Who is Saddam Hussein - Former Arab Leader

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* Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: ''Saddam, (see Arabic phonology for details), is his personal name, means the stubborn one or he who confronts in Arabic (in Iraq also a term for a cars bumper). Hussein (Sometimes also transliterated as Hussayn or Hussain) is not a surname in the Western sense but a patronymic, his father's given personal name; Abid al-Majid his grandfather's; al-Tikriti means he was born and raised in (or near) Tikrit. He was commonly referred to as Saddam Hussein, or Saddam for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only Saddam may be derogatory or inappropriate is based on the mistaken assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, the New York Times incorrectly refers to him as "Mr. Hussein"[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/02/international/middleeast/02IRAQ.html?8br], while Encyclopædia Britannica prefers simply to use Saddam [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=42559]. A full discussion can be found here (Blair Shewchuk, CBC News Online).; April 28, 1937 Under his government, this date was his official date of birth. His real date of birth was never recorded, but it is believed to be a date between 1935 and 1939. From Con Coughlin, Saddam The Secret Life Pan Books, 2003 (ISBN 0-330-39310-3). - December 30, 2006)executed by hanging after being convicted of crimes against humanity following his trial and conviction was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979 until April 9, 2003.Official State Biography of Saddam HusseinOnline NewsHour Update: Coalition Says Iraqi Regime Has Lost Control of Baghdad - April 9, 2003

A leading member of the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup that brought the party to long-term power. As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Saddam tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces ? at a time when many other groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government ? by creating repressive security forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam spearheaded Iraq's nationalization of the Western-owned Iraq Petroleum Company, which had long held a monopoly on the country's oil. Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatuses of government as Iraq's economy grew at a rapid pace.See PBS Frontline (2003), "The survival of Saddam: secrets of his life and leadership: interview with Saïd K. Aburish" at [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saddam/interviews/aburish2.html].

As president, Saddam maintained power during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the first Persian Gulf War (1991). During these conflicts, Saddam repressed movements he considered threatening to the stability of Iraq, particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements seeking to overthrow the government or gain independence, respectively. Whereas some Arabs looked upon him as a hero for his aggressive stance against foreign intervention and for his support for the Palestinians,BBC News, October 16, 2000 [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/974987.stm] United States leaders continued to view Saddam with deep suspicion following the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Saddam was deposed by the U.S. and its allies during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Captured by U.S. forces on December 13, 2003, Saddam was brought to trial under the Iraqi interim government set up by U.S.-led forces. On November 5, 2006, he was convicted of charges related to the executions of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites suspected of planning an assassination attempt against him, and was sentenced to death by hanging. Saddam was executed on December 30, 2006.