Who is James Madison | 4th US President | Constitutional Convention Father

James Madison (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836), was an American politician and the fourth President of the United States (1809-1817), and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Considered to be the "Father of the Constitution", he was the principal author of the document. In 1788, he wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, still the most influential commentary on the Constitution. As a leader in the first Congresses, he drafted many basic laws and was responsible for the first ten amendments to the Constitution (said to be based on the Virginia Declaration of Rights), and thus is also known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights". As a political theorist, Madison's most distinctive belief was that the new republic needed checks and balances to limit the powers of special interests, which Madison called factions. He believed very strongly that the new nation should fight against aristocracy and corruption and was deeply committed to creating mechanisms that would ensure republicanism in the United States.

As leader in the House of Representatives, Madison worked closely with President George Washington to organize the new federal government. Breaking with Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in 1791, Madison and Thomas Jefferson organized what they called the republican party (later called the Democratic-Republican Party) in opposition to key policies of the Federalists, especially the national bank and the Jay Treaty. He secretly co-authored, along with Thomas Jefferson, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Laws.

As Jefferson's Secretary of State (1801-1809), Madison supervised the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the nation's size, and sponsored the ill-fated Embargo Act of 1807. As president, he led the nation into the War of 1812 against Great Britain in order to protect the United States' economic rights. That conflict began poorly as Americans suffered defeat after defeat by smaller forces, but ended on a high note in 1815, after which a new spirit of nationalism swept the country. During and after the war, Madison reversed many of his positions. By 1815, he supported the creation of the second National Bank, a strong military, and a high tariff to protect the new factories opened during the war. Wikipedia Source

• James Madison at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Essay on Madison and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady
• James Madison: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
• James Madison Biography and Fact File
• Quotations by James Madison at Liberty-Tree.ca
• The James Madison Papers, 1723-1836 About 12,000 items captured in 72,000 images
• The Papers of James Madison from the Avalon Project
• Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments, 1785
• Madison's last will and testament, 1835
• Official White House page for James Madison
• Works by James Madison at Project Gutenberg
• James Madison Museum
• Montpelier-Home of James Madison
• Alumni who changed America, and the world
• James Madison Letters
• James Madison and the Social Utility of Religion: Risks vs. Rewards, James Hutson, Library of Congress
• Memories of Montpelier: Home of James and Dolley Madison, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan

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