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rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the gathering, or accumulating and storing, of rainwater.Rainwater harvesting has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation or to refill aquifers in a process called groundwater recharge. Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses, tents and local institutions, or from specially prepared areas of ground, can make an important contribution to drinking water. In some cases, rainwater may be the only available, or economical, water source. Rainwater systems are simple to construct from inexpensive local materials, and are potentially successful in most habitable locations. Roof rainwater is usually of good quality and does not require treatment before consumption. Household rainfall catchment systems are appropriate in areas with an average rainfall greater than 200mm per year, and no other accessible water sources (Skinner and Cotton, 1992).
There are a number of types of systems to harvest rainwater ranging from very simple to the complex industrial systems. Generally, rainwater is either harvested from the ground or from a roof. The rate at which water can be collected from either system is dependent on the plan area of the system, its efficiency, and the intensity of rainfall.
Urban Water Supply
Demand for water is growing in most cities as every urban citizen requires almost double the amount of water that a rural citizen requires. Moreover, India is rapidly urbanising.<
Urban population in India has grown almost five times in five decades from 1951 (62.44 million) to 2001 (286.08). Not long ago, most of our cities were self sufficient in meeting their water needs from the extensive urban water bodies to supply water to citizens. Today these water bodies have completely disappeared. Municipalities have been stretched to their limits to find water for the growing urban populations. Groundwater is being extracted by the government as well as the private parties.
There are a number of types of systems to harvest rainwater ranging from very simple to the complex industrial systems. Generally, rainwater is either harvested from the ground or from a roof. The rate at which water can be collected from either system is dependent on the plan area of the system, its efficiency, and the intensity of rainfall.
Urban Water Supply
Demand for water is growing in most cities as every urban citizen requires almost double the amount of water that a rural citizen requires. Moreover, India is rapidly urbanising.<
Urban population in India has grown almost five times in five decades from 1951 (62.44 million) to 2001 (286.08). Not long ago, most of our cities were self sufficient in meeting their water needs from the extensive urban water bodies to supply water to citizens. Today these water bodies have completely disappeared. Municipalities have been stretched to their limits to find water for the growing urban populations. Groundwater is being extracted by the government as well as the private parties.
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- yoga pocture
- There are major branches of yoga in Hindu philosophy include Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Hatha Yoga.
Rain Water Harvesting Methods
Any land anywhere can be used to harvest rainwater The fundamental reason: extend the fruits of the monsoon The basic principle: Catch water where it falls
1. Traditional : Water has been harvested in India since antiquity, with our ancestors perfecting the art of water management. This is a look at some of the traditional schemes of water harvesting, dying wisdom's, which are slowly being lost to the modern onslaught.
2. Modern : To address the challenges of water security in the new millennium, a mixture of traditional wisdom and new techniques must be employed. See some of the modern systems that are being used in India's cities, systems which merely build upon the lore of the past.
At http://www.squidoo.com/home-trend we would like to mention the important role of Rainwater Harvesters
1.Ganesan : Age: 57
Town: Madaivini Patti
District: Madurai
State: Tamil Nadu
If you met Ganesan on the street, you will never know that his work requires the skills of a top-of-the-drawer business executive. He manages the water supply of Madaivini Patti, a hamlet on the outskirts of Village Vairavan Patti in district Madurai, Tamil Nadu. He is a neerkatti (the irrigator in Tamil).
2 Kunhikannan Nair's
Age: 55
Town: Kodom Vellur
District: Kasargod
State: Kerala
Kunhikannan Nair's gait is easefully languid, verging on sloth. There is an unmistakable economy of movement. But his hands are different. Varicose veins wrap around supple muscles. Symbols of endless toil and latent power. He looks very young for his 55 years. Just like the man who will carve out a surangam, a 300-metre-deep tunnel in rock, which collects rainwater from the ghats.
3.Chewang Norphel
Age: 62
Town: Leh
District: Ladakh
State: Jammu and Kashmir
Falling in the rain-shadow area of the Himalaya, Ladakh is a cold, mountainous desert. During winter, temperature drops below the -30°c mark. Annual average rainfall is 50 mm. Dearth of water is the most important problem. The only source is glacier water from the mountains. They melt in summer, releasing the little water that the people of Ladakh get. This water is however managed by the people with the utmost care. It is stored for use throughout the year. Small wonder Norphel realised the importance of water.
4.Ran Singh
Age: 62
Town: Lahsedi
District: Churu
State: Rajasthan
The structures are kundis. Small, covered tanks to store rainwater captured by the neat surrounding 'saucers'. Under the dome is a well which holds the water. They are the main source of water for the villagers. The saline groundwater is no good.
5.Magga Ram Suthar
Age: 67
Town: Pithla
District: Jaisalmer
State: Rajasthan
Pokran zero. We stand at a national security milestone. Here lies the holiest shrine of Indian technological (mis)ability. Here, High Science priests A P J Abdul Kalam and R Chidambaram recently did puja to nuclear competence.
But we are least interested in either the shrine or this kind of competence. We are looking for Magga Ram Suthar, who makes beris or kuis. Who with hammer and ancient acumen makes water available, and so tackles a matter of greater security and importance.
by purehealth
There are major branches of yoga in Hindu philosophy include Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Hatha Yoga.I am researching on Yog an... more »
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