical illustrations at Amgueddfa Cymru
- The stories that lie behind botanical illustration are rich and intriguing in their own right - the desire to capture the flower before it fades often amounted to an obsession. Scientists risked life and limb to acquire new specimens and the collection of over 7,000 botanical prints and drawings held at Amgueddfa Cymru shines light on the the human tales which lie behind the history of botanical discovery.
Click on the thumbnails for further details. - Rhagor | Early Herbals - The German fathers of botany
- Amgueddfa Cymru has a number of pre-1701 books in the Museum's Library, including a number of 16th- and 17th-century 'herbals'
- Rhagor | A marriage of art and science - botanical illustrations at Amgueddfa Cymru
- Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales
A marriage of art and science - botanical illustrations at Amgueddfa Cymru - Botanical Illustration - Victoria and Albert Museum
- Botanical Illustration
- RHS - The Lindley Library
- The Lindley Library is the world's finest horticultural library. The largest branch is in London, but the Library at Wisley and the Garden Libraries at each of the RHS gardens are also an important part of the Lindley Library.
- The University of Delaware: The Art of Botanical Illustration. Herbals
- On-line exhibition of The Art of Botanical Illustration
- Natural History Museum - North America
- The Portrayal of Natural History Art of the Americas
This selection of images from the Library art collections at the Natural History Museum highlights a beautiful and varied range of artwork from the Americas. - Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli. Biblioteca digitale: Dioscurides Neapolitanus. Tavole
- Dioscurides Neapolitanus
Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli
Codex ex Vindobonensis Graecus 1 - Herbals
- Herbals and the evolution of plant field guides
The early printed herbals took advantage of earlier manuscripts, notably Dioscorides' (40-90 AD) De materia medica, the ultimate authority for over 1,500 years. - ATLAS de la FLORE MAGIQUE ET ASTROLOGIQUE DE L'ANTIQUITÉ
- A French Herbal
Notre choix s'est finalement porté sur les reproductions de végétaux qui accompagnent les Commentaires de Pierre André Matthioli sur le De Materia Medica de Dioscoride, traduits en français par Jean des Moulins, Docteur en médecine et publiés à Lyon en 1572 - ATLAS of the FLORA AND MAGICAL ASTROLOGIQUE OF ANTIQUITY
- A French herbal
Therapeutic properties of plants according Dioscoride (translated version) - Vienna Dioscorides - Wikimedia Commons
- Vienna Dioscorides From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
English: The Vienna Dioscorides (Vienna, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. med. gr. 1.) is an early 6th century copy of De materia medica by Dioscoride - Wikimedia Commons - Category:Herbal
- This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.
D
[+] De materia medica (2) N
[+] Naples Dioscurides (0) V
[+] Vienna Dioscurides (0) Pages in category "Herbal" - Botanicus Digital Library
- Botanicus is a freely accessible, Web-based encyclopedia of historic botanical literature from the Missouri Botanical Garden Library. Botanicus is made possible through support from the W.M. Keck Foundation and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- Category:Walter Hood Fitch - Wikimedia Commons
- Category:Walter Hood Fitch From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
After 1841 Fitch was the sole artist for all official and unofficial publications issued by Kew.
Herbals and Florilegium
Landmark publications in the History of Botanical Art
What's a herbal? A herbal is a book of plants, describing their appearance, their properties and how they may be used for preparing ointments and medicines.
What's a florilegium A florilegium is a collection of flower illustrations - generally relating to plants in one garden.
- Florilegium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Florilegium (plural Florilegia) is a Latin word for a collection of 'flowers' (excellent excerpts), from the corpus of a considerably larger oeuvre.
- World Wide Words: Florilegium
- The story behind the Weird Word 'florilegium'.
- Hortus Sanitatis - 1485
- The Hortus Sanitatis or the Ortus Sanitatis (the origin of health), as it is also known, is in the tradition of the medieval herbals. It is partly based on Der Gart der Gesundheit (Garden of Health), which is sometimes attributed to Johann von Cube, and was originally printed by Peter Schoeffer at Mainz in 1485.
Most of the 1,066 chapters of the first edition are headed by a woodcut and there were also several full page woodcuts - Fuch's Great Herbal - 1542
- Glasgow University Library Special Collections Fuchs De Historia Stirpium
Leonhart Fuchs' De historia stirpium commentarii insignes (or, Notable commentaries on the history of plants) was first published in 1542. A massive, folio volume, this landmark work describes in Latin some 497 plants, and is illustrated by over 500 superb woodcuts based upon first-hand observation. - British Library - Hortus Eystettensis - 1613
- In 1611, the Prince Bishop of Eichstätt in Germany was already terminally ill when he determined to record for posterity the spectacular garden he'd created at his palace in Bavaria with plants from around the world. Hundreds of his favourite flowers where carefully drawn and engraved as they bloomed through the four seasons. Published in 1613, the finished catalogue was the largest and most magnificent florilegium ever made.
Eichstätt was the first major European botanical garden outside Italy
A catalogue of flowers, such as 'Hortus Eystettensis', is often known as a florilegium, from the Latin meaning 'a gathering of flowers'. - British Library - Elizabeth Blackwell's 'A Curious Herbal' - 1737-1739
- Elizabeth Blackwell's beautiful illustrations of medicinal plants would be notable enough in their own right, but the unusual circumstances of their creation make them doubly interesting. She began the work to raise money to secure her husband's release from a debtor's prison. The herbal was issued in weekly parts between 1737 and 1739, each with four plates and a page of text. Blackwell not only drew, but also engraved and coloured the illustrations, using specimens from the Chelsea Physic Garden.
- The Endeavour Botanical Illustrations at the Natural History Museum
- The Botany Library at the Natural History Museum holds all of the surviving botanical artwork from Captain James Cook's first Pacific voyage. This is an image gallery of botanical art from the first voyage of the Endeavour.
The illustrations were once in the famous Banksian Collections of the British Museum. Joseph Banks, the scientific organiser behind the expedition, had bequeathed this material to Robert Brown, his Librarian, who in turn transferred them to the Museum's Trustees in 1827. The plant and animal specimens with their directly associated artwork and documents were moved as part of the collections when the Museum's Department of Natural History relocated to South Kensington in the late nineteenth century. - The Endeavour Botanical Illustrations at the Natural History Museum
- The results of the voyage were not published by Banks, although he intended to issue 14 folio volumes of his natural history discoveries at a total cost to himself of about £10,000. He employed five watercolourists from the winter of 1773 to complete 595 new artworks based on Parkinson's unfinished work. He then also employed 18 engravers until 1784, to cut copper printing plates, based on 743 artworks, in readiness for scientific publication in colour. He rejected the newly developing technique of aquatint in preference to the traditional black line methods, including some selective etching and mezzotint techniques.
All but one illustration was engraved at the plant's life size.
A total of 738 copper plates were subsequently engraved, with the intention of Banks publishing and suitably illustrating his scientific results from the voyage.
It was not until the 1980s that the Museum, in association with the publisher Editions Alecto, decided to renovate the copper printing plates which were still in safe storage and then to print from them, for the first time in colour, the complete set of images.
Printed catalogues of the artworks were published by the Museum between 1984 and 1987 in three volumes and are still available for researchers. - Wikipedia - Banks' Florilegium - 1770-1990
- Banks' Florilegium is a collection of copperplate engravings of plants collected by Sir Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander while they accompanied Captain James Cook on his voyage around the world between 1768 and 1771. They collected plants in Madeira, Brazil, Tierra del Fuego, the Society Islands, New Zealand, Australia and Java.
Between 1771 and 1784 Banks hired 18 engravers to create the copperplate line engravings from the 743 completed watercolours at a considerable cost. The Florilegium was not printed in Banks' lifetime and he bequeathed the plates to the British Museum.
The first complete full-colour edition of the Florilegium was published between 1980 and 1990 in 34 parts by Alecto Historical Editions and the British Museum. Only 100 sets were made available for sale, some on a subcription basis. - Editions Alecto: Banks Florilegium - Home Page
- Alecto Historical Editions published Banks Florilegium in association with the British Museum (Natural History).
This monumental work depicts the plants
collected by Banks and Solander on Captain James Cook's first circumnatigation of the world.
The engravings are printed in color à la poupée, up to ten colours being worked directly into the single plate before each print is pulled, with additional details added in watercolour. Each sheet is identified by a blind embossed stamp on the recto, recording the publishers' and printer's chops, the copyright symbol and date. The initials of the individual printer, the plate number and the edition number are recorded in pencil. - Editions Alecto - Banks Florilegium - Plants by Family - A
- Banks Florilegium Plates - Index by Plant Families
- Brooklyn Botanic Garden Florilegium
- Brooklyn Botanic Garden Florilegium: The earliest florilegia-anthologies of illustrations describing living collections of flowering plants-first appeared 400 years ago. ...
- Rhagor | Drawn from nature: Botanical illustrations
- Mankind has always been fascinated by flowers, by their beauty, and by their possibilities for healing and knowledge. Amgueddfa Cymru holds a unique collection of more than 9,000 botanical illustrations spanning five centuries.
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew - Hortus Nitidissimis
- "Hortus Nitidissimis Omnem Per Annum Superbiens Floribus Sive Amoenissimorum Florum Imagines"
A year in a brilliant garden of exquisite
flowers represented in beautiful pictures - The University of Delaware: The Art of Botanical Illustration. Herbals
- On-line exhibition of The Art of Botanical Illustration
With the invention of the printing press, the knowledge of botany became more wide-spread. The earliest printed herbals were merely copies of manuscript works, reproduced without reference to live specimens. They were filled with errors caused by the mistranscription and misunderstanding of earlier works. Not until the early sixteenth century when botanists began to study live plants, would herbals include scientifically accurate images. - handprint : botanical illustration
- Botanical Illustration is one of the oldest watercolor genres, associated throughout its history with the importance of plants to human health, recreation, and appreciation of beauty.
BOOKS: Florilegium
Florilegium Imperiale: Botanical Illustrations for Francis I of Austria
I sat and looked at this in a bookshop recently. It's huge, heavy and very impressive.
Francis I of Austria, the last monarch to rule over the Holy Roman Empire, was obsessed with flowers. His Imperial Gardens continue to be one of Vienna's most beloved treasures. In 1791, Francis I commissioned Matthias Schumtzer to paint portraits of every flower in the garden-a project that took more than three decades to complete. Until now, only six of the extant 1,300 paintings have ever been published. This collection features one hundred of the most outstanding of Schmutzer's watercolors.
Painted life-size and with extraordinary precision, the flowers range from the exotic to the common. A fascinating text offers biographical information about Francis I, descriptions of the Imperial Gardens in the ruler's time, and photographs of how they appear today.
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Besler Florilegium
Originally published in 1613, this florilegium by Basilius Besler of Nuremberg contains more than 1000 drawings of ornamental flowering plants. This slipcased facsimile edition has an introduction and commentaries on the plates by Gerard G. Aymonin.
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So Many Sweet Flowers: A Seventeenth-Century Florilegium
This volume reproduces the flower paintings of 17th-century botanical artist Johann Walther of Strassburg. They were commissioned by the Count of Nassau, who set about the creation of a garden of rare plants and flowers at his castle at Idstein near Frankfurt.
The flower paintings include around 20 flower species and are complemented by depictions of fruit from some of the botanical illustrators of the age.
Essays by Gill Saunders from The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, place plants in their historical and present-day context. Many of these now-familiar flowers were great novelties in Europe at the time Walther was painting.
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DVD: Florilegium
Florilegium
I've not seen this but it sounds intriguing. Interestingly one of the reviewers on Amazon marked it down because he thought the two stores - of the expedition and the printing project - both deserved more time. Do read the reviews and make your mind up for yourself.
Description: A rich mixture of art, history, science and exploration, this film traces the first voyages of Joseph Banks, who, as a young botanist, accompanied Captain James Cook on his first journey of circumnavigation. With fellow botanist Carl Daniel Solander, he collected over seven hundred unknown species of plants, which were recorded in drawings by Sydney Parkinson.
Banks' intention to publish a complete set of engravings of these plants was not realized in his lifetime, and it was not until two hundred years later, with the largest direct printing project ever undertaken in the history of the Fine Arts, that Joseph Banks' "Florilegium" came to fruition.
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Botanical Art - Travels and Exploration
- University of Delaware: The Art of Botanical Illustration Travel and Exploration
- On-line exhibition of The Art of Botanical Illustration
Exhibitions of botanical art from the past
- Making a Mark: Maria Sibylla Merian - at the Getty Museum, Buckingham Palace and Kew Gardens
- Yesterday, a new exhibition Maria Sibylla Merian & Daughters: Women of Art and Science opened at the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Getty Center, (June 10-August 31, 2008) and is the first major exhibition of Merian's work in America. It arrives there following an exhibition in Holland.
At the same time she features prominently in two exhibitions in London
* Amazing Rare Things at The Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace; and
* Treasures of Botanical Art at the newly opened Shirley Sherwood Gallery of Botanical Art at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. - Royal Collection - Amazing Rare Things
- Amazing Rare Things
Maria Sibylla MerianMaria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717) was one of the greatest artist-naturalists of her time. - Making a Mark: Kew opens the world's first dedicated botanical art gallery
- On Saturday 19th April 2008, The Shirley Sherwood Gallery opened at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. It will exhibit precious works of botanical art from the collections of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Dr Shirley Sherwood, many of which have never been on public display before.
Digital versions of historical books about botanical art
- Merian: Erucarum ortus, alimentum et paradoxa metamorphosis 1717
- Digital online version of the book - courtesy of Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrums
This was a book published by Merian's daughter after her death and concerns the transformation of caterpillars in butterflies - and the plants associated with that process en route. - History of Cultivated Vegetables ... - Google Book Search
- History of Cultivated Vegetables: Comprising Their Botanical, Medicinal
By Henry PhillipsPublished 1822H. Colburn and Co.Plants, Cultivated
Original from Harvard Universityv.2Di
Read this book / Download PDF - The Botanical Register: - Google Book Search
- By John Bellenden Ker, Sydenham Edwards, John Lindley (1817)
Original from Harvard University
"Consisting of coloured figures of exotic plants cultivated in British gardens, with their history and mode of treatment."
Read this book / Download PDF - Government of South Australia - Banks' florilegium
- Banks' florilegium
Published by Alecto Historical Editions in association with the British Museum (Natural History)
Date of creation : 1981-1988
Additional creator : Banks, Joseph, Sir, 1743-1820; Solander, Daniel Charles, 1733-1782; Parkinson, Sydney, 1745?-
This item is reproduced courtesy of Natural History Museum. It may be printed or saved for personal research or study. Use for any other purpose requires written permission from Natural History Museum and the State Library of South Australia. - MBG Rare Books: Cornus
- The Missouri Botanical Garden Library presents its Rare Book Digitization Project.
Title: Cornus : specimen botanicum sistens descriptiones et icones specierum corni minus cognitarum / Car. Lud. L'Héritier, Dom. de Brutelle.
Author(s): L Héritier de Brutelle, Charles Louis
Publisher: Parisiis : Typis Petri-Francisci Didot [etc.], 1788. - MBG Rare Books: A curious herbal
- The Missouri Botanical Garden Library presents its Rare Book Digitization Project.
A curious herbal, containing five hundred cuts, of the most useful plants, which are now used in the practice of physick : engraved on folio copper plates, after drawings taken from the life / by Elizabeth Blackwell. To which is added a short description of ye plants and their common uses in physick.
Outstanding botanical artists in history
Fraisier de Bock / Strawberry of Bock by David Kandel (1520 - 1592)
Oustanding botanical artists in history
I'm currently developing a series of lenses devoted to individual artists which will be included below.
Completed sites
- Maria Sibylla Merian
- Basilius Besler
- The Bauer Brothers
- Pierre Redoute
Sites in draft
- Georg Dionysius Ehret
- Margaret Mee
Until then, this section has a links to some key sites for each artist.
- Albrecht Meyer, Heinrich Fullmauer and Veit Rudolf Speckle
- A picture of the draftsmen and the engraver employed by Leonhart Fuchs for Fuchs Great Herbal. Fuchs's work is one of the first scientific works to identify artists involved in its production, and may be the first to include their portraits." (Norman library)
Albrecht Meyer drew the specimens from life and Heinrich Fullmauer copied them onto woodblocks, which were engraved by Veit Rudolf Speckle. - Wikipedia - David Kandel - 1520-1592
- David Kandel was one of the best known pioneers of botanical art and science. However, like in similar cases of many other Renaissance artists, very few facts are verifiable regarding his personal life, because very few events in his life are identifiable from surviving records. He was probably born in Strasbourg in 1520, married in 1554 and died in 1592
- Elizabeth Blackwell (illustrator) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Elizabeth Blackwell (1707[1] -1758), a Scottish botanical illustrator and author.
- Sydney Parkinson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Sydney Parkinson (c. 1745 - 26 January 1771) was a Scottish Quaker, botanical illustrator and natural history artist. Parkinson was employed by Joseph Banks to travel with him on James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific in 1768. Parkinson made nearly a thousand drawings of plants and animals collected by Banks and Daniel Solander on the voyage.
He had to work in difficult conditions, living and working in a small cabin surrounded by hundreds of specimens. One of two on board artists, neither of whom survived the voyage, Parkinson died at sea shortly after leaving Java. - Sydney Parkinson (1745? - 1771)
- Parkinson's skills as a botanical artist were noticed by Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820). He gave Parkinson access to Kew Gardens in order for him to draw the plants as a scientific record. In 1768, Parkinson accompanied Banks as his botanical draughtsman on Captain James Cook's famous voyage of circumnavigation. This epic voyage of discovery was carried out on a converted coal ship, the HMS Endeavour.
- Franz (Francis) Andreas Bauer (1758-1840)
- Born in Feldsburg, Austria, Franz was the older brother of Ferdinand Bauer, the famous botanical artist. After arriving in England in 1788, Sir Joseph Banks employed Franz as a botanical artist at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
For the next 40 years, Bauer illustrated the newly discovered plants from around the world that were introduced to England via Kew, where they were grown and studied for the first time in a scientific manner. Bauer was probably the first artist to draw detailed plant dissections for recording purposes at Kew - Ferdinand Lucas Bauer (1760-1826)
- Natural History Museum
Ferdinand Lucas Bauer (1760-1826)
Ferdinand Lucas Bauer and his brother Franz (Francis) were from an artistic Austrian family. They are now regarded as probably the most accomplished and capable botanical artists of all time.
Bauer travelled to Australia on the ship HMS Investigator as botanical draughtsman to Sir Joseph Banks' botanist, Robert Brown (1773-1858). HMS Investigator was commanded by Captain Matthew Flinders, and circumnavigated and charted Australia in detail for the first time. - Pierre-Joseph Redouté - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Pierre-Joseph Redouté (July 10, 1759 - June 20, 1840), was a Belgian painter and botanist, known for his paintings of the roses, lilies and other flowers at Malmaison. Redouté was born in Saint-Hubert, Luxembourg, which is now part of Belgium. He was an official court artist of Queen Marie Antoinette, and he continued painting through the French Revolution and Reign of Terror.
Resources for Botanical Art Lovers - Famous artists
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Pierre Redoute - Resources for Botanical Art Lovers
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Many people, like me, will have first become interested in botanical art because of the paintings of roses, lilies and other flowers produced by Pierre Redoute. He is one of the most talented botanical artists ever known. Redoute was fortunate to be...
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Basilius Besler - Resources for Botanical Art Lovers
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Basilius Besler was in charge of a major project which changed botanical art and the course of its future development. Find about Basilius Besler, the garden at Eichstätt and learn how you can visit that garden today. This site includes links to biog...
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The Bauer Brothers - Resources for Botanical Art Lovers
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Many experts regard the Bauer brothers - Franz and Ferdinand, as being being two of the best botanical artists that have ever lived. Sir Joseph Banks spotted Franz Bauer's skills and arranged for him to become employed as "botanick Painter to his Ma...
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Maria Sibylla Merian - Resources for Botanical Art Lovers
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Maria Sibylla Merian was a Naturalist and Botanical Illustrator and is rated as being one of the greatest ever botanical artists. This site will be of interest to all botanical artists and all those who enjoy botanical art and natural history. This...
Sydney Parkinson (1745 - 1771 ) - one of the two artists on the Endeavour
Basilius Besler (1561 - 1629)
a collection of links to sites about Basilius Besler and his botanical illustrations
- Basilius Besler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- The emphasis in botanicals of previous centuries had been on medicinal and culinary herbs, and these had usually been depicted in a crude manner. The images were often inadequate for identification, and had little claim to being aesthetic. The Hortus Eystettensis changed botanical art overnight. The plates were of garden flowers, herbs and vegetables, exotic plants such as castor-oil and arum lilies. These were depicted near life-size, producing rich detail. The layout was artistically pleasing and quite modern in concept, with the hand-colouring adding greatly to the final effect. The work was first published in 1613 and consisted of 367 copper engravings, with an average of three plants per page, so that a total of 1084 species were depicted. The first edition printed 300 copies, which took four years to sell.
- British Museum Showcases - Landmarks in Printing :: Hortus Eystettensis
- The Prince Bishop of Eichstatt recorded, in the manuscript Hortus Eystettensis, the spectacular garden he'd created at his palace in Bavaria with plants from around the world.
- Basilius Besler Gallery
- W. Graham Arader III: Paintings, rare books, prints, maps and atlases. - gallery of images from the 'HORTUS EYSTETTENSIS (
His 'HORTUS EYSTETTENSIS (The Garden of Eichstatt)' contains 374 plates and took 16 years to complete. The principal engraver was Wolfgang Kilian (1581-1662); as many as ten other artists and engravers may also have been employed. Over one thousand flowers were depicted, representing 667 species with exemplary fidelity to nature. The rhythmic patterns of roots, however, betray the decorative linear conventions of the era of Albrecht Durer and Lucas Cranach.
The 'HORTUS EYSTETTENSIS' was one of the first printed herbals to be illustrated. Such an undertaking was of inestimable value to doctors, pharmacists- and their patients. The 'HORTUS EYSTETTENSIS' also represented a significant effort to systematize botanical nomenclature, which would not be standardized until the publication of Linnaeus' system in 1753. - Botanical prints, Basilius Besler's Hortus Eystettensis, antique original botanical prints, Besler Botanical Prints
- Original Natural History prints of Basilius Besler
- Biography
- Basilius Besler (1591-1629) was a pharmacist in Nuremberg. During the rule of bishop Johann Conrad von Gemmingen (approx. 1561-1612) he was in charge of the bishop's gardens in Eichstätt. In 1586 Besler took over the pharmacy at the Nuremberg hay market. He set up his own botanical gardens and a comprehensive collection of natural history specimens and was soon known as a botanist and collector of natural history specimens.
Sunflower from Hortus Eystettensis
BOOKS: Basilius Besler
books on Amazon
Besler Florilegium
This magnificent facsimile edition of a rare hand-colored 17th-century masterpiece is one of the most splendid works ever produced on ornamental flowering plants. The oversize botanical drawings are accompanied by the original captions rendered in exquisite calligraphy.
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Botanical Prints from the Hortus Eystettensis: Selections from the Most Beautiful Botanical Book in the World
These wonderful prints feature the extraordinary botanical drawings made in the 17th century. Each of the 25 color illustrations is suitable for framing.
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Hortus Eystettensis
Hortus Eystettensis was published in 1613 to document a garden created by the Prince-Bishop of Eichstatt which contained all the shrubs and flowering plants known at the time; 367 plates illustrate more than 1,000 species. It was printed from copper engravings in a very large format, and a few of the copies (no more than 25) were printed on special paper and individually hand-colored by teams of illuminators. One of these priceless volumes is owned by the British Library; and Barker, former deputy keeper there, set out to find the extant colored copies, compare them, and establish the full history of this monumental book. The text is accompanied by 80 full-page reproductions which, even in this oversize volume (12x15"), are only half the size of the originals, and comparative details from the different copies.
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The Book of Plants: The Complete Plates (Taschen 25th Anniversary Series)
TASCHEN's 25th anniversary - Special edition! New design, new low price! The most famous botanical record ever committed to paper: Basilius Besler's complete Book of Plants of 1613 A magnificent pictorial document of the flowers grown in the greatest German garden of its time, the Book of Plants is in a class of its own when it comes to the variety and range of flowers engraved. Working under Basilius Besler, a team of at least ten engravers worked on this massive project, translating in situ and specimen drawings faithfully to copper plates. Nearly four hundred years old, the book has survived though the gardens did not; they were destroyed by invading Swedish troops in 1634. However, in 1998 a reconstruction of the original garden opened to the public in Eichst?tt. This facsimile's reproductions - structured by seasons - are taken from a hand-painted edition, one of only a few still extant. In auction, the asking price for a first edition copy is half a million dollars. You can now enjoy its unique qualities for somewhat less.
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Besler's Book of Flowers and Plants: 73 Full-Color Plates from Hortus Eystettensis, 1613 (Pictorial Archive Series)
One of the great treasures of botanical literature, the Hortus Eystettensis vividly illustrated and identified the plants, flowers, and trees that thrived in the legendary German garden at Eichstätt. This book presents intricately detailed plates from that original masterpiece, showcasing the garden's lush variety of plants.
See also my book review below
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Basilius Besler (1561 - 1629)
Georg Dionys Ehret (1708 - 1770)
a collection of links to sites about Georg Dionys Ehret and his botanical illustrations
The Hunt Institute has an exhibition 1 May-6 October 1967 "Georg D. Ehret (A Selection of His Botanical Paintings)"
- Hunt Institute: Georg Dionys Ehret
- Botanical artist Georg Dionys Ehret Collection at Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation.
- Georg Dionysius Ehret - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Georg Dionysius Ehret (1708 - 1770) was a botanist and entomologist, and is best known for his botanical illustrations.
- SICD -Ehret, Georgius Dionysius (1750) Plantae selectae
- SICD Universities of Strasbourg - Digital old books
Ehret, Georgius Dionysius (1750) Plantae selectae
Read the digital version of this book online - The Art of Georg Dionysius Ehret
- This is the text of the exhibit on display in the rare book room of the Warren H. Corning Library and Visitor Center of The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road, Kirtland, Ohio from January 6 through February 2, 1999
BOOKS: Georg Dionysius Ehret
From the Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium by Maria Sibylla Meria
BOOKS: Maria Sibylla Merian
Maria Sibylla Merian and Daughters: Women of Art and Science
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Merian's Antique Botanical Prints CD-ROM and Book (Pictorial Archives)
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Flowers, Butterflies and Insects: All 154 Engravings from "Erucarum Ortus" (Dover Pictorial Archive Series)
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Chrysalis: Maria Sibylla Merian and the Secrets of Metamorphosis
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Maria Sibylla Merian: Artist And Naturalist
Release Date: 07/02/1998
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"Clerodendrum viscosum" by Pierre-Joseph Redouté From : Jardin de la Malmaison (1801)
BOOKS: The history of botanical art and botanical illustration
books on Amazon
Amazing Rare Things: The Art of Natural History in the Age of Discovery
From the fifteenth century onwards, as European explorers sailed forth on grand voyages of discovery, their encounters with exotic plants and animals fanned intense scientific interest. Scholars began to examine nature with fresh eyes, and pioneering artists transformed the way nature was seen and understood. In Amazing Rare Things, renowned naturalist and documentary-maker David Attenborough joins with expert colleagues to explore how artists portrayed the natural world during this era of burgeoning scientific interest. The book focuses on an exquisite selection of natural history drawings and watercolors by Leonardo da Vinci, Alexander Marshal, Maria Sibylla Merian, and Mark Catesby, and from the collection of Cassiano dal Pozzo-works all held in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle. Attenborough and his coauthors offer lucid commentary on topics ranging from the 30,000-year history of human drawings of the natural world, to Leonardo's fascination with natural processes, to Catesby's groundbreaking studies that introduced Europeans to the plants and animals of North America. With 160 full color illustrations, this beautiful book will appeal to readers with interests that extend from art and science to history and nature.
Amazon Price: $24.75 (as of 11/11/2009)
Botanical Illustration
Although botanical drawings are specialised scientific renderings they possess an endearing universal appeal. Their commitment to accuracy in no way limits their aesthetic merit as full-fledged works of art. The images in this book are chosen from thousands of illustrations from the 16th to the early 20th century. Some of the drawings, even from Pierre-Joseph Redoute, have never been published before.
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The Art of Natural History: Illustrated Treatises and Botanical Paintings, 1400-1850 (Studies in the History of Art Series)
"Making knowledge visible" is how one 16th-century naturalist described the work of the illustrator of botanical treatises. His words reflected the growing role played by illustrators at a time when the study of nature had been assuming new authority in the world of learning. An absorbing exploration of the relationship between image and text, this collection considers how both aided the development and transmission of scientific knowledge. Presenting images found throughout Europe in works on natural history, medicine, botany, horticulture, and garden design, and studies of insects, birds, and animals, the contributors emphasize their artistic as well as scientific values. Illustrators are shown to have been both artists and either naturalists or gardeners, bringing to their work aesthetic judgment and empirical observation. Their fascinating images receive a fresh, wide-ranging analysis that covers such topics as innovation, patronage, readership, reception, technologies of production, and the relationship between the fine arts and scientific depictions of nature.
Amazon Price: $52.00 (as of 11/11/2009)
Flora: An Illustrated History of the Garden Flower
With stunning illustrations from the Royal Horticultural Society's Lindley Library collection and concise text by Royal Horticultural Society archivist Dr. Brent Elliott, Flora tell the fascinating story of the worldwide botanical exploration undertaken over the past 500 years. Founded in 1804, the RHS led the way in sending collectors around the world in search of new floral species, fostering the domestic cultivation of the garden flowers we know and love today. In the process the RHS has built an unrivaled collection of stunning artworks and rare books covering five centuries of plant history. The Society's Lindley Library is one of the world's finest horticulture archives, containing more than 250,000 paintings, illustrations and rare books. The illustrations in Flora, many by the great names in botanical art, are notable not only for their historical value in charting the development of garden flowers, but also for their indisputable beauty and artistic merit. Flora is divided into six geographical sections: Europe; Middle East; Southern & Tropical Africa; Australasia & The Pacific; The Americas; and Asia. Biographies of the botanists and artists are also included.The history of botanical illustration is long and broad. Today, the art is undergoing a renaissance: botanical illustrations are found on everything from greeting cards to wallpaper to expensive original artworks. This spectacular collection of Royal Horticultural Society illustrations will capture the attention of gardeners and art lovers alike.
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Picturing Plants: An Analytical History of Botanical Illustrations
Some of the most ravishing images in the history of illustration have been those of plants. But who drew plants, and why? How have these images reflected our changing relationship with the natural world? The beautifully illustrated book explores the purpose and function of the whole range of botanical art, from early woodcut herbals and painted florilegia, botanical treatises and records of new discoveries, to gardening manuals, seed catalogs, and field guides for the amateur enthusiast . Gill Saunders complements the illustrations with detailed captions and an informative text, making this book for both specialist and lay reader. Drawing on a rich archive of material in the Victoria and Albert Museum, much of it unpublished untill now, Saunders presents works ranging from the fifteenth-century printed book to the art of contemporary illustrators. She includes acknowledged masters such as Ehret and Redoute as well as lesser-known examples from China, japan, and India. In addition to their intrinsic beauty, plant illustrations have mirrored the curious and fascinating relationship between art and science.
The artist's challenge has been to reconcile the often conflicting demands of those disciplines within a single image. Picturing Plants captures both this complex cultural history and the distinctive loveliness of botanical illustration, bringing a fresh approach to a perennially fascinating subject.
Amazon Price: $30.36 (as of 11/11/2009)
Books not on Amazon
- National Museum Wales Books - The Paradise Garden
- An introduction to the development of botanical illustration. This art form, a true marriage of art and science, has developed in order to preserve the ephemeral beauty of plants and to explore their medical benefits.
Features over one hundred illustrations, including breathtaking paintings by such renowned artists as Ehret and Redouté. This elegant book reveals some of the treasures of the National Museum & Gallery's collection of botanical illustrations, too fragile to be on permanent display. - National Museum Wales Books - Catalogue of Botanical Prints and Drawings
- The extensive collections of botanical prints and drawings held by the National Museums & Galleries of Wales, which include over 7,000 works, are catalogued here for the first time. They include works by such renowned artists as Blackwell, Ehret and Redoute. Seventy-five colour illustrations reveal some of the treasures from the collections, and the catalogue includes portraits and biographies of some of the people who form the history of this fascinating science.
The development of botanical art
- Rhagor | Drawn from nature: Botanical illustrations
- Mankind has always been fascinated by flowers, by their beauty, and by their possibilities for healing and knowledge.
Amgueddfa Cymru holds a unique collection of more than 9,000 botanical illustrations spanning five centuries.
500 years of botanical illustrations
The collection traces the development of botanical illustration and its relationship between art and science from the medieval herbals of the Dark Ages, when man feared nature, through the Enlightenment and the great voyages of discovery to the contemporary illustrations of the 21st century. - Rhagor | A passion for plants: botanical illustration by women artists
- The Museum's collection of botanical illustrations consists of more than 9,000 prints and drawings. Many of the works in the collection have fascinating and courageous stories linked to them. In particular, there are stories of the women artists who took part in scientific discovery.
- Rhagor | Giant Waterlily Navigator
- The gigantic waterlily from South America, Victoria regia, now Victoria amazonica, was discovered in 1801 and named in honor of Queen Victoria in 1838.
Move around a close up image of this highly detailed lithograph using the links in the image.
Important Botanical Gardens and Botanists in History
The History of Botanical Art - Other Botanists and Artists
- Pedanius Dioscorides - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- The early printed herbals took advantage of earlier manuscripts, notably Dioscorides' (40-90 AD) De materia medica, the ultimate authority for over 1,500 years.
A number of illustrated manuscripts of the Materia Medica survive, some of them from as early as the 5th through 7th centuries. The most famous of these early copies is the Vienna Dioscurides (512/513). - Hieronymus Bock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Hieronymus Bock From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hieronymus Bock , also seen as "Boch", (1498 - February 21, 1554) also known under his latinised name Hieronymus Tragus, was a German botanist, physician, and Lutheran minister who began the transition from medieval botany to the modern scientific worldview by arranging plants by their relation or resemblance. His 1546 Kreuterbuch or "herbal" was illustrated by the artist David Kandel. In the wine world, Bock is noted for having the first documented use of the modern word Riesling in 1552 when it was mentioned in his Latin herbal. - Wikipedia - Leonhart Fuchs - 1501-1566
- Leonhart Fuchs (17 January 1501 - 10 May 1566), sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs,[1] was a German physician and one of the three founding fathers of botany.
- Natural History Exhibit Chronological Tour - William Curtis
- William Curtis (1746-1799) was from a Quaker family much interested in medicine. He was
apprenticed to an apothecary who left him his business, but he sold it to concentrate on his real interest, the
study of natural history, - handprint : botanical illustration
- Botanical Illustration is one of the oldest watercolor genres, associated throughout its history with the importance of plants to human health, recreation, and appreciation of beauty.
- Rhagor | Early Herbals - The German fathers of botany
- Amgueddfa Cymru has a number of pre-1701 books in the Museum's Library, including a number of 16th- and 17th-century 'herbals' featuring examples of the works of three men who have been described as the 'German fathers of botany'
These are:
- Hieronymous Bock (1498-1554)
- Otto Brunfels (1489-1534)
- Leonhard Fuchs (1501-66) - Walter Hood Fitch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Walter Hood Fitch (February 28, 1817 - 1892) was a botanist and botanical artist. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. Fitch was involved in fabric printing from the age of 17 and took to botanical art after being discovered by William Jackson Hooker, the editor of Curtis's Botanical Magazine. In 1841, W.J. Hooker became director of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Fitch moved to London. After 1841 Fitch was the sole artist for all official and unofficial publications issued by Kew.
- John Nugent Fitch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- John Nugent Fitch (1840-1927), botanical illustrator and lithographer, best known for his contribution of 528 plates to The Orchid Album, a landmark work of eleven volumes published between 1872 and 1897.
- Plants and Gardens Portrayed: Rare and Illustrated Books from The LuEsther T. Mertz Library
- The LuEsther T. Mertz Library of the New York Botanical Garden houses a treasury of published and archival documents that trace the development of botany and horticulture from the twelfth century to the present day. The collections reflect the evolution of plant study from its origins in ancient medicine and agriculture to the most modern advances in plant molecular biology. The Mertz Library holds an excellent representation of the important pioneering botanical and horticultural works published in Europe and America over the past 500 years. In addition to scientific studies, a large collection of books, journals, and ephemera such as nursery catalogs, represents the history of popular gardening, garden design, and the nursery trade.
From this wealth of materials, the exhibition Plants and Gardens Portrayed focuses on three areas of special strength in the collection of rare and illustrated books: the emergence of the study of plants from early medicine; international plant exploration and the introduction of new species; and the evolution of garden design. The rarely seen images exhibited here demonstrate the development of published illustration to communicate knowledge about plants and gardens.
A view of Chelsea Physic Garden
Traditional and/or eminent Botanical Gardens
- Making a Mark: A visit to the Chelsea Physic Garden
- A review of a visit to the Chelsea Physic Garden in London
- Chelsea Physic Garden
- The Chelsea Physic Garden was founded by the Society of Apothecaries in 1673 in order to promote the study of botany in relation to medicine, then known as the "physic" or healing arts.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Home Page
- I'm a Premier Friend of Kew and can highly recommend the gardens at both Kew and Wakehurst Place in Surrey both as places to visit and gardens which are worth supporting.
- The Medieval Garden Enclosed
- The Medieval Garden Enclosed METMUSEUM.ORG
THE CLOISTERS MUSEUM & GARDENS
The Cloisters, the branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of medieval Europe, was assembled from architectural elements, both domestic and religious, that date from the twelfth through the fifteenth century. The building and its cloistered gardens?located in Fort Tryon Park in Northern Manhattan?are treasures in themselves, effectively part of the collection housed there. The Cloisters collection comprises approximately five thousand works of art from medieval Europe, dating from about the ninth to the fifteenth century.
The Cloisters Museum and Gardens is pleased to announce a new blog called "The Medieval Garden Enclosed," which will keep visitors up to date on all the latest happenings?including what's in bloom?at the spectacular gardens in Fort Tryon Park. The blog will be hosted and moderated by the horticulturalists and medievalists on staff at The Cloisters
Leonhart Fuchs (17 January 1501 - 10 May 1566)
Making A Mark and Botanical Art
Book reviews, resources for artists and art lovers and a blog
Resources for Artists sites - botanical art, flowers and gardens
more sites to interest the botanical artist and botanical art lover
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Gardens in Art - Resources for Artists
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If you love looking at paintings of gardens or enjoy drawing or painting your own garden or gardens you visit then this site will interest you. It also looks at gardens as art and artwork in gardens. It shares links to information about: - looking at...
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Botanical Art - Art Book Reviews for Artists
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Find botanical art boks. Read my book reviews of botanical art, first published on my blog Making A Mark plus reviews by other people (in due course). I've also included reviews of books by or about famous artists who have been interested in the str...
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Botanical Art - Resources for Artists
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This site shares information about botanical art - societies, collections, books and other resources which support the development of botanical art. It also links to leading botanical artists in the past and present. Its subject matter will interest...
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Flowers in Art - Resources for Artists
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Do you love looking at flowers in art? Do you want to know how to learn to draw or paint flowers? Do you want to improve your flower drawings or flower paintings? Or do you just love flowers? If you do then consult the resources in this lens to find...
My book reviews
- Making a Mark: Book Review: Merian's Antique Botanical Prints
- All the engravings in the Merian book are taken from Erucarum Ortus, Alimentum et Paradoxa Metamorphosis published in Amsterdam in 1718. This was a book published by her daughter after her death and concerns the transformation of caterpillars in butterflies - and the plants associated with that process en route.
- Making a Mark: Book Review: Besler's Book of Flowers and Plants
- Some 5,000 plants in Germany's famous garden at Eichstätt were recorded in copperplate engravings. These were later published in Hortus Eystettensis (which is Latin and means 'The Garden at Eichstätt') by Basilius Besler.
- Making a Mark: Book Review - 1001 Plant and floral illustrations from early herbals
- In reality there's very little text and an awful lot of engravings and illustrations used in early herbals. I find the herbals to be very attractive in their simplicity.
Richard G Hatton compiled a book of illustrations taken from his earlier book The Craftsman's Plant Book. I found a first edition leather bound first edition (1909) of this being offered for £150 on the internet so this paperback version for £17 is something of a bargain! - Making a Mark: Volume 1 of The Highgrove Florilegium is published
- This week the first volume of the Highgrove Florilegium was published by Alecto Publications. In this post I'm looking at
* the definition of a Florilegium,
* the publication of the first volume of the Highgrove Florilegium
* Historical Florilegia
* Contemporary Florilegia in the making
- Interviews with artists
- Information about resources for ar - Making a Mark: Treasures of Botanical Art - a recommended read
- Treasures of Botanical Art by Shirley Sherwood and Martyn Rix has been published by Kew Publishing to mark the inaugural exhibition of the The Shirley Sherwood Gallery in Kew Gardens, the first gallery in the world to be dedicated to year round exhibitions of botanical art.
The book is extensively illustrated and features some 200 illustrations of paintings and drawings from both the Kew and Shirley Sherwood collections.
It provides an overview of the most significant artists from the 1600s through to contemporary artists and informative essays on the origins, history and relevance of botanical illustration with special reference to both the Kew and Shirley Sherwood collections.
Making A Mark
Katherine Tyrrell's blogging portfolio about: - Making a mark creating drawings with pastels, pencils and pen and ink - Art projects - Notable Artists - Developing art careers - Art blogs and blogging about art - Reviews of art books and exhibitions - Inf
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Who is Making A Mark?
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Who is Making A Mark?
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I'm an artist with a very wide range of interests who enjoys learning about art, making art and sharing information about art. I've combined all my information sites with sections of my other websites and blogs to highlight my main interests and acti...
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- Botanical Art - Art Book Reviews for Artists
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