Phonagnosia or Unfamiliar Voices

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Phonagnosia.... Are You Voiceblind?

Can you be voiceblind? When you answer the phone and the person on the other end starts talking, do you know who you are talking to? Is it your spouse, your brother or sister or is it your mother or father? You ask them who they are and they act surprised: "I am your wife, who do you think I am?"

The word phonagnosia is constructed from two Greek words: phone, meaning sound, voice and agnosia, meaning non knowledge, ignorance. So you get the picture. Phonagnosia is a neurological disorder which means "inability to recognize familiar voices". This is a very rare condition that is sometimes followed by an injury to the head or brain damage, but sometimes the person is born with it. University College London conducted the first known research on this disorder. A woman, whom we only know as KH, was born with phonagnosia. She had found a method to deal with her voiceblindness by simply only answering the booked calls so she would know in advance who was calling her. She was not able to recognize even her own daughter's voice if she called her without a pre-arrangement. When she got in touch with one of the doctors at UCL, she was told what was wrong with her.

Today, we all have caller id's on our phones of course. That makes things a lot easier for people like K.H. At least they don't have to book their phone conversations anymore.

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What causes phonagnosia?

There are two types of phonagnosia. One, it occurs after severe head injury, brain damage or stroke, and two, you are born with it. This term was first used by Van Lancker in the early 80's. He and his colleagues made series of researches to figure out the differences between a normal functioning brain and the one with phonagnosia. They came to the conclusion that this could be caused by lesions to the right hemisphere of the brain. The primary auditory cortex is the part of our brain that gives us the information about what we are hearing, who is talking and what their pitch and volume are. The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. Some patients with phonagnosia are capable of understanding the environmental sounds, like the sounds of nature etc. However, some of the patients eventually show decrease in their language skills in time. Some patients may also show signs of amusia, a musical disorder that disables the ability to process pitch, like not being able to understand music, or recognize the sound of musical instruments or difference between notes.

Unfortunately, there is not enough study on people who are born with this condition. MRI tests do not show any damage to the brain like in K.H's case. These are the cases that are referred to as "developmental phonagnosia", meaning, as you were growing up, the part of your brain that is responsible of processing sounds did not fully develop to identify the sounds. Scientists still do not know what really causes this developmental problem, however the answer might be in the genes that are responsible of cognitive development.

Are you tone deaf?

There are some websites online where you can test your ability to recognize voices. Here are some of them:

Sound Recognition Test 1
Pitch Recognition Test 2
Distorted Tunes Test 3

And here are some examples just for the laugh.
American Idol's Funniest Audition Ever!
by blakenheimer | video info

93 ratings | 49,007 views
curated content from YouTube

Do tone deaf people know they are tone deaf?

The problem is, if we are speaking of musical notes, usually tone deaf people are not conscious of their pitch problems because their ears can not recognize the differences in notes.

Another problem with voice is that every person has a certain vocal range. Sometimes when singers can not hit the high or really low notes due to the limits of their range, they would recognize the problem. In this case they would not be classified as tone deaf.

When a person has a more advanced case of phonagnosia, like not being able to recognize one person's voice from the other, it is a more serious neurological condition.

Of course, the videos here are just for a little laugh but honestly, tone deaf people don't really realize they are tone deaf because they can not tell the differences in pitch.
do tone deaf people know they're tone deaf?
by woahleximari | video info

5 ratings | 2,354 views
curated content from YouTube

Vocally Voice Activated Phone Dialer

Amazon Price: $199.95 (as of 06/04/2012)Buy Now

Musically tone-deaf individuals have difficulty discriminating intonation contours extracted from speech [An article from: Brain

Musically tone-deaf individuals have difficulty discriminating intonation contours extracted from speech [An article from: Brain and Cognition]

Amazon Price: $5.95 (as of 06/04/2012)Buy Now

Musically tone-deaf individuals have psychophysical deficits in detecting pitch changes, yet their discrimination of intonation contours in speech appears to be normal. One hypothesis for this dissociation is that intonation contours use coarse pitch contrasts which exceed the pitch-change detection thresholds of tone-deaf individuals (Peretz & Hyde, 2003). We test this idea by presenting intonation contours for discrimination, both in the context of the original sentences in which they occur and in a ''pure'' form dissociated from any phonetic context. The pure form consists of gliding-pitch analogs of the original intonation contours which exactly follow their pattern of pitch and timing. If the spared intonation perception of tone-deaf individuals is due to the coarse pitch contrasts of intonation, then such individuals should discriminate the original sentences and the gliding-pitch analogs equally well. In contrast, we find that discrimination of the gliding-pitch analogs is severely degraded. Thus it appears that the dissociation between spoken and musical pitch perception in tone-deaf individuals is due to a deficit at a higher level than simple pitch-change detection.

When The Brain Can't Hear

When the Brain Can't Hear

Amazon Price: (as of 06/04/2012)Buy Now

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) occurs when the brain cannot process or understand correctly the sounds the ears hear, even though the ears might be functioning properly. It is rarely recognized, often misdiagnosed, and poorly understood, yet the effects can be devastating. Pocket is simultaneously releasing two complementary texts on the subject that are definitely worth some notice. Foli's Like Sound Through Water is a mother's account of her family's struggle with APD in her oldest son, Ben. Her account reads like a novel and is thoroughly engaging while providing a wealth of information. Foli clearly shows the pain misdiagnosis and clinical inaccuracies can cause. While finally obtaining a correct diagnosis brought some relief, Foli shows that the battle for normalcy had only begun. This is mostly a success story with an upbeat ending. The resource section in the back is a bonus. Bellis's When the Brain Can't Hear is the first APD sourcebook written specifically for lay readers. Bellis, the author of an important text on APD for professionals (Assessment and Management of Central Auditory Processing Disorders in the Educational Setting from Science to Practice), herself suffers from APD as the result of a car accident. Her text is naturally more clinical in nature but still quite readable. It covers the many subtypes of APD and their manifestations, diagnosis and testing, treatment options, and coping techniques.

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Other Articles Online On Phonagnosia

First Case Study of Developmental Phonagnosia
K.H., an active and professional woman who works as a management consultant, told the researchers that she has always had severe difficulties recognizing familiar voices, even those of close relatives such as her daughter.
Are You Phonagnosic?
"Voice recognition may not seem as important as face recognition, given that failing to recognise someone in front of you can cause much more social anxiety than not recognising them over the phone. Yet we rely on voice recognition in our day-to-day lives, to identify people on the phone or those speaking on the radio."
Voice Blind Man Befuddled By Mysterious Callers
As a boy growing up in Northern Virginia, Steve Royster was confronted with a small but persistent mystery - a mystery that presented itself every time he used the phone.

"Everyone always knew when I was calling just by the sound of my voice," Royster says, "while I had no earthly idea who was on the phone when they called."

Have you or someone you know experienced phonagnosia?

  • MagnoliaTree Jun 27, 2011 @ 6:06 pm | delete
    Very good information. I don't have this problem-- at least not to this extent! But my husband can recognize voices-- like in an old movie, etc-- and know immediately who they are. I have to really think about it even when he has told me who the person is.
  • gypsyman27 May 22, 2011 @ 7:35 pm | delete
    From time to time I have a problem identifying even my son on the phone. I was involved in an accident, I was hit by a car and had serious head trauma. I never thought there might be a reason for this problem. Thank you for sharing this information. See you around the galaxy...
  • akumar46 May 22, 2011 @ 1:24 pm | delete
    Nice lens on Phonagnosia....a strange problem.
  • UKGhostwriter May 17, 2011 @ 1:02 am | delete
    Very interesting lens, well done!
  • DaveStone13 May 8, 2011 @ 4:11 am | delete
    No, but it calls attention to how acutely tuned normal perceptions are and how much we take their miraculous nature for granted. Thanks. Smart lens. I'll stumble, facebook and twitter this information.
  • Donita_Marie Apr 27, 2011 @ 11:03 am | delete
    Wow this is really fascinating information, thanks for sharing!
  • A-Redneck Apr 10, 2011 @ 12:03 pm | delete
    I have a lot of problems with recognizing voices and it drives me crazy. Lol...I am not too good with names either come to think of it. Great lens.
  • kitty222 Apr 8, 2011 @ 9:01 pm | delete
    Awesome Lens; I always "like" the Lenses in which I learn something new. :)
  • TheTravelGal Apr 7, 2011 @ 9:53 pm | delete
    Interesting topic, I would imagine this would drive me crazy.
  • tiff0315 Apr 7, 2011 @ 9:34 pm | delete
    It would be a sad thing to have experienced this. To think you are good and your really not.... sad day. Very informative. Thank you!
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