What is a Roth 401(k) and why is different?

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A new Workplace Retirement plan has entered the fray - Is it right for you?

As of January 1, 2006 there's a new kid on the Retirement Plan block - The Roth 401(k).  Many workplaces are beginning to add this as an investment option.  Is it right for you? What does it do? How does it work? It's all right here!

IRA vs 401(k)? All Roth 

How is a Roth 401(k) similar to a Roth IRA?

A Roth 401(k) has all of these things in common with the popular Roth IRA
  • All of your contributions are with POST-tax dollars
  • You are not taxed on any of your withdraws when you retire.
  • You can withdraw your original contributions at no penalty (If your Company Allows it)
  • Unlike Roth IRA's, owners of Roth 401(k) accounts (designated Roth accounts) must begin distributions upon reaching age 70 and a half, similar to required minimum distributions for IRA and other retirement plans. (Pub 4530)
  • Employees are able to roll their Roth 401(k) contributions over to a Roth IRA account upon termination of employment.

Roth 401(k) Professional Articles 

Traditional 401(k) vs. a Roth - How do they compare? 

Both of these choices are 401(k) plans - This is how they match up

If you have to pick one or the other, you need to know what the differences are. here are some of the main ones.
  • Both types of plan allow contribution up to the annual limit.(currently up to $15,500 per tax year for those under age 50 and $20,500 for those over)
  • The Traditional 401(k) uses pre-tax dollars while the Roth uses after-tax dollars.
  • Profit sharing and matching plans will match the actual dollar amount that goes in, regardless of tax status.
  • All matching and profit sharing funds are considered to be contributed under the Traditional style plan. (Example: If I contribute to nothing but the Roth option, my contributions will grow and be withdrawn tax-free. However, any and all employer contributed funds will be taxed when withdrawn at your current tax bracket.
  • Roth 401(k) contributions are irrevocable, such that once money is invested into a Roth 401(k) account; it can not be moved to a regular 401(k) account.

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Get your Daily Dose of Kramer 

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Good Rules of Thumb 

Hard and Fast decision making rules regarding the Roth

Before we get into more detailed analysis and calculators, here are some hard and fast rules of thumb to go by when deciding to use a Roth.

Current Federal Tax Rate

If your current Federal Tax Rate is lower than you anticipate it being in retirement, The Roth is better. <i>If you don't make much now or you are planning on retiring with more income than you have now</i>0 points

Future Tax Structure Risk

If you think <b> Federal Income Tax Rates </b> are going to rise significantly as a whole by the time you retire then the Roth may be good for you. <i> Conversely, If you think they will fall, the Traditional may be better for you</i>0 points

Tax Diversification

If you already have other retirement assets and those are being taxed every year or will be taxed at retirement, it may be a good idea to mix up the tax consequences with a Roth. This is called <b> tax diversification</b>0 points

Roth 401(k) Reviews 

The latest breaking Reviews about Roth 401(k)s

Stop Juggling Your Retirement Investments
Moreover, you can look into whether your employer offers a Roth 401(k) at work -- an increasing number of employers do, including IBM (NYSE: IBM) and Google ...
Year-End Choice: Go Solo on Your 401(k)?
Or you can designate the account as a Roth 401(k). You would get no deduction on contributions but withdrawals would be tax-free. ...
2009 year-end tax planning tips
Contributions you make to a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) aren't deductible, but qualified Roth distributions are completely free from federal income tax making ...
Brookfield's Reardon Offers 2009 Year-End Tax Tips
Contributions you make to a Roth IRA (assuming that you meet the income requirements) or a Roth 401(k) aren't deductible, so there's no tax benefit for 2009 ...

My Experience with the Roth 401(k) 

This is what I have learned in my Hands on experience with the Roth 401(k)

Background

on January 1, 2006 companies were able to begin offering a Roth option to the standard Defined Contribution 401(k) plans that are becoming so common in the workplace. This option works very similar to the Roth IRA where your contributions are taxed and your eventual withdraws are tax free. This offers a huge opportunity to sack away more money with no future tax liability then ever because the limits are 401(k) contribution limits and not IRA contribution limits (IRA limits are currently $4,000/ yr while 401(k) limits are somewhere in the neighborhood of $15,000 for 2006)

The company I work for didn't know anything about Roth 401(k)s until late last year when I brought it up to the HR manager (here I went, causing trouble again). After a little back and forth, the company implemented the plan for this year. As soon as I became eligible on July 1, I eagerly enrolled.

The good

* You don't notice the extra couple bucks that are coming out of your paycheck....you really dont.
* The math works out so you are actually contributing MORE money because you never have to pay taxes on that money again....ever.
* I am still able to practice "tax diversification" more on how in a second.
* The program doesn't cost the employer any more money in terms of matching funds (I don't know about administration costs but I think our provider is a flat fee/ % of assets kind of thing)

Read More.....

Tell us about your Experience 

Do you like the Roth? Have questions about it? Let us know!

If you have a Roth 401(k), feel free to drop us a line and let us know how it's going. If not, tell us why! If you have any questions, throw em on out there and I'll do my best to help you out.

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