Mythic Tales, Lensography of Legends

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How Myths and Legends are Made

Myths are metaphors. If you read a myth literally you will miss the point. You will miss its higher truth.

Mythological narratives may or may not be based in fact. But is that really important? Tales of gods and monsters may seem as fairy tale to us, but they shaped the world of our ancestors and they shape the world we live in today.

Over the long, long years since we first sat round the campfire telling our stories to the young , countless tales have been told. Some of them have lasted.

Myths that fail to resonate with us, to inspire us, will just die out over time. The ones which last are those which persevere and project a timeless truth on our own journey .. for the journey of the mythic hero is the one we all make.

What is a Myth?

Myth doesn't mean falsehood. We use the word 'myth' sometimes in modern speech when we really mean a lie, but that's not the real meaning.

Myths are considered true sacred stories that occurred in the remote past with gods and monsters as the principal characters.

People regarded them as truthful accounts of what happened in long ago times.

Myths explain aspects of the natural world and lay out rules for the customs and ideals of society.

What is a legend?

Legends are stories based on human heroes who lived in the (relatively) recent past. To earlier people these stories were regarded as true but set in a different period of time than myths, a time less remote, in an historical world.

But legends are told by storytellers, generation after generation of storytellers. People who elaborated, decorated, devised side characters and sub-plots, added intricate detail and generally made the tale more thrilling, and more glorious.

An example of a Legendary Hero

Herakles is better known as Hercules


Mostly we speak these days of Hercules, the Roman name for the son of Alcmene. He is a legend of course. A human hero, though it was said his father was Zeus.

Many stories grew up around Herakles. As an infant, he killed a serpent in his cradle. He shares this feat with the much later Alexander, Conqueror of the known world, indeed a number of legendary heroes manage to kill some serpent while they are still in swaddling clothes.

By the time Herakles was an adult, he had already killed a lion.

Unfortunately for Herakles, he lost his sanity and murdered his wife and three children. It was even more unfortunate for his wife and children but the story of the murders explains why the Hero had to consult with the Delphic Oracle on the correct procedure to regain his honour.

The Oracle, most wisely, told him to go elsewhere for tasks to complete in reparation, to Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, and serve him for twelve years.

And this where the tasks became known as the Twelve Labours of Herakles.

In the course of these labours, Herakles killed a number of savage beasts who were stealing livestock, stole some cattle himself, fought off neighbouring marauders and caused some natural formations which are still called by his name today.

Beowulf the Hero

Beowulf defeated the monsters of the night

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Kupe The Hero

Kupe carved the landscape

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Legendary Lovers

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While we're on the subject of love ...

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Another dysfunctial god

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Joseph Campbell

Mythology is more than just the tales we have inherited from Homer, or the brilliant Sagas of the Norsemen. It is even something more than "other people's religion," as Joseph Campbell used to joke..

"A whole mythology is an organization of symbolic images and narratives, metaphorical of the possibilities of human experience and the fulfillment of a given culture at a given time" Joseph Campbell, Thou Art That: Transforming Religious Metaphor

Myths speak to somewhere deep in our unconscious mind and, if we are lucky, they will instinctively guide our development.

The Man of the Woods

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From the North

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How Mythology Shifts to Reflect Society

It's not so much that society will follow its mythology, the opposite can be seen in that most well known of Western Myth - the Greek.

The Greeks changed over time to accommodate the evolution of their own culture, we see this in their mythology.

The earlier inhabitants of the Balkan Peninsula were an agricultural people who assigned a spirit to every aspect of nature. Eventually, these vague spirits assumed human shape and entered the local mythology as gods and goddesses.

When tribes from the north of the Balkan Peninsula invaded, they brought with them a new pantheon of gods, based on conquest, force, prowess in battle, and violent heroism. Stories of murder and rape are now common, symbolic of the overthrow of the earlier peoples... the older deities died, or were fused with those of the more powerful invaders.

Mythological and Legendary Tales

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Mythological Menagerie

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Bast

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Mars

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Best Books on Myths and Legends

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10% of my income goes to continue the work of Fred Hollows in treating avoidable blindness and improving indigenous health.

Photo : Khim Rath, who can now see after a successful cataract operation, Kampong Chhnang province, Cambodia.

Blindness is a significant public health issue in Cambodia. Over 160,000 people are blind and an additional 20,000 become blind each year. The main cause of blindness is cataract, which can be treated by a simple 15 minute operation at an average cost of $25 (AUD$35).

About Susanna Duffy

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susannaduffy

G'day from Melbourne, Australia where I write about King Arthur, Mythology, Legendary Beasts & Ancient Rome. More in more »

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