Monet's Series Paintings - Stacks of Wheat

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Find out more about Monet's Grainstacks Series

Monet's first set of paintings completed as a series were devoted to stacks of wheat in the field next to his home at Giverny. Find out more about Monet's grain stacks series (sometimes called haystacks) - including links to where you can see them in art galleries and museums.

For an explanation of the differences between haystacks and grain stacks see below.

The purpose of Monet's Stacks Series 

A process for exploring light and colour and a symbol of rural French countryside

The series of paintings of stacks of wheat (or grain stacks or haystacks as they are sometimes called) are about Monet's obsession about identifying the colour of light at different times of the day.

The colour of the haystacks vary according to the time of day they were painted and how the light shone on the haystack at the time.

Most of the haystacks were located within 2 miles of his home

The colour that the haystack is perceived to be by Monet is wholly determined by which colours are absorbed by the haystack. What's left is the the colour that cannot be absorbed - and that's the colour of the haystack

Traditionally, it's been thought that the motifs in Monet's series paintings were just objects which he used to explore how light, color, and form changed over the course of the day and in different weather conditions.

However there is now a view that Monet was equally interested in the meaning and significance of the motifs themselves. Stacks of wheat are traditional symbols of rural traditions - in a time of increasing industrialisation and urbanisation. They also symbolise the land's fertility, the local farmers' material wealth, and the region's prosperity.

Making A Mark - posts about Monet's series 

Why and how Monet developed his series paintings
This post looks at:
* why Monet painted series paintings
* when he painted his series paintings
* the various reasons leading to his choice of subject matter
* which paintings are regarded as part of his series paintings
* and finally, how he actually designed and painted the series paintings from a practice perspective.
Monet's series paintings - stacks of wheat
About the motif, design and execution of the series of paintings of stacks of wheat

An Introduction to Monet's Haystacks 

Wikipedia thinks it's haystacks - but they probably don't farm either!

Haystacks is the title of a series of impressionist paintings by Claude Monet. The primary subjects of all of the paintings in the series are stacks of hay that have been stacked in the field after the harvest season. The title refers primarily to a twenty-five canvas series (Wildenstein Index Number 1266-1290) begun the autumn of 1890 and continued through the following spring, using that year's harvest. Some use a broader definition of the title to refer to other paintings by Monet with this same theme. The series is known for its thematic use of repetition to show differences in perception of light across various times of day, seasons, and types of weather. The subjects were painted in fields near Monet's home in Giverny, France.

The series is among Monet's most notable works. Although the largest collections of Monet's work are held in Paris at the Musée d'Orsay and Musée Marmottan Monet, Boston, Massachusetts at the Museum of Fine Arts, New York City at the Metropolitan Museum and Museum of Modern Art and Tokyo at the National Museum of Western Art, six of the twenty-five haystacks pieces are currently housed at the Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, United States holds two, and The Louvre in Paris, France holds one. Other museums that hold parts of this series in their collection include the Hill-Stead Museum in Farmington, Connecticut (which also has one of five from the earlier 1888-9 harvest), National Gallery of Scotland in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Minneapolis Institute of Arts in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Kunsthaus Zürich in Zürich, Switzerland, and Shelburne Museum, Shelburne, Vermont, United States. Several private collections also hold Haystack paintings.

How to tell the difference between haystacks and grain stacks 

Because very few artists and art historians were also farmers, many of the so-called "haystacks" in western art actually depict stacks of wheat or other grain crops. For centuries before the hay-baler and combine-harvester dropped bales of similar dimensions in hayfields and wheat-fields, haymaking and harvesting created very different landscapes. In many parts of the world they still do.

Hay was cut from green grass with a scythe, laid in parallel windrows on the ground, dried and turned with hand-held or horse-drawn rakes after a few days of sunshine, raked by hand or horse-drawn sleds into "cobs" or "cocks" or head-high stacks in the field for further drying, then carted to the farmyard or barn where they were made into more durable ricks or stacks out of the weather's way.

Grain crops were cut with scythe or sickle when the plants had already turned from green to gold; the fallen plants were immediately bundled into a sheaf, tied with a few straw stalks; then six to eight sheaves were leaned against each other to form a reasonably weather-proof stook or shook, which stood in the field until the sheaves were carted off to compose larger even more rain-resistant stacks, grain-ends in, cut-stalks out, either in a barn or left out in the fields.

Hay in Art - Missed stacks and mistakes: distinguishing between hay and straw and other heaps. by Alan Ritch

Locations of the Stacks in Museums and Art Galleries 

Links below to individual haystack paintings which can be seen online (except where indicated)

Other haystacks are in the
* Kunsthaus Zürich in Zürich, Switzerland,
The Art Institute of Chicago - Monet - Stack of wheat
Claude Monet French, 1840-1926
Stack of Wheat, 1890/91
The Art Institute of Chicago - Monet - Stack of Wheat (Snow Effect, Overcast Day),
Claude Monet French, 1840-1926
Stack of Wheat (Snow Effect, Overcast Day), 890/91
Oil on canvas, 26 x 36 5/8 in. (66 x 93 cm)
The Art Institute of Chicago - Monet - Stack of Wheat (Thaw, Sunset)
Claude Monet, French, 1840-1926
Stack of Wheat (Thaw, Sunset), 1890/91
Oil on canvas, 25 9/16 x 36 3/8 in. (64.9 x 92.3 cm)
The Art Institute of Chicago - Monet -
Claude Monet, French, 1840-1926
Stacks of Wheat (End of Day, Autumn), 1890/91
Oil on canvas, 27 7/8 x 39 3/4 in. (65.8 x 101 cm)
The Art Institute of Chicago - Monet - Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer)
Claude Monet, French, 1840-1926
Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer), 1890/91
Oil on canvas, 23 5/8 x 39 3/8 in. (60 x 100 cm)
The Art Institute of Chicago - Monet - Stacks of Wheat (Sunset, Snow Effect)
Claude Monet, French, 1840-1926
Stacks of Wheat (Sunset, Snow Effect), 1890/91
Oil on canvas, 25 11/16 x 39 1/2 in. (65.3 x 100.4 cm)
Hill-Stead Museum, Connecticut - Highlights of the Collection
Claude Monet (French, 1840-1926)
Monet is famous for his serial haystack or grainstack paintings, executed in his rural Giverny backyard.The two in Hill-Stead's collection exemplify his study of the effect of changing light and season on a single subject.
* In Grainstacks, White Frost Effect, a cool, pastel palette and rosy hues depict dawn in late autumn.
* With Grainstacks, in Bright Sunlight (1890), the artist paints the same scene at mid-day in summer. Here, his color selection is warm and intense.
Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France
Look up Claude Monet in the artists and then view the collected works. The stacks are on page 3.

Meules, fin de l'été (en 1891)
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: Grainstack (Sunset) 1891
Grainstack (Sunset)1891
Claude Monet, French, 1840-1926
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston:
Meadow with Haystacks near Giverny 1885
Claude Monet, French, 1840-1926
Minneapolis Institute of Arts: Grainstack, Sun in the Mist
Grainstack, Sun in the Mist
Artist:Claude Monet
Date:1891
Shelburne Museum | Impressionist Paintings
Shelburne Museum, located in the heart of Shelburne, Vermont

Claude Monet (1840-1926) - Meules, Effet de Neige (Grainstacks, Snow Effect), 1891 - Oil on canvas
The National Museum of Western Art
Claude Monet Paris, 1840 - Giverny, 1926
Haystack
In this drawing, the entourage of the haystacks projecting dark shadows against the light is contoured in dots. Similar dotted lines are also visible around the trees in the mid-ground. This study shows the artist's acute interest in the effect of the light incessantly flowing around the motif.
National Galleries of Scotland - Haystacks: Snow Effect (1891)
Claude Monet
Haystacks: Snow Effect (1891)

National Galleries of Scotland is comprised of the National Gallery of Scotland, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, the Dean Gallery and the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

Websites highlighting Monet's Stacks Series 

Monet's Colors - Haystacks
Monet's series of haystacks are painted under different light conditions at different times of the day. He would rise before dawn, paint the first canvas for half an hour, by which time the light would have changed. Then he would switch to the second canvas, and so on. The next day he would repeat the process.
WebMuseum: Monet, Claude: Haystacks
Webmuseum - lists a few of the paintings - but images are poor.
Famous Paintings Famous Artists -- Famous Haystacks Series Paintings of Monet
A gallery of famous paintings by famous artists to inspire you and to help you expand your knowledge of great paintings, such as Monet's haystacks series paintings.
The Athenaeum - Claude Monet
Works by Claude Monet
Grainstacks are listed in 1890-1891
Grain Stacks Series
Grain Stacks
Numbers are the Wildenstein Index Numbers
Grain Stacks at Giverny, Sunset 1216
Grain Stacks at Giverny ?
Grain Stacks, Evening Effect
Grain Stacks at Giverny 1266
Grain Stacks at the End of Summer, Morning Effect 1269

Claude Monet - Working in a Series 

more information about the work of Claude Monet

BOOKS: About Monet's iconic Stacks Series 

Books which provide detailed information about the Haystack series

Monet: Nature into Art

John House's introduction to Monet's life and work presents a sequence of dazzling illustrations that chart the artist's progress as he became increasingly preoccupied with color and atmospheric effect, and the direct studies of nature gave way to paintings of greater richness and harmony, in which the play of varied colors replaced the conventional drawing and modeling of forms.

Monet in the '90s: The Series Paintings

Paul Hayes Tucker, provides a fresh context for the series paintings. He proposes that they related to contemporary events in France and to Monet's determination to provide active leadership for his nation's artistic production. Tucker looks at the development of his art before the 1890s and the cultural pressures of the 1880s that caused Monet to turn to serial painting.

He focuses on the major and minor series of paintings from the 1890s and examines how they were painted and how they were received.

Monet in Normandy

This a catalogue of the 2007 exhibition. Monet began his painting career in Nomandy and there met his first great mentor, Eugène Boudin. Monet developed a deep affection for the region and would return time and again to paint its dramatic coastline and seaside villages and resorts.

The catalogue also takes a new look at Monet and examines some of his most important paintings, including the famed Giverny canvases, the iconic haystacks, and the Rouen cathedral series. It also considers some rarely seen works.

The catalogue also puts Monet's work in context with those who came before-Corot, Millet, Courbet, Whistler, and Boudin-and his fellow painters -Morisot, Pissarro, Renoir, Degas.

The Unknown Monet: Pastels and Drawings (Clark Art Institute)

This book is the first to focus on Monet's pastels, drawings, and sketchbooks, offering a revolutionary new interpretation of the artist's life and work. Monet has long been seen as an anti-draftsman, an artist who painted his subjects directly and whose rarely seen graphic works were marginal to his artistic process. Citing recently discovered, unpublished documents that overturn the accepted image of the artist, The Unknown Monet reveals an extensive group of graphic works created over the course of the artist's career, many of which are unknown to the general public and to scholars: beautiful pastels, stunning black chalk drawings, and fascinating sketchbooks, which include pencil studies that relate to many of his paintings. The book also shows how Monet exploited the print media to promote his art.

Monet's Landscapes

Monet's Landscapes gives an insight into this leading impressionist painter of nature. An evocative combination of paintings, photography and biography with extracts from Monet's letters - many of which are published in English for the first time.

Making A Mark 

Katherine Tyrrell's blogging portfolio about: - Making a mark creating drawings with pastels, pencils and pen and ink - Art projects - Notable Artists - Developing art careers - Art blogs and blogging about art - Reviews of art books and exhibitions - Inf

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PRINTS: Prints of Monet's Haystacks 

prints from Amazon

Claude Monet (Two Haystacks) Art Poster Print - 16" X 20"

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