Stonehenge

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Ancient Mystery and Modern Marvels

Stonehenge is a prehistoric megalithic monument in county Wiltshire in England. The large stone circle is predated by a surrounding ditch and bank earthworks. The site is owned by the Crown and managed by English Heritage, a public body which maintains England's ancient monuments. The surrounding land is owned by the National Trust, the conservation organization which works "to preserve and protect the coastline, countryside, and buildings of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland."

After years of seeing pictures of Stonehenge and reading about the mystery surrounding it, I was thrilled for the opportunity to visit the site in person. What I found was both more and less than I had expected. It was huge. It's hard to judge the true size of the place from pictures. It is situated in a large down, with not much of anything else visible for miles (except for the other tourists). The entrance and souvenir buildings are nestled subtly on the other side of the road; the site itself is reached by a tunnel under the road. My excitement was dampened by the fact that I couldn't walk among the stones. The main area was roped off, and a line of sight-seers shuffled along the path around the circumference with audio guides glued to their ears like cell phones. I felt no mystical vibrations, no spiritual connection to the ancients. My slight disappointment was, I'm sure, attributable to the fact that I'd come directly from the airport and was fighting a case of jet-lag after my trans-Atlantic flight.

I am still awed by pictures of Stonehenge and intrigued by its mysteries. I would like to go again, preferrably on summer solstice, when I could walk among and touch the stones.

Stonehenge: Days Out & Events
The English Heritage site has general visitor information, photos, and information on how to arrange up-close access to the stones.

 


Free E-Book

Stonehenge Today and Yesterday by Frank Stevens

Download it at Project Gutenberg.

History of Stonehenge 

Stonehenge evolved in several phases over the course of at least 1500 years. Around 3100 BC, a ditch was dug. The removed earth was mounded alongside, creating a bank and ditch formation 360 feet in diameter. This formation had an entrance on the northeast side and a smaller one on the south. The northeast entrance aligned with the midsummer sunrise and the midwinter sunset.

Construction with stone began around 2600 BC. Some 20 different rock types are associated with the monument, including dolerite, rhyolite, tuff, and sarsen -- a hard, dense sandstone block created by glacial effects. The rocks are believed to have been brought from Wales either through glaciation or by human effort. These stones are 6.5 feet tall, 4 feet wide, and 2.5 feet thick; they weigh up to four tons.

Between 2600 and 2400 BC, 30 sarsen stones were erected in a 110-foot circle with 30 lintel stones on top. The standing stones are 13 feet tall, 7 feet wide, and 3.5 feet thick, weighing 25 tons each. The lintels are 10 feet by 3 feet by 2.5 feet, making the overall height of the construction 16 feet. Within this circle, five trilithons -- three-stone formations with a horizontal stone on top of two vertical stones -- were placed in a horseshoe shape, with the opening to the northeast.

In this same time frame, a parallel pair of ditches and banks was constructed, leading 1.9 miles to River Avon. Such avenues were common in Bronze Age ritual constructions, often linking stone circles with rivers.

Stonehenge: A Visual History
See excellent drawings showing Stonehenge in various phases of construction.

Construction and Purpose of Stonehenge 

As large as the rocks are, it is hard to imagine how prehistoric man could have built Stonehenge. It has been suggested that some supernatural force was responsible, but conventional methods available in those ancient times have been proven to be capable of moving such stones.

Stonehenge was built before written language, so there is no record of the hows and whys of the structure. We can only speculate as to the purpose of the site. Some theories are that it was used as a calendar, an astronomical observatory, a religious site, a burial site, or a place of healing.

Stonehenge Remains a Mystery 

Some things we just can't know

Stonehenge

A quick look at Stonehenge and the technology behind it.

Runtime: 126
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curated content from YouTube

Modern Visitors to Stonehenge 

Of course, the main function of Stonehenge today is attracting tourists. It was roped off in 1977 to avoid erosion and damage by vandalism. Access to the stones is permitted, though, during summer and winter solstice and spring and autumn equinox, as well as other times by pre-arrangement.

Stonehenge has become a focus of pilgrimage for neo-druids. Archaeologists discourage the association with Druidism, stressing the differences between Iron Age Druidism and what they have learned about the stone circle. Neo-druidism is a form of spirituality which promotes harmony and worship of nature, along with respect for the environment and all beings. Some call it a religion, while others see it as a philosophy. It is based on theories about Iron Age Celtic Druids, although those theories are no longer considered accurate. Nevertheless, robe-clad neo-druids converge upon Stonehenge at each solstice, the first such recorded practice in 1905.

Modern Stonehenge 

Fun with Stonehenge in the United States

Americans are known for grasping an idea and putting their own spin on it. Here in the U.S. are numerous versions of Stonehenge:

stonehenge
Sam Hill's Stonehenge in Maryhill, Washington



stonehenge

The Georgia Guidestones in Nuberg, Georgia





carhenge
Carhenge in Alliance, Nebraska




foamhenge
Foamhenge in Natural Bridge, Virginia





If you can't go to England, find these and more at Roadside America and plan your own pilgrimage.
All American Stonehenge photos © roadsideamerica.com

How to Build Stonehenge 

Wally shows how it could be done

Building Stonehenge - This Man can Move Anything

Wally Wallington has demonstrated that he can lift a Stonehenge-sized pillar weighing 22,000 lbs and moved a barn over 300 ft. What makes this so special is that he does it using only himself, gravity, and his incredible ingenuity. http://www.theforgottentechnology.com/

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curated content from YouTube

Build Your Own Stonehenge 

If you don't have a lot of room

Build Your Own Stonehenge (Running Press Mini Kits)

Amazon Price: $6.95 (as of 12/26/2009)Buy Now

Bring the magic of Stonehenge into your home or office. This 3-inch model will fit anywhere! Great gift for the lover of ancient history.

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  • Reply
    Light-in-me Light-in-me Dec 8, 2009 @ 11:31 pm
    Hello,
    This lens is fascinating and well written, I enjoyed it.
    Nice job!

    Robin :)
  • Reply
    Greekgeek Greekgeek Dec 8, 2009 @ 10:07 pm
    Wonderful lens, just the right length for a fascinating site, with some great pictures! I had the same mixed experience as you: it's a gorgeous site, but not being able to walk amongst the stones makes it a little harder to "feel" the place.
    I have another link/henge for you that you might be interested in: Mystery Hill, America's Stonehenge! Nobody quite knows what it is. It might even be evidence of Celts getting across to New England during a warmer period in the early Middle Ages.
    You remind me of another great topic, too: Avebury henge. Unlike Stonehenge, it's a little off the beaten path, so you can wander around it freely. I visited it in 2000 on the winter solstice and got some great piccies. If I ever make that lens, I'll lensroll this one!
  • Reply
    MysticTurtle MysticTurtle Dec 21, 2009 @ 4:53 pm
    I wanted to go to Avebury, but we didn't have time. (We did Europe in 2 weeks and I need to go back!)
  • Reply
    susannaduffy susannaduffy Aug 23, 2009 @ 6:38 pm
    Once again you've shown your skill and creativity. A super subject helps too :) I had no idea peopel were building their own henges in USA. What fun! Wish I had the room to do so. Blessed by an Angel today (squidoo.com/more-angel-blessings)
  • Reply
    ArtByLinda ArtByLinda Jun 11, 2009 @ 2:29 am
    Excellent information, I would love to see Stone Henge someday! Found you on the random lens viewer! :-)
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Lensmaster MysticTurtle has been a member since February 25 2009, has rated 352 lenses, favorited 95, and has created 55 lenses from scratch. This member's top-ranked page is "I Live In A Van". See all my lenses

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I had a normal childhood, but somewhere along the way I took off on my own path. I backpacked the 2,100-mile Appalachian Trail in 2001 and the 700-mil... (more)

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