How Venetian Glass Beads Are Made

HOW VENETIAN GLASS BEADS ARE MADE

Using coloured glass rods heated and then cooled

In the 14th Century, beautiful hand-crafted beads with vivid colours and intricate designs and distinctive floral appearance were used by Venetians as trading currency in Europe and Africa.

In the 1620's, the main Italian glass industry moved to Murano and the beads are now known interchangeably as Murano or Venetian glass. They are also sometimes called fused glass is because of the technique used to apply the coloured glass to the glass core.

Later, Venetian Glass beads were used for various decorative art objects

such as Victorian English jewellery

including earrings, necklaces and bracelets and also doorknobs and paperweights, all of which are often seen in antique shops

Artisans use a mandrel to manufacture the beads

A Mandrel is a metal rod.

To form the core of the bead, heated glass is wrapped around a thin metal rod. When cooled, the glass contracts, causing the centre to open sufficiently for the bead to slide off the inner rod.

To make floral beads

glass artisans first create a series of glass rods comprised of a centre covered with thinner rods around the outside.

The composite rods are heated and stretched until they have the smallest possible diameter.

Floral Beads

Heating and stretching to form a flower design

Looked at from the end, the resulting design resembles a flower. After cooling, the rods are thinly sliced and the slices are then melded into a glass bead to create intricate floral designs of vivid colours.

How Particular Types of Glass Beads are Made:

There are several different kinds of glass beads

Have a look at the ones opposite. I have made earrings with striped glass, but have not got any transparent ones like these ones, which I found during my research - I will have to see if I can find some now, as they are very attractive, aren't they?

Lampwork:

A wound glass bead is formed

by winding molten glass around copper wire heated over a lamp

Mosaic:

Mosaic beads are composed entirely of colourful fused segments of glass cane,

which is a long drawn rod of glass.

The intricate and detailed work on the beads opposite is breathtaking - what skill!

Millefiori:

Layers of colourful glass are fused in cross section and melted onto the surface of a bead.

The resulting surface might look like flowers, faces, an abstract pattern, or even a realistic scene. For instance, two layers of different-colour glass, might be rolled up like a jelly roll, and then sliced.

Swarovski Crystal:

These are leaded (crystal) glass beads with a very high brilliance

They are called after Daniel Swarovski, born in Bohemia in 1862, who invented a machine to cut glass.

The earrings opposite are made with Swarovski crystal beads and cut-out brass beads - one of my own designs which I am selling on my website www.gloriousconfusion.com

Chevron:

This bead is formed by a drawn-out layered glass block sectioned into beads;

Their ends are cut or ground down to create a zigzag pattern, usually blue with white and red stripes.

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Blown:

The glass blower blows into a glass tube that has a small piece of molten glass on the end, which is turned over heat until the bead reaches the desired size