Human toothpaste is foamy and contains ingredients that upset pets' little systems (including fluoride). For this reason, special toothpastes have been developed for use in pets... 'enzymatic' compounds that continue to work well after the brushing is over, in a meat-flavored base that dogs and cats love.

There is also a choice of tooth'brushes' available, from plain 'human' toothbrushes to finger caps with nubs, to what looks like latex gloves that have little nubs on one of the fingers. There is even a toothbrush with three heads positioned to wrap around your pet's back teeth. The style you choose is a matter of personal choice. I find the plain toothbrushes (dual-ended) are the easiest for most dogs, but the really shy ones that don't trust what you're putting into their mouths might do better with the finger caps or glove types.

Daily brushing would be ideal, but if that is too impractical, then REGULAR brushing (several times per week or month) will still do more good than not brushing at all. Some people only get their pet's teeth brushed when they are groomed... while it's a good idea to get your groomer to brush your pet's teeth (he or she will likely be more thorough than you can be at home) whenever it is groomed, you should still do it at home in between.

There are 'minty' breath sprays on the market that can help with bad breath odor, at least in the short-run. Spray your dog's mouth (follow the directions and don't spray it in his eyes!) after every toothbrushing.

Part of the reason pets' teeth get so bad is that they are not eating the way their mouths were designed... imagine if you will a pack of pet poodles teaming up together to stalk and kill a weakling bag of dog food that is straggling behind the herd... you get the idea. Dogs and cats both need to 'gnaw' on something to keep their teeth clean themselves. There are textured treats available to help do just that. Some of them even have special ingredients that help keep their breath fresh as well. These are generally better for your pet than traditional baked or rawhide treats, but care should be taken to follow the package directions entirely... all treats should be given only under supervision and in moderation - if you give too much, you can throw off the nutritional balance of the pet's regular diet.

Good luck, and remember to get those teeth cleaned when the vet tells you it's time!