The History of Landscape Painting

History of the Landscape Genre

links to online articles and information websites

Landscapes, Classical to Modern Curriculum (Education at the Getty)

This curriculum from the Getty Museum for elementary and secondary students explores ideas behind western landscape art.

Landscape Painting: History, Development, Artists

Landscape Painting Genre: History, Examples, Famous Plein-Air Artists

Best Landscape Artists, Top 10 List of Greatest Painters of Landscapes, Scenic Views: Oils, Watercolours, Plein-Air: 1400-Present

Best Landscape Artists, Top 10 List of Greatest Painters of Landscapes: Sisley, Cuyp, Corot, Jacob Van Ruisdal, Claude Lorraine, Constable, Monet, JMW Turner: Oils, Watercolours: 1400-Present

Smithsonian: Landscape Painting - Artists who love the land

Smithsonian Institution lesson plans in History, Art, Science, Language Arts and Social Studies.
An introduction to landscape painting and American landscape artists: Catlin - Moran - Bierstadt - Homer

Articles about Landscape paintings

The Guardian - Arcadian fire: how British art fell in love with the pastoral

Two new shows reveal how artists such as Gainsborough, Sir Peter Lely and Paul Sandby depicted a golden, escapist Britain. By Jonathan Jones

The Picturesque - subjects

Subjects for Landscape Paintings

Developing Subjects for Landscape Painting - Victoria and Albert Museum

BRITISH WATERCOLOURS 1750 - 1900 Developing Subjects for Landscape Painting
From the middle of the 18th century a number of British writers sought to define and categorise human responses to natural phenomena, most notably Edmund Burke with his exploration of the 'sublime' and the 'beautiful', and William Gilpin and his theory of the 'picturesque'.

Landscape painting in Britain was affected both directly and indirectly by such theories, and the development of certain subjects in the late 18th century suggest their influence. These four themed groups of watercolours loosely reflect both 18th century aesthetic theory and artistic practice; Italy, Ruins, Mountains, and Cottages & Churches.

Italy - Victoria and Albert Museum

DEVELOPING SUBJECTS FOR LANDSCAPE PAINTING
For many 18th century British artists Italy was a land of inspiration - with its classical remains and Renaissance art and architecture. For British patrons, the Italian landscape was often imagined through the golden glow of the 17th century paintings by Claude Lorraine, evocations of a sun-drenched distant classical past.

Before the invention of photography in the 1830s, some artists were sponsored by wealthy gentlemen on the Grand Tour to record sites of personal interest to their patron.

Ruins - Victoria and Albert Museum

DEVELOPING SUBJECTS FOR LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Ruins were originally of interest mainly to antiquarians, and the Antiquarian Society which formed in the early 18th century, employed a number of artists to record notable sites......Ruins gained a new currency in the late 18th century as a subject for landscape painting through William Gilpin's 'Picturesque Tours', published from 1782. According to Gilpin, ruins were 'useful' in a landscape because their broken lines - enhanced by moss, ivy, a wall topped with twisting bushes - provided variety' through irregularity, which delighted the eye.

Mountains - Victoria and Albert Museum

DEVELOPING SUBJECTS FOR LANDSCAPE PAINTING
The British first became accustomed to paintings of mountainous scenery through the popular dramatic work of the 17th century Italian Salvator Rosa.............Later, Edmund Burke, in 'A Philosophical Inquiry Into The Origin Of Our Ideas Of The Sublime & Beautiful', published in 1757, sought to explain the sense of awe, of God's presence, that many experienced with 'sublime' natural phenomena such as mountains; why in the words of the poet Thomas Grey, the Alps were 'pregnant with religion and poetry'. A further aesthetic treatise, by Alexander Cozens, strongly associated mountains with 'surprise, terror, superstition, silence, melancholy, power, strength.'

Cottages & Churches - Victoria and Albert Museum

DEVELOPING SUBJECTS FOR LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Gainsborough was an important pioneer, giving popular pictorial expression to contemporary English rustic landscape. In fact, what today seem typically English motifs - church spires and cottages peeping from among trees - were inspired by Dutch 17th-century landscape paintings.

The Poetic Landscape

handprint : the poetic landscape

The poetic landscape presents the geography and architecture of landscape from a subjective point of view, using elements of myth, fantasy or the picturesque. These works form a long but complex tradition in European painting, culminating in the romantic landscape of the 19th century. The poetic landscape style is important to watercolor painting because it developed many of the technical methods and artistic models that lifted the medium from topographical tinted drawings to finished and artistically ambitious paintings.

handprint : the poetic landscape - Gilpin and the Picturesque

According to Gilpin, the term picturesque was "expressive of that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture," which he set up as a new type of beauty alongside Burke's beautiful and sublime. At its core, the picturesque was characterized by a roughness and variety of subject, painted in broad and simplified contrasts of value, with a laconic absence of fussy details; and the artist was entirely free to alter the actual appearance of things to produce a desired artistic effect.

The Art of the Landscape - Britain

timeline, movements and artists

The Art of the Landscape: Britain

This page contains links to more information about British Landscape Artists and a timeline index of British Landscape Art. More information will be added as the project progresses. Some of the links are to threads in the Art of the Landscape Ning Forum

Landscape Painting in England

English Landscape Painting, 18th/19th Century: History, Development, Styles, Artists: JMW Turner, John Constable

English School of Landscape Painting, 18th/19th Century: Origins, History, Methods, Artists, Media: Oils/Watercolours, Turner, Constable, Girtin, Richard Wilson, Gainsborough

Famous landscape artists in the UK (Past)

Thomas Gainsborough - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Gainsborough (christened 14 May 1727 - died 2 August 1788) was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain.

Thomas Girtin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Girtin (18 February 1775 - 9 November 1802) was an English painter and etcher, who played a key role in establishing watercolour as a reputable art form. ... Girtin's early landscapes are akin to 18th-century topographical sketches, but in later years he developed a bolder, more spacious, Romantic style, which had a lasting influence on English painting.

Thomas Gainsborough, Portrait Artist, English School: Biography, Style, Influences, Paintings

Thomas Gainsborough: Portrait Artist, 18th Century English School: Biography, Painting Style, Influences, Examples of Portraits

Thomas Girtin (1775-1802) English Landscape Painter, Watercolours: Biography, Paintings, Engravings

Thomas Girtin, 18th Century English Landscape Painter, Watercolourist: Biography, Paintings, Engravings

John Constable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Constable (11 June 1776 - 31 March 1837) was an English Romantic painter. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home-now known as "Constable Country"

Richard Wilson, English Landscape Painter, 18th Century: Biography, Painting Style, Influences, Legacy

Richard Wilson, English Classical Landscape Painter of 18th Century: Biography, Paintings, Portraits, Art Style, Legacy

Famous Contemporary Landscape Artists in the UK

Peter Doig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Many of Doig's pictures are landscapes, very abstract, with a number harking back to the snowy scenes of his childhood in Canada. Doig's landscapes are splendidly layered formally and conceptually, and draw on assorted artists from art history, including Edvard Munch and Claude Monet to Friedrich and Klimt. His works are frequently based on found photographs (and sometimes of his own), but are not painted in a photorealist style, Doig instead using the photographs simply for reference.

Blogging about British Landscape Painters

Making a Mark: Review: Paul Sandby - Picturing Britain Exhibition at the RA

An exhibition to celebrate the man known as "the father of English watercolour painting" opens at the Royal Academy of Arts in London on Saturday 13th March.

Yesterday I went to see Paul Sandby RA: Picturing Britain, A Bicentenary Exhibition which features over 80 works of art by Paul Sandby (1731 - 1809), celebrates the work of one of the founding members of the Royal Academy and also marks the bicentenary of his death.

The art of the Landscape - Europe

timeline, movements and artists

The Art of the Landscape: Europe

This page contains links to more information about European Landscape Artists (past and present) and a timeline index of European Landscape Art. More information will be added as the project progresses. Some of the links are to threads in the Art of the Landscape Ning Forum

Landscape Painting in France

The Transformation of Landscape Painting in France | Thematic Essay | Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Related Timeline ContentTimelines
----------------------------
France, 1600-1800 A.D.
France, 1800-1900 A.D.Thematic Essays
----------------------------
American Impressionism
Americans in Paris, 1860–1900
Claude Monet (1840-1926)
The Daguerreian Age in France: 1839

Flemish Landscape Painting

Flemish Baroque painting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dutch and Flemish Landscape painting of the Baroque period

Notable Landscape Artists in Europe

Category:Landscape artists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Artists whose body of work is landscapes or seascapes.

Eugène Boudin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eugène Boudin (12 July 1824 - 8 August 1898) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors.

Boudin was a marine painter, and expert in the rendering of all that goes upon the sea and along its shores. His pastels, summary and economic, garnered the splendid eulogy of Baudelaire, and Corot who, gazing at his pictures, said to him, "You are the master of the sky."

Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 1525 - 9 September 1569) was a Netherlandish Renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes (Genre Painting).

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 17, 1796[1] - February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching. Corot was the leading painter of the Barbizon school of France in the mid-nineteenth century. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously references the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipates the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

Caspar David Friedrich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Caspar David Friedrich (September 5, 1774 - May 7, 1840) was a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important of the movement.[2] He is best known for his mid-period allegorical landscapes which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. His primary interest as an artist was the contemplation of nature, and his often symbolic and anti-classical work seeks to convey a subjective, emotional response to the natural world. Friedrich's work characteristically sets the human element in diminished perspective amid expansive landscapes, reducing the figures to a scale that, according to the art historian Christopher John Murray, directs "the viewer's gaze towards their metaphysical dimension".[3]

Emil Gruppe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although Gruppe is best known for his variety of impressionistic landscapes, he also painted figures and portraits. His modern style was largely inherited from the French Impressionist Monet.

Jacob Van Ruisdael, Dutch Realist Landscape Painter: Biography, Paintings, The Jewish Cemetery, Rijksmuseum

Jacob Van Ruisdael, 17th Century Dutch Realist Landscape Painter, Haarlem: Biography, Paintings: The Jewish Cemetery, The Cornfield and the Travellers: Exhibitions, Rijksmuseum

Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch Realist Landscape Painter, Italianate Style: Biography, Paintings: Dordrecht School

Aelbert Cuyp, 17th Century Dutch Realist Landscape Painter, Italianate Style, Dordrecht School: Biography, Paintings: The Sea by Moonlight (Hermitage)

Claude Lorrain, Baroque Landscape Painter: Biography, Paintings: Claudean Italianate Classical Landscapes

Claude Lorrain, Baroque Landscape Painter, 17th Century Classical Style: Biography, Paintings: Italianate Mythological Landscapes

Christen Købke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Christen Schiellerup Købke (May 26, 1810 - February 7, 1848). Købke is one of the best known artists belonging to the Golden Age of Danish Painting.

The Art of the Landscape - North America

timeline, movements and artists

The Art of the Landscape: North America

This page contains links to more information about British Landscape Artists and a timeline index of British Landscape Art. More information will be added as the project progresses. Some of the links are to threads in the Art of the Landscape Ning Forum

Famous Landscape Artists in USA

Thomas Cole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Cole

Frederic Edwin Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Frederic Edwin Church (May 4, 1826 - April 7, 1900) was an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters.

Sanford Robinson Gifford - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sanford Robinson Gifford
Born July 10, 1823(1823-07-10) Greenfield, New York Died August 29, 1880 (aged 57)

Albert Bierstadt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Albert Bierstadt (January 8, 1830 - February 18, 1902) was a German-American painter best known for his large landscapes of the American West. In obtaining the subject matter for these works, Bierstadt joined several journeys of the Westward Expansion. Though not the first artist to record these sites, Bierstadt was the foremost painter of these scenes for the remainder of the 19th century.

Bierstadt was part of the Hudson River School, not an institution but rather an informal group of like-minded painters.

Asher Brown Durand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Asher Brown Durand Born August 21, 1796(1796-08-21) Maplewood, New Jersey Died September 17, 1886 aged 90)

Thomas Moran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Moran Born February 12, 1837(1837-02-12) Bolton, Lancashire, England

List of Hudson River School artists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an incomplete List of Hudson River School Artists. The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement

Group of Seven (artists) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Group of Seven were a group of Canadian landscape painters in the 1920s, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varley.

American Art - Landscape Painting

NGA: Themes in American Art: Landscape

A National Gallery of Art resource on themes in American Art.
Landscapes, or views of nature, play a significant role in American art. The earliest American landscape paintings were topographic illustrations of farms, cities, and landmarks that were generally painted for local residents or for Europeans interested in the New World...... Landscape painting came to dominate American art in the 1820s, when artists began to equate the country's unspoiled wilderness with the new nation's seemingly limitless potential.

Luminism (American art style) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Luminism is an American landscape painting style of the 1850s - 1870s, characterized by effects of light in landscapes, through using aerial perspective, and concealing visible brushstrokes. Luminist landscapes emphasize tranquility, and often depict calm, reflective water and a soft, hazy sky.

The term luminism was introduced by 20th century art historians to describe a 19th century American painting style that developed as an offshoot of the Hudson River school. The artists who painted in this style did not refer to their own work as "luminism", nor did they articulate any common painting philosophy outside of the guiding principles of the Hudson River school.

American scene painting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

After World War I many American artists rejected the modern trends emanating from the Armory Show and European influences such as those from the School of Paris. Instead they chose to adopt academic realism in depicting American urban and rural scenes.

Much of American scene painting conveys a sense of nationalism and romanticism in depictions of everyday American life. The works which stress local and small-town themes are often called "American Regionalism", and those depicting urban scenes, with political and social consciousness are called "social realism."

Famous Landscape Artists in Canada

Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven

'Painting Canada: Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven' | Dulwich Picture Gallery

This exhibition will reintroduce their stunning impressions of the Canadian landscape created by Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven to the British public for the first time since the 1920s

Tom Thomson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tom Thomson Born August 5, 1877 Claremont, Ontario. Died July 8, 1917
Tom Thomson, was an influential Canadian artist of the early 20th century. He directly influenced a group of Canadian painters that would come to be known as the Group of Seven, and though he died before they formally formed, he is sometimes incorrectly credited as being a member of the group itself.

Tom Thomson Online

Tom Thomson [Canadian Painter, 1877-1917] Guide to pictures of works by Tom Thomson in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Group of Seven (artists) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Group of Seven, sometimes known as the Algonquin school, were a group of Canadian landscape painters from 1920-1933

Franklin Carmichael - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Franklin Carmichael (May 4, 1890 - October 24, 1945) was a Canadian artist. He was the youngest original member of the Group of Seven.

Franklin Carmichael Online

Franklin Carmichael [Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1890-1945] Guide to pictures of works by Franklin Carmichael in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Lawren Harris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lawren Stewart Harris, CC (October 23, 1885 - January 29, 1970) was a Canadian painter, born in Brantford, Ontario and best known as a member the Group of Seven. He pioneered a distinctly Canadian painting style in the early twentieth century.

Lawren S. Harris Online

Lawren S. Harris [Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1885-1970] Guide to pictures of works by Lawren S. Harris in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

A. Y. Jackson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Alexander Young Jackson, CC, CMG (October 3, 1882 - April 5, 1974) was a Canadian painter and a founding member of the Group of Seven.

A.Y. Jackson Online

A.Y. Jackson [Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1882-1974] Guide to pictures of works by A.Y. Jackson in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Frank Johnston (artist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Frank Johnston (June 19, 1888 - July 19, 1949) was a Canadian artist associated with the Group of Seven.

Frank Johnston Online

Frank Johnston [Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1888-1949] Guide to pictures of works by Frank Johnston in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Arthur Lismer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arthur Lismer, CC (27 June 1885 - 23 March 1969) was an English-born Canadian painter and member of the Group of Seven.

Arthur Lismer Online

Arthur Lismer [English-born Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1885-1969] Guide to pictures of works by Arthur Lismer in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

J. E. H. MacDonald - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

James Edward Hervey MacDonald (May 12, 1873 - November 26, 1932) was born in Durham, England and was a member of the famous Group of Seven Canadian artists.

J.E.H. MacDonald Online

J.E.H. MacDonald [English-born Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1873-1932] Guide to pictures of works by J.E.H. MacDonald in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Frederick Varley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Frederick Horsman Varley, also known as Fred Varley (January 2, 1881 - September 8, 1969), was born in Sheffield, England and was a member of the Canadian Group of Seven artists.

F.H. Varley Online

F.H. Varley [Canadian Group of Seven Painter, 1881-1969] Guide to pictures of works by F.H. Varley in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Dulwich on View | Coast to Coast with Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven

Coast to Coast with Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven - Julian Beecroft's trans-Canada blog

The Art of the Landscape - Asia

timeline, movements and artists

The Art of the Landscape: Asia

This page contains links to more information about Asian Landscape Artists and a timeline index of Asian Landscape Art. More information will be added as the project progresses. Some of the links are to threads in the Art of the Landscape Ning Forum