Shipwreck Treasure off Coastal Malaysia

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Sunken Treasure Uncovered

Mention the country Malaysia, people will probably tell you about the gastronomic delights of Penang, the Portuguese / Dutch ruins of Malacca and the orang-utans of Sarawak. Visitors here may rant about the captivating corals of Pulau Redang and white pristine beaches of Tioman. Talk exploration, there's the National Park of Pahang and the enchanting Mount Kinabalu. Famed for its lime-stone hills, Ipoh is also known for its beautiful women folk, which also happens to be the birth place of former Bond-girl, Michelle Yeoh. By the way, the world famous shoe designer, Jimmy Choo is also Malaysian, did you know that?

Yeah, all the stuff associated with this charming place called Malaysia is nice and each topic richly deserves a separate lens. But today, I'd like to talk about Malaysian treasures. No, not of the legal tender kind but in the form of artefacts salvaged from the bottom of the South China Sea and the Malacca Straits. They are now on display at the National Museum of Malaysia and will be there for the remaining of 2011. I took some shots and thought of sharing them with you.

It's been said that shipwrecks are like time capsules. The things they leave behind tell you a bit about the past; yup, we're talking history here. Having said that, I'm sure you'd agree that unless you have a PhD in archaeology specializing in ancient Asian civilization, looking at shipwreck remains may not tell you very much. Good thing though the museum provided some information on the ships and the exhibits so your's truly didn't look like a complete ignoramus. That plus other people's views on the subject (and my, ahem.. basic knowledge of Malayan history) sort of heightened my appreciation for shipwrecks (that didn't sound quite right, did it? What I really meant was my deepest sympathies for those who perished, but I appreciate the evidence they left behind).

Table of Contents

WHAT LIES BENEATH THE MALAYSIAN SEAS?

Unravelling the Secrets of The Past

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Malaya History in Brief

type=textI'll tell you a little bit about Malayan history. Not that all these shipwrecks are tied to Malayan history. But I was hoping to give you a glimpse of the events that took place here when these shipwrecks occured off our shores. But I'll keep it short so as not to bore you.. Also please note that the town Malacca is often quoted because a lot of stuff happened here. It's like the icing of the Malayan cake, get it? So please don't confuse Malacca with Malaya. One is a town, the other is an entire country.

Imagine a primordial civilization where the early Chinese, Arab and European merchant ships converge in this tropical port-town called Malacca and carrying on board spices, precious stones, silk, porcelain, food stuff and even luxuries such as kingfisher feather, elephant tusks, rhinoceros horns and pearls from the region. Hundreds of Chinese "junks" dot the Malacca Straits and dozens of sail ships ferry traders and missionaries to our shores. Looming in the distance, a darker picture emerges; a fleet of Portuguese warships laden with canons prepare for an all-out invasion of Malacca (CE 1511). They capture Malacca after a fierce battle with the Malacca Sultanate, which later goes on to establish the Johor Sultanate. The Dutch, equally tempted to control this lucrative trade route subsequently overthrows the Portuguese with the help of the Johor Sultanate (CE 1641). But the Dutch then surrenders Malacca to the British (CE 1824) who then rules the British colonies of Singapore, Penang and Malacca (CE 1826 - CE 1946). And finally, the Second World War; the British relinquishes power to the Japanese without a fight but reclaims it three years later. That's Malayan history condensed. After gaining independence from the British in 1957 it became Malaysia..

Those were the days when this peninsula was known as "Tanah Melayu" which is translated to English as "Malay Land" or simply "Malaya". From the writings of the Greek mathematician and geographer, Claudius Ptolemy (CE 90 - CE 168), we know that the early Europeans traversed our waters sometime in the first century. The Chinese are also believed to have sailed our seas during the Han Dynasty (BCE 206 - CE 220) and had trade ties with the Roman Empire. That's a long way back. And the fact that Malacca Straits was part of the most happening trade route in the early days (known as the "Silk Road"), can you imagine the amount of maritime traffic here? And considering the perils of sea travel; storms, pirates, treacherous reefs, people dozing off at the wheels, many poor souls must have succumbed to the dangers. Over two thousand years of maritime trade, the ocean floor of the South China Sea would have become a graveyard of numerous shipwrecks.The actual number of shipwrecks here is anyone's guess. A Malaysian Minister recently announced there's been 75 reported shipwrecks in our waters alone, and many more were not reported. Hmm... think about all the wreckage still lying there just waiting to be discovered? By the way, some of the shipwrecks discovered was as recent as in 2003, so I won't be surprised if another discovery is made pretty soon.

Before I digress further into outer-space, let me get back to the topic at hand which is to show you the items salvaged from the Malaysian seas. I've arranged the photos in the chronological order of the shipwreck events with accompanying notes of the wreckage and recovered items.To get a perspective of the TIMES during which these mishaps took place, I have included snippets of other information I thought was relevant.

A Ring-handled Storage Urn

An Antique Featured in The Exhibition

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THE "TANJUNG SIMPANG MENGAYAU" SHIPWRECK (CE 960 - CE 1126)

The oldest shipwreck discovered from Malaysian waters

Items salvaged from the Tanjung Simpang Mengayau ShipwreckThe wrecksite was found by a local fisherman in 2003. It was located 700 meters from the shores of Tanjung Simpang Mengayau, Kudat, Sabah. under 12 meters of water. The artefacts included bronze gongs and ceramic wares believed to originate from the Song Dynasty of China (CE 960 - CE 1276). This ship may have been sunk by strong north-east monsoon waves and then broken up almost instantly as the pounding waves smashed it against the coral rocks . Little remains of the timber that made up the ship. A sample was sent for analysis and the results indicated that it came from a tree species only found in temperate climate, which suggests that the ship was built in China

There was also extensive looting, so that may explain the limited items on display (couldn't see any bronze gongs!).

Who were the Songs ?

Ewer in olive-glazedThis ewer has been fired with an olive green glaze and is appears to come from the Northern Song Dynasty of China.

Now a little background on the Songs. Who were they? Sources say they were the most advanced society of their time. That was around CE 1000. Credit goes to them for advancing international trade even with people from as far as the Arabian peninsula and east Africa. They were also leading in the technological fields of agriculture, iron-workings and printing. Not only that, they initiated an orderly system of government administration. May not be a big deal today, but people actually had to pass public examinations to get jobs as government officials.

But sadly, I read that the practice of binding feet of women flourished during the Song Dynasty (although it started with its predecessors, the T'angs).
I'm not getting into the details of binding little girls feet...it's simply too ugly to describe.

EMPEROR TAIZU (CE 960 - CE 976) OF THE SONG DYNASTY

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This emperor was responsible for unifying China, establishing a central government with an effective system of administration, promoting technological innovation and foreign diplomatic relations.

THE "TURIANG " SHIPWRECK (CE 1370)

Early Signs of China's Ming Dynasty in Malaysian Waters

Items salvaged from the Turiang ShipwreckAmong the oldest shipwreck findings in the South China Sea, it was discovered by a Swedish marine archaeologist, Sten Sjostrand on May 1998 about 100 nautcal miles from the nearest land. This ship was found to be from the Ming Dynasty era (CE 1368 - CE 1644). Numerous Sukhotai vases, Sisatchanalai green glazed wares and underglazed fish and flower plates of Thai and Vietnamese origin were found.

These ceramics offered new clues about the maritime trade in Southeast Asia, and in particular into the history of Thai ceramics. The Turiang was a Chinese ship apparently heading for Borneo and/or Sulawesi.

Why were there so manyThai & Vietnamese ceramics on board a Chinese Ship?

type=textThanks to Sten Sjostrand who discovered the Turiang, we got to know that Thai ceramics was BIG business in South-east Asia. The Turiang (named after the kiln-sites in Thailand from which most of the stoneware was produced) was actually a Chinese ship but had Thai, Vietnamese and Chinese ceramics on board. It was probably sailing from Ayutthaya, then capital of Thailand to Borneo and/or Sulawesi. With over half the cargo making up Thai ceramics, historians began to reassess the importance of the two major production centres of Sukhothai and Si-Satchanalai in Thailand.

The Turiang also tells us that the dominance of Chinese ceramics in export markets during the Song (CE 960 - CE 1276) and early Yuan (CE 1271 - CE 1368) dynasties later faced serious competition from Vietnamese and Thai ceramics (notably from the 14th century onwards during the Ming Dynasty). Some believe it was due to Chinese potters fleeing the Mongol invasion in northern China for safer pastures in Thailand and Vietnam, implying a transfer of technical know-how of ceramic making from Chinese migrants to their would-be competitors. Some ship builders are also thought to have left China in CE 1371.

It has also been suggested that the decline in Chinese ceramics may be due to the 'Ming ban'.

The 'Ming ban' was a ban imposed by the Emperor Hongwu on all maritime activities primarily to curb piracy activities. Apparently this move was counter-productive and caused untold misery to the coastal communities and legitimate sea traders. This ban not only made it painful for business, it also made it tough for foreigners to visit China. At that time, the only way for foreigners to visit Ming China was via the tribute system.

Close Shot of a Celadon plate from The Turiang

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A Sisatchanalai celadon plate with floral motif.

Video on Shipwreck Expeditions in Malaysia

Watch this video for an overview of shipwreck findings and exploration in Malaysia.
Malaysian Shipwreck Expeditions
Overview of Malaysia Shipwrecks

Books on Pottery

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Books on Ceramics

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THE "NANYANG" SHIPWRECK (CE 1380)

Another Chinese Shipwreck from the MIng Dynasty

Items salvaged from the Nanyang ShipwreckThis wreckage was disovered in 1995 about 10 nautical miles from Pulau Pemanggil, Johor. Under 54 meters of sea water, Sawankhalok and Sisatchanalai celadon plates and jars from Southern China were found.

Apparently this discovery was made by Sverker Hallstrom based on information gathered by Sten Sjostrand. The vessel is estimated to be 18 meters long with a mast 5 meters high and with about 15,000 to 20,000 pieces of stoneware and clayware on board. The Nanyang shipwreck is dated CE 1380 and but shows a distinct shift in trade from China to Thailand. The merchant ship still had a Chinese design but was made of tropical hardwood. Could it have been built in Thailand as well?

Close Shot of a Storage Jar from the Nanyang

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This storage jar with blackish brown glaze is believed to originate from Maenam Noi, Singburi, Thailand.

THE "LONGQUAN" SHIPWRECK (CE 1400)

Still More Evidence of Thai Ceramics in Chinese Ships

type=textThis 25 meter long ship from the Ming Dynasty was discovered 23 nautical miles off the coast of Terengganu in 1996. About 10,000 pieces of Chinese and Thai (Sisatchanalai and Sukhotai) celadons were found amongst the wreckage.

The discovery was again made by Swede, Sten Sjostrand.

The "Longquan", similar to the "Nanyang" was found to be made of tropical wood and was difficult to excavate as it was lying in more than 60 meters of water.

The name "Longquan" actually refers to the place in China where the green glaze ceramics (or "celadon") are renowned for. As for the celadons of Thailand, well, some people think their origins are linked to the arrival of Chinese migrants. The phenomenal growth of Thai celadons may also be attributed to the "Ming Ban" which I told you about before.

Since we're on the subject of "celadons", this is what I found; The story of the celadon began when a green glaze was used in China by the 7th century. During the Song dynasty (CE 960- CE 1280) this developed to a jade-like substance.

It's been written that celadon, like jade, was believed to have magical and protective powers; a celadon would ring if danger was approaching, and would change colour to warn of poisoned food. The technique of making it was perfected by the 12th and 13th century, and by the 14th century, motifs such as lotus flowers and chrysanthemums were incorporated into them. However by the14th century, the blue-and-white porcelain was also introduced and gradually displaced the underglaze black tradition.

Celadon Jars from the Longquan

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Books on Treasure Hunters

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Books on Shipwrecks

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THE "ROYAL NANHAI" SHIPWRECK (CE 1460)

A Royal Barge from Ming China That Went Down

Items salvaged from the Royal Nanhai ShipwreckThis wreckage was discovered by Sten Sjostrand in 1995 about 40 nautical miles offshore from Kuantan, Pahang. Over 20,000 pieces of items were found. They included ceramics from the Si Satchanalai and Sawankhalok kilns of Thailand and Chinese blue and white bowls from the Jingtai / Tienshun years of the Interregnum period (CE 1450 - CE 1464). This was a period when large numbers of such wares were found in South East Asia. Other findings comprised black-tinted lacquer boxes, ivory sword handles, and a minister's stamp made of bronze with an elephant-shaped handle. Sadly, about 80% of them were severely damaged.

This 28 meter-long vessel, believed to be a royal barge from China, was submerged at a depth of 46 meters. For the purpose of future ongoing studies, more than 2,600 ceramics from the cargo were donated to the National Museum in Kuala Lumpur.

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Lacquer Box from the Royal Nanhai

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Video on The Royal Nanhai Expedition

Nice video about shipwreck expeditions from locating the site to recovery operations. Watch this and be inspired, who knows, maybe you might decide to take the plunge soon!
The Royal Nanhai Expedition
Watch divers search The Royal Nanhai

THE "XUANDE" SHIPWRECK (CE 1540)

An Unfinished Imperial Mission

Items salvaged from the Xuande ShipwreckThis wreckage was discovered in 1996, about 60 nautical miles from the coast of Terengganu. Among the items found were 170 pieces of Chinese blue and white porcelain and 130 underglazed pieces of Sukhotai and Sisatchanalais, six items bearing the mark of the Emperor Xuande (CE 1425 - CE 1436) and 2 bronze cannon balls of Portuguese style but probably cast in South-east Asia.

The Xuande, made from soft timber, was believed to be carrying out a special task for China's Emperor before it went down.

Bronze Bangles from The Xuande

(Not your average costume jewellery)

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Blue & White Arabic-style Ewer from The Xuande

An Arab Inspired "Ming" ?

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This ewer appears to have been custom-made for foreign markets.

A little bit about the Emperor Xuande of The Ming Dynasty

An Emperor Who Also Painted

Illustration of Emperor XuandeAs this ship was named "Xuante" presumably with reference to the Emperor Xuande from the Ming Dynasty, I thought of learning a bit of the emperor himself.

Born Zhu Zhanji, he was the eldest son of the Hongxi Emperor and Empress Cheng Xiao Zhao. Xuande was also fond of poetry and literature. Unlike his father, the Xuande Emperor (r. CE 1426-CE1435) decided to keep Beijing as the capital and rule the dynasty in the style of his grandfather, Yongle. (Yongle was keen on establishing maritime might and international trade). So he ordered Zheng He to lead another maritime expedition to continue the Yongle Emperor's golden age. Unfortunately, this was to be the last great voyage of Admiral Zheng He.

By the way, he was also a swell painter, no kidding. You should see his paintings of animals.

(Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuande_Emperor )

Some Information on Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

The Famous Eunuch Captain

Admiral Zheng HeI thought it appropriate to research a little bit about Zheng He because not only was he instrumental in expanding the influence of the Emperor Xuande, he really did influence the course of Malaya history.

It seems that when Zheng He's fleet first arrived in Malacca in CE 1409, he found Chinese people already living there. And that was not to be his last visit. From my readings, 5 of his 7 famed voyages included Malacca in his itinerary. It was clear that Ming China found Malacca to be a useful transit centre for replenishment of fleet supplies. Relations with the Malacca ruler was amicable too. In fact, the sultan and sultana of Malacca at the time visited China and paid ample tribute to the emperor. Sultan Mansur Shah who ruled form CE1459 to CE 1477 later dispatched Tun Perpatih Putih as his envoy to China, carrying a letter from the sultan to the Ming emperor. The letter requested the hand of an imperial daughter in marriage. In the year 1459, a princess (Hang Li Po or Hang Liu), was sent by the Ming emperor to marry the sultan. The princess came with 500 sons of ministers and a few hundred handmaidens as her entourage. They eventually settled in Bukit Cina, Malacca. It is believed that a significant number of them married into the local populace. The descendants of these mixed marriages are locally known today as Peranakan and still use the honorifics Baba (male title) and Nyonya (female title).

In Malaysia today, some people believe that Admiral Zheng He (who died in 1433) sent princess Hang Li Po to Malacca in the year 1459 (how is this possible, I wonder... note the dates). However there is no record of Hang Li Po (or Hang Liu) in Ming history. She is mentioned only within Malaccan folklore and in the Sejarah Melayu or Malay Annals.

(Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He )

Books on Malaysia

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Books on Chinese Civilization

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Books on South-east Asia

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THE "SINGTAI" SHIPWRECK (CE 1550)

Some of the items salvaged from the Singtai ShipwreckDiscovered in April 2001 around 12 nautical miles from Redang Island, Terengganu, this 22 meters long ship was found to have on board mainly Thai pottery, especially storage jars. The construction of the ship which includes transverse bulkheads made from soft wood (joined by square iron nails) suggest that The "Singtai" may have been built in China.

However around this time, Chinese blue and white porcelain was getting more popular than the Thai celadon especially amongst the Europeans which resulted in the decline of Thai kilns.

MALAYA THEN: Malacca would now be in the hands of Portuguese invaders. Alfonso d' Albuquerque and his Portuguese fleet attack and finally captures Malacca on the 10 August 1511. The then Sultan Mahmud escapes to Pahang and the Portuguese goes on to build a fort called - "A Famosa" (the Famous) and Melaka passes into colonial hands for the next four and a half centuries.

Covered box from the Singtai Shipwreck

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Sisatchanalai covered box with black underglaze from the Sisatchanalai kilns of Thailand.

THE "NASSAU" SHIPWRECK (CE 1606)

Dutch fails in attempt to capture Malacca from the Portuguese

Items salvaged from the Nassau ShipwreckThe "Nassau" was apparently built in 1602 and owned by the Dutch East India Company. It sank at Bambek Shoal about 5 kilometers from Port Dickson. Led by the Dutch Admiral Cornelius Matelief de Jonge it is believed this ship was a casualty of war with the Portuguese in an attempt to capture the fortified Portuguese trading post of Malacca. This battle is also known as "The Battle of Cape Rachado". Bottles, ship pulley, rusted metal sheets, cannon balls, brass spoon and tin ingots were among the finds in the wreckage.

A bottle from The Nassau

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This bottle is encrypted with the words "A Van Hovoken & Co Rotterdam".

The Admiral who led the Dutch fleet in the "Battle of Cape Rachado"

Admiral Cornelius Matelief de Jonge

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Rachado)

THE PORTUGUESE ADMIRAL WHO LED THE INVASION OF MALACCA (CE 1511)

That was about 95 years before The Battle of Cape Rachado

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(The above is a painting of Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque - The National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon, Portugal)

The Portuguese in Malacca were later defeated by the Dutch in CE 1641.

(Source: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_de_Albuquerque)

AMONG THE BEST BEACHES AND DIVE SITES IN THE WORLD

MALAYSIAN BEST DIVE SITES & THE MOST GORGEOUS BEACHES

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I have some links below that might help you locate the best beaches and dive spots in Malaysia. "Selamat Datang ke Malaysia" ! ("WELCOME TO MALAYSIA !" in the Malay language).

Best Diving Spots and Beaches in Malaysia

Worlds Best Diving Spots
Dive among the best spots in the world!
Diving Sites in Malaysia
12 Great Dive Sites in Malaysia
Best Malaysian Beaches
Visit The Best Malaysian Beaches
Scuba Diving in Malaysia
Diving sites in Malaysia

THE "WANLI" SHIPWRECK (CE 1630)

The Portuguese Ship That (Probably) Blew Up

type=textThe "Wanli" was of Portuguese design but built in India and was discovered on 1st November 2003 off the coast of Dungun, Terengganu.
Kraak Chinese porcelain were found in the wreckage.

When excavation work was carried out on this ship, 9,400 kg of broken porcelain was found. The high rate of damage to the cargo may have been due to Portuguese setting fire to the Wanli over some disputes with Dutch traders, The fire may have reached the powder room causing the ship to explode. Of the cargo recovered, there were still 7,400 registered pieces - a registered piece means it is at least 51% complete.

A bit on Kraak porcelain; the word "kraak" is believed to be named after the Portuguese ships (Carracks) in which it was transported. Mainly from the era of the Wanli reign (CE 1563-CE 1620) up to about CE 1640, kraak ware was among the first Chinese wares to arrive in Europe in large quantities. I suppose they must have been regarded as highly aesthetic objects since they were frequently featured in Dutch still-life paintings.

Mostly painted in underglazed cobalt blue style that was perfected under the Ming dynasty, It is often decorated with traditional motifs found on Chinese porcelain but with some variations., such as stylized flowers (peonies and chrysanthemums) and Buddhist auspicious emblems. However, Kraak decoration is most characterized with the use of foliated radial panels where the surface of the porcelain is divided into segments, each containing its own discrete image.

MALAYA THEN: You might like to know that not long after the "Wanli" shipwreck, Melaka falls into the hands of the Dutch on the 14 January 1641. The Portuguese Governor, Manuel de Souza Couthinho surrenders the city to Captain Minne Williemson Kaartokoe.

Joss Stick Holder salvaged from the Wanli Shipwreck

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This is a joss stick holder in the figure of a headless crane probably made from the Dehua kilns of Fujian province, China.

Video on Wanli Expedition

Watch this interesting video and see how salvage operations are done.
Wanli Expedition
Watch divers explore The Wanli

The Emperor Wanli (CE 1563 - CE 1620)

The Decline of The Ming Empire

Emperor Wanli

The "Wanli" ship (probably not its original name) is presumably named after the Emperor Wanli. It is worth noting that at the time the Wanli ship sank, the Ming Dynasty was also on a tragic course towards oblivion.

At the age of 9, Wanli became emperor and in his early years he ruled under the guidance of elder statesmen. During his early reign the Ming Dynasty's economic and military power prospered. But sadly, towards the end of his rule mainly due to the emperor's gross mismanagement and selfish ambitions, the dynasty progressively declined and was finaly overthrown by the Manchus in CE 1644. The Emperor has been described as obese, extremely self indulgent (he spent huge amounts of state resources to construct his own tomb) and was thought to be an opium addict in his later years.

(Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanli_Emperor )

THE "RISDAM " SHIPWRECK (CE 1727)

Dutch Shipwreck during its Rule of Malacca

Items salvaged from the Risdam ShipwreckFound near the Anambas Island off Johor's coast on 24th April 1984 by treasure hunters from Singapore, the Risdam was a cargo vessel owned by the Dutch East India Company. It was believed to be sailing from Ayutthaya, Thailand on its second ever voyage. Wood logs, elephant tusks, storage jars containing ginger and other foodstuff and more than 100 tin ingots were found. Some of its looted cargo was impounded in Singapore and was returned to the Malaysian Government (5 tin ingots and 61 elephant tusks).

The elephants tusks you see is believed to have come from South East Asia.

It seems the ship was abandoned after a fatal leak.

A Model of "The Risdam"

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THE "DIANA" SHIPWRECK (CE 1817)

Fine Porcelain from Qing Dynasty on board British Ship

Items from the Diana ShipwreckDiscovered on 21st December 1993 about 8 nautical miles off the coast of Malacca, the findings include beautifully crafted blue and white porcelain in the form of plates, bowls, tea sets and fruitbowls. The "Diana" was also carrying green tea, ginger in water-tight seals, ginseng, camphor and rhubarb. Altogether about 24.000 antique Chinese ship wreck treasure items were recovered from the wreck.

The Diana, belonging to the British East India Company and on its way from China to Madras,apparently crashed into a submerged boulder shortly after departing Malacca port.. The wreckage was discovered in a depth of 35 meters.

It's been said that some 11 ton cargo comprising porcelain from the Qing Dynasty was auctioned off in Amsterdam in 1995 by Christie's and managed to raise US$ 3.3 million.

(I'm having second thoughts about shipwreck treasures not being legal tender... care for a dip, anyone?)

BIG BIG MONEY FROM SHIPWRECK SALVAGE WORKS !!!

Since we're on the topic of money to be made from shipwreck treasure, watch / read this!
Irish Shipwreck Treasure
Video : Treasure hunters find £130m shipwreck off Irish coast !
Croatia Shipwreck Treasure
A shipwreck containing £5million worth of ancient treasures is being protected by a cage, creating a giant underwater safe, in Croatia.
Largest Shipwreck Treasure Found
Video: Found off the coast of Europe. Estimated value: US$ 500 Million ?

How to Scuba Dive

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Scuba Diving

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Various figurines found from the Diana Shipwreck

NICE....

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A Model of "The Diana"

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The Qing Dynasty (CE 1644 - CE 1911)

Last Imperial Dynasty of China

1st Earl Macartney, First British Envoy to China

(The above is an engraving of George Macartney (CE 1737 - CE 1806), the 1st Earl Macartney, an Irish born British citizen who became the first envoy of Britain to China in CE 1792. This was during the reign of the Qing Dynasty where China's foriegn trade flourished)

By the end of the 17th century under the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese economy began to heal from the war-torn days when the Ming Dynasty was overthrown. Order was restored and markets began to expand as in the late Ming period. Foreign trade was reestablished with the re-opening of the southeast coast which had been previously closed. At the height of the Qing Dynasty in the late18th century, China's economy had expanded sizeably. Strong exports of tea, silk and other manufactured goods resulted in a large, favorable trade balance with the West. The inflow of silver into the country further fueled economic growth.

Sadly though its military power weakened therefater. Faced by massive rebellions and defeats in wars, the Qing Dynasty declined after the mid-19th century. The Qing Dynasty was overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution, when Empress Dowager Longyu abdicated on behalf of the last emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912.

(Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Dynasty )

THE "DESARU" SHIPWRECK (CE 1830)

A Declining Demand for Decorative Chinese Ceramics?

Items salvaged from the Desaru ShipwreckFound about 2 nautical miles off the coast of Desaru, Johor in May 2001, this ship was a "junk" ship from China. Apparently, initial information about the wreckage came from local fishermen. A bottom trawler, which twice snagged its nets, found a few pottery shards and one piece of ship's timber. Fortunately, a local fisherman was able to approximate the location where the nets snagged which led to the ship's discovery.

The findings revealed something interesting; although there were high quality blue and white porcelain found on the ship, the quantity did not match those found on earlier shipwrecks like the Diana (CE 1817). Instead there were many large and crudely-potted storage jars found onboard. This may suggest that more practical objects were in higher demand than decorative objects or wares for fine dining.

At the time of the "Desaru" shipwreck, China, under the Qing Dynasty was probably still enjoying considerable affluence. But not for very long though. By the mid-19th century, her fortunes would be tragically reversed as she struggles with rebellion, civil unrest and external pressures.

MALAYA THEN: Closer to home in Malaya, the Anglo-Dutch Treaty (CE 1824) would have already been signed whereby under the treaty the British would give Bencoolen (in Sumatra) to the Dutch in exchange for Malacca. This marks the beginning of British rule in Malaya.

Blue and white dish from the Desaru Shipwreck

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A seal-scripted dish from The Qing Dynasty

Video on Desaru Expedition

Watch this video and see if you decide to change careers!
Desaru Expedition
Watch divers search The Desaru

THE "RANEE" SHIPWRECK (CE 1923)

Sultan's Marraige Outfit Lost At Sea

Glass window remains of The RaneeThis 317 tonne steel ship was built in Germany in 1906 and owned by the Straits Steam Ship Corporation and used to sail between Singapore and Kuantan. In its ill-fated journey to Singapore, it collided with the Boribat and sunk near Sedili Coast of Johor. 31 souls perished. It was believed to be transporting, among other items, loads of tin ore, rubber & rattan. Interestingly, it was also carrying some wedding gifts belonging to Tunku Mohammed, the Sultan of Pahang who was on his way to Kuala Kangsar to marry a member of the Perak royalty. All the regalia of the Sultan Pahang including the marraige outfit was sunk. It appears that much of the sunken cargo of the "Ranee" fell into the hands of illegal treasure hunters.

The picture here shows a glass window recovered from the "Ranee".

MALAYSIAN PEOPLE TODAY

Multi-racial, multi-cultured... AND LOVING IT !

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I thought I might end with a picture of some happy faces cheering you for reading my short compilation of Malaysian shipwrecks. By the way, if you look closely at this photo, you'll see Malays, Chinese, Indians, and a mix of people in various combinations ...its puzzling isn't it? (I'm of ethnic Chinese origin with a slight shade of Malay in me, I think.)

That's what happens to places that are at the cross-roads of very different civilizations, I suppose. But I thank my ancestors for braving the perilous blue waters so that I may have a better life here.

New Guestbook Comments

  • Tipi Oct 27, 2011 @ 9:53 pm | delete
    What a treasure you are giving us here in this extraordinary first lens, fascinating and beautifully presented!
  • ilovereno Oct 29, 2011 @ 5:52 am | delete
    It's REALLY something when you receive such feedback from someone of your calibre. It makes you wanna write your second lens... urgggh..just wish I had the time! THANK YOU, TIPI!
  • CPDInteractive Oct 17, 2011 @ 5:21 am | delete
    Wow!
    I like your lens, very useful and inspiring. thank you.
  • ilovereno Oct 17, 2011 @ 8:37 pm | delete
    Many thanks for your kind words CPDInteractive.... all the best!
  • cffutah Oct 11, 2011 @ 10:32 pm | delete
    great stuff indeed that you can find in our oceans, glad I browsed upon your lens tonight, gave you a 'thumbs up' too.
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ilovereno

Hi! I'm a property negotiator, I love the outdoors, to paint, read non-fiction stuff , watch old classics and horror flicks, cook for friends and tell... more »

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