(by 60 people)
Your rating:
How should you publish your book? Self-Publishing? Vanity Press? Traditional? POD-People? The Big Five? What's the difference? On this lens I explore the different options you have as a writer to get your book published.

As the administrator of an online writers forum and the editor of a Small Press publishing house, question I see time and time again is: Is *name of business here* a self-publisher, vanity press, or traditional publisher? How do I tell the difference?
While there are many branches of the publishing tree, these three are the big limbs, from which all the branches shoot off. POD-People can fall under any of those three, while The Big Five are considered traditional.
This lens is here to help you know how to tell them apart.
I hope this helps.
~~EK
NOTE: As of October 25, 2007 this lens is a member of Squidoo's Top 100 Best Lenses!

A writer, simply put is one who writes. Everyone who writes on a regular basis is considered a writer whether or not they have ever been published.
Writers can mean those who write for newspapers or those who write fiction, those who write for medical journals, or those who write TV sitcom scripts. They all write. They all get Writer's Block. If I was to start detailing all of them, I'd have to write an encyclopedia on the subject, so, for the sake of simplicity, in this article, we will assume that a writer is one who writes fiction in novel or short story format. Now, back to the question: What is a writer?
A writer is someone who writes, probably every day or nearly so. Usually they feel compelled to write, as though they have no control over it. It is as though they will die if they cannot write something down. Their every fiber burns with the sensation, the uncontrollable passion, that they must put words to paper in order to survive. They feel every emotion their characters feel: the love, the pain, the horror, the fear, the anxiety, and the lust for adventure. They not only feel their characters, they become their characters. Everything in life sparks a new story idea. They awake at night from their sleep to jot down in notebooks. They pull their car off the road to write down ideas on the edges of maps. They are obsessed with the fever that is coming known as writing. That is a writer.
An author however, is generally perceived as a writer who has been published. For some writers, it is enough that they write, publishing their work is not their goal. For most writers, however, the goal is to become a published author. The trick is being published. You have many options. Which one should you choose? Let's look at your options:
A self publisher, is an author who gets a business license, buys the ISBN #s, hires a printing press (print shop/printer) to print the books, than sells the books themselves. The author keeps 100% of the profits, because no one pays royalties; you keep 100% of the copyright (which btw, does not cost a penny). You market the book and distribute the book yourself through local bookstores, a personal Website, your blog, and on online bookstores such as Amazon.com.
Self-Publishing gets it's name from the fact that the author does everything themselves.
The author gets their book printed up in two common ways:
1) They hire a local or online print shop to print up the book all at once. Most printers require a 5,000-copy minimum, with cash up front, though it is common, for printers to require a minimum of 20,000 copies. Printing up your books in this manner, unfortunately requires the author to have a very large sum of money all at once. If you choose this method, be sure you have taken into account the cost of printing the book, which for most writers is rarely under $30,000 and often more than $200,000, and this money has to be paid to the printer BEFORE they will print up your book.
2.) The other method is to hire a print-on-demand printer. These may or may-not ask for money up front, depending on how they run their business. To find out more about print-on-demand, simply scroll down to the POD section of this article.
It should be noted, that regardless of the method you use to have your book printed, you are the publisher. The company that printed your book up, is just a printer and only a printer, never are they considered the publisher.
Self-publishing is the publishing of books and other media by the authors of those works, rather than by established, third-party publishers. Although it represents a small percentage of the publishing industry in terms of sales, it has been present in one form or another since the beginning of publishing and has seen an increase in activity with the advancement of publishing technology, including xerography, desktop publishing systems, print on demand, and the World Wide Web. Cultural phenomena such as the punk/DIY movement, the proliferation of media channels, and blogging have contributed to the advancement of self-publishing.
The key distinguishing characteristic of self-publishing is the absence of a traditional publisher. Instead the creator or creators fulfill this role, taking editorial control of the content, arranging for printing, marketing the material, and often distributing it, either directly to consumers or to retailers. Less often, the author prints the material, usually using a xerographic process or a computer printer. In some cases, books are printed on demand with no inventory kept. This places the bulk of the financial risk for the venture on the creators, with many self-publishers ultimately subsidizing it rather than making money from it.
With the advancement of digital printing technology from Indigo N.V. and digital photography, the self-publishing concept has become mainstream in digital photo book printing. Firms like Apple's iPhoto, FotoInsight, Snapfish and Printing-1 supply individually printed photo books on demand.
Many self-published books utilize printing and binding techniques which are chosen for their suitability for short press runs. They may be printed with a xerographic process rather than offset printing. In many cases, the covers are designed by amateurs, or a standardized template is used, rather than a higher-quality professional cover designer. Recently, the majority of the self- and subsidy-published books have been perfect bound, although some are hardbound, and some are still saddle-stitched (large metal staples in the fold), comb or coil bound. Technology has enabled high-quality short-run print jobs to be less expensive, although they are still more expensive per copy than longer, off-set printings.
Because professional-quality typesetting suites, such as LaTeX, are available as free software, the typesetting of a self-published book may be as good as a traditionally published work. However, these tools require some technical skill, and many self-published works are formatted using a word processor, which can give less appealing results by comparison. The development of relatively low-cost desktop publishing software has put more powerful tools in the hands of self-publishers, but without any guarantee that they will be used to professional standards.
Authors using lower-cost, short-run techniques are often focused on content rather than appearance. They may wish to avoid a polished appearance for reasons that have little to do with cost, such as maintaining an anti-establishment aesthetic.
Recently the very short run, usually xerographic, printing techniques are approaching off-set quality for black and white, non-halftone jobs. There are still visible differences for more complicated work. Very short run printing is also called POD or PQN printing. This is not the same as POD publishing. Any author or publisher can use POD printing, without the need to go through a POD publisher (also known as a subsidy publisher, or even more confusingly, as a "self-publishing company") if they have the skills to do the work of setting up the book for print themselves.
Because bookstores believe that cover appearance and content are important for successful sales, self-publishing authors that plan to distribute their books through mainstream distributors and bookstores often strive to achieve an overall appearance similar to that of the major publishing houses. This in turn mandates a larger initial press run, usually offset, if the endeavor is to be profitable, because of the expense involved in getting professional level design and editorial work. On the other hand, many successful self-publishers avoid traditional retail outlets altogether, and market directly to their target audience.
Promotion and marketing of self-published books are critical. Authors must undertake book publicity which means developing lists of editors and book reviewers within various media, as well as looking for ways to get coverage "off the book page."
There are several other difficulties faced by self- and small-publishers. Bookstores cannot afford to deal with tens of thousands of small publishing companies. They tend to buy from the larger publishers, distributors, and wholesalers. But even these aggregators cannot deal with the recent flood of new publishers. The competition to get into bookstores is extreme, and the terms of trade (discounts and return privileges especially) can be financially onerous.
Self-published books do not necessarily reveal their origin. Subsidy press books do, via the ISBN records or the imprint. Therefore, subsidy published books may face additional obstacles on the way to the bookstore shelf, beyond those discussed above.
Motives for self-publishing:
There are a number of reasons that writers choose to self-publish, although one of the most common is that their work is not of interest to a commercial publisher. Publishers must be confident of sales of several thousand copies to take on a book. An otherwise worthy book may not have this potential for any number of reasons:
Self-publishing is the publishing of books and other media by the authors of those works, rather than by established, third-party publishers. Although it represents a small percentage of the publishing industry in terms of sales, it has been present in one form or another since the beginning of publishing and has seen an increase in activity with the advancement of publishing technology, including xerography, desktop publishing systems, print on demand, and the World Wide Web. Cultural phenomena such as the punk/DIY movement, the proliferation of media channels, and blogging have contributed to the advancement of self-publishing.

Many self-publishers are also first-time publishers with little or no knowledge of the laws regarding copyrights, ISBN, EAN, and other such things. All those online sites can confuse those new to publishing. Problem is, many sites offering, "advise" to new self-publishers are run by scam artists seeking to make a quick profit and leave you hanging. How can you avoid being caught in their snares?
1.) NEVER pay money to buy a copyright! If you wrote the book, you own the copyright.
2.) NEVER buy an ISBN from anyone other than ISBN.org themselves! They are the ONLY ones who can assign your book an ISBN.
Below are direct links to both of these government sites, as well as the EAN site, and the BISGI:

A vanity press is a print shop/printer/printing press, which does all the layout, designing, font setup, cover design, and printing for you. Most will say that they are the publisher and not you, even though they ask you to pay to have the books printed.
Vanity press publishing is very similar to self-publishing. It differs in that it usually costs a lot more, and more often than not, for a poor quality item. It gets it's name from the fact that it is most often used by authors who have had their manuscripts denied by several traditional publishers. These authors generally only want to see their name in print, and usually have enough cash laying around to pay to get a lot of copies of a poorly written manuscript printed up by a publisher who rarely pays royalties. In other words, a Vanity Publisher is a publisher who is paid by the author to publish a book.
Vanity publishing has been around for over a hundred years, and some of the world's great classic authors used this method. It was very common during the late 1800's and early 1900's and most of the books we consider the great classics of that period, were published via vanity press methods. Vanity publishing has had a long and successful history and many author prefer it to other publishing methods.
Unlike traditional publishers, vanity publishers usually ask you to pay money for them to edit your manuscript. They also often charge you extra if you want a color cover. In some cases, if you don't pay the extra you end up with a blank colored paper cover with black ink, so be sure to find out what they offer before you agree to pay for their services.
Some Vanity Presses offer to sell your books through their home page Website. A few offer to list it on Amazon.com for a fee. More often though, it is up to the author to do the marketing for the book, so be sure you find out what services they do when it comes to marketing your book and getting it in front of customers.

Over the years, literally thousands of Vanity Press operations have come and gone... often disappearing with tens of thousands of dollars from the author, who never sees their book. In the early 1990's, there was an alarming rise in scam artists poising as Vanity Press Publisher, given rise to a massive breakdown in author trust in any small-press publishing house. Luckily, this scam seems to have died down, and Vanity Press publishers are once again what they were originally: A publisher who is paid by the author to publish a book.
Do beware of the telltale signs that the vanity publisher is a fraud artist and not a real vanity publisher: The fraud ones usually charge you for such things as "the right to keep your copyright", or to put an ISBN # on your book.
A common trick the scammers use is to promise to pays you a percentage (royalty), after you first pay them for the books. The royalty they pay, though it may sound high at first, is actually very low. You don't see that money until after they have deducted what you "owe them" for printing the books. In short, they make money, while you go broke, and you may or may not get to keep the rights to your book, depending on how much money you paid to buy your own rights back from them.
The scam artist vanity publishers are illegal, if you think you have run up against one, be sure to report them to the B.B.B.

A traditional publisher hires editors who read your MS, which you send to them. They receive thousands of MSs each week. It may take up to 2 years before they get around to reading yours. After they read it, they either reject it or accept it. If they accept it, you well be sent a contact (and often with a recommendation that you go over the contract with your literary agent/lawyer before you sign it). Once you sign the contract and send it back, than the publisher's lawyer checks it to be certain that all is in order (and done legally). The publisher is given a "temporary copyright" allowing them to print and distribute your book to the public. In most cases, you still own the copyright, but while the book is in print from the publisher, you can't do anything with it until it goes out of print.
They hire an editor/typesetter to type set and spell check your MS. Cuts and additions are not unusual at this point. You the author have no control over this, and it is not unusual for an author to read the finished book and ask: "When the hell did I write this?" or "Where is that chapter I wrote on....?" Next they hire an artist to create the cover art. You the author has no control over this either. Finally, they distribute the book to bookstores worldwide. You never own them a cent. They pay you royalties. Some also pay with advances. Most do 100% of the marketing and promotion, as well. You the author are free to sit back and relax, while the publisher does the work, leaving you with plenty of time to write your next book. Something Self-published and Vanity Press authors can only dream of, while they are rushing about writing press releases, and hunting down places to sell their book.

Once you jump into the publishing race, a term you'll start to hear is "The Big Five". You hear warnings, not to even attempt to submit to The Big Five, unless you have already published three or4 books and have a high-fee agent. You'll hear others say that it was one of The Big Five who gave them their first big break. On one hand authors will sing their praises, while on the other hand, authors tell the worst horror tales of their evil corrupt editors. What's a beginning writer to do? Whom should you believe? The answer, believe all of them, until you have a good reason to believe otherwise. Why?
Well, when it comes to publishing, about 90% of the publishing houses classify as Small Press. Small Press simply means that they are a Traditional Publisher, who pays author royalties, but they publish less than 100 titles per year. Vast majorities of Small Presses publish less than 10 titles per year. Many Small Presses only publish titles within their "niche market". Some publish only cookbooks, others publish only law books, some only publish books about their local history, some publish only horror, others publish only books written by women over 50, and so on and so forth.
Small Press is by far the easiest to be published by, esp. for the first time author. However, the pay is often very low, advances are rare, and payments may even be a "one-time-fee", such as $1,000 payment regardless of how many books are sold. While payment is low, many authors prefer Small Press, because they often keep the book in print for many years, and do more to promote the book than larger publishing houses do.
Large Press Publishing Houses are what most authors strive for. Higher payouts, a name that most people have heard of, and usually bigger sales. Most pay an advance (usually less than $5,000), and 4% - 12% royalty. They usually have a catalog and keep titles in print less than 2 years.
The Big Five are the mega giants, whom nearly everyone in the world knows their name, and whom most every author sends their manuscripts to, regardless of how many other places they are also sending it. They pay in large advances and higher royalties, but most titles go out of print in just 6 months or less and usually the author has to sing away reprint rights, meaning the book can never be reprinted by anyone else.
The Big Five: They are the five giants of the publishing world, known for gobbling up Small Presses and spitting them out under a new name. Sometimes they even take turns buying out each other, and then they become The Big Four or The Big Three. But who are they? What are they? Why should you try to be published by them?
They are not actually five publishing houses, but the way they buy and sell each other out, usually there are five big names being thrown around at any given time, so the term "The Big Five" is just easier for most authors and editors to say.
But who are they and why should you try to be published by them? I can answer that in one word, well, two: Harry Potter.
Who reading this article has a copy of Harry Potter near by? Pick it up; look at the name of the publishing house. What does it say? Scholastic Books. Yep, Scholastic Books is one of The Big Five, possibly the biggest of the big house publishers out there. If Harry Potter hadn't been picked up by Scholastic Books, chances are, that no one would ever heard of it at all. Why? Because Scholastic Books has nearly unlimited finances and a marketing team that can literally make or break a book.
Random House. Dell. Penguin. Signet. Bantam. DoubleDay. TOR. Who hasn't at least heard of Harlequin Books? These guys are not only big press, they are monster-sized huge press. Because they are so big, unfortunately, your chances of getting your foot in the door are rather slim and requires that you hire the best agent money can buy. Why? Because these huge publishing houses, shred anything that comes their way that was not sent to them by an agent. It won't do you any good to explain why you don't have an agent in your cover letter, because they will never even open the envelope. Each of these publishers get an average of 15,000 manuscript submissions each week, many of which they never open. The secret to being published by one of The Big Five, is to go out there and make a name for yourself, write a best seller, hire a high profile agent, and than do what your agent tells you to do.

Self-publishing is you starting your own business (a publishing house) and earning an income.
Vanity press is you doing a lot of hard work, getting your book printed, and possibly being scammed out of the money that should be yours, while they get rich and leave you with nothing, unless of course you can sift through the scams and find one that is not a scam.
Traditional publishing is you hiring a business to do the work for you and you both earn an income.

There is a common change that is overtaking thousands of authors all over the world. They no longer send their manuscripts in for consideration to be published. They are writing books faster than ever releasing two or three books a year instead of one every 2 or 3 years. This new mutated breed of authors are no longer authors as we know them... they are: The Pod-People!
The Pod People have invaded the earth. Editors run away screaming in terror. Publishers shake their angry fists vowing revenge, and agents devise plots to put an end to this newfound reign of the pod people. Yet, in the daily lives of the average civilian, people have no idea of this invasion that has taken the publishing world by storm, uprooting every tradition that traditional publishers hold dear.
But who are these Pod-People and what have they done? They are authors who have turned their backs on traditional publishing and set out to self-publish. Not only do they self-publish, but also they do it using the Print-on-Demand method.
Print on Demand or POD for short is quite simple: the book is stored on a computer hard-drive and when a customer wants to buy it, the printer prints up, one single solitary copy. Just one. Not 10,000, not 1,000, not 100, not even 10... just one single copy, custom printed and bound just for you. This environmentally friendly method saves trees by not having tens of thousands of copies stored away in a warehouse not being sold. This method uses small sheets of paper, not giant rolls with lots of scrap-waste, also helping to save trees. There is no longer the need to store 2,000 unsold copies of your book in your basement. And best of all, your book NEVER goes out of print, it's always there, always available at any given moment, and ten, twenty, fifty years from now, it'll still be in print whenever a customer asks to buy one!

The answer to that is they do both. They offer two services: one is free and the other you have to pay for.
For their free service, they are a print shop, which you, the author and publisher hires to print up copies of your book. In this instance, you are the publisher. You are self-publishing a book. LuLu is simply the printer.
For their paid services they act as the publisher, provide an ISBN#, print their name in the book as the publisher of the book, and market your book for you on Amazon.com. In this case, they are the publisher.
In both cases, you, the author, keep all copyrights, and all profits. In addition, in both cases you never pay the costs of having your book printed. LuLu.com is paid by the customers who buy your books. LuLu.com takes a commission off the cover price of the book, which varies depending on if it's a hardcover or paperback; has b&w text or color pictures; is 4" x 6" or 8" x 12". For most books, they get $4 - $7 per book. You the author get to pick your own commission. How? LuLu's commission is automatically in the cover price; your commission is determined by how much you decide to sell the book for.
Example:
Let's say that for the book you have chosen, LuLu takes a $4 commission, yet you decide to sell the book for a cover price of $9.95. When a customer buys the book, LuLu takes their $4 and you get the $5.95 extra.