Six Sigma Yellow Belt Test Questions

1. What does DMAIC stand for?
a) Define Measure Analyse Improve Continue
b) Define Measure Assess Improve Control
c) Define Measure Analyse Implement Control
d) Define Measure Analyse Improve Control

2. What is an Ishikawa diagram NOT used for?
a) Identify potential root causes of a failure mode
b) Provide a visual display of the X inputs that are driving the Y output
c) Reject the null hypothesis in a hypothesis test
d) Allow a systematic and balanced assessment of key drivers in a process

3. Which of the following are conformance costs? Choose one answer.
a) Appraisal costs of batch testing
b) Losses due to selling poor quality goods at a knock-down price
c) Running the customer service response team
d) Payment of a dividend to shareholders

4. In the Analyse phase, which of the following tools are sometimes used?
I. Hypothesis testing
II. Analysis of variance
III. Paired t-test
IV. Regression analysis

a) I only
b) I and II
c) I and II and III
d) All of the above.

5. What does a Gage R&R test stand for, and what does it mean?

6. In a control chart, control limits are the same as specification limits. True or False. And give a reason.

7. If the p-value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis should be rejected. True or False.

8. In a process map, what does a diamond (or rhombus) usually represent?

9. What is the Kano Model?
a) A prototype Japanese electric car
b) An analytical framework for measuring random variation in a process
c) A model for understanding the key drivers of customer satisfaction
d) A formula for quantifying the yield of online advertising platforms

10. A histogram with two humps is generally described as
a) Bimodal
b) Bipedal
c) Distributed
d) Symmetric

1. d) Define Measure Analyse Improve Control. This is the famous DMAIC methodology, which is based on Deming's famous cycle of "Plan, Do, Check and Act".

2. c) Ishikawa, or fishbone diagrams, are used to graphically map root causes of process performance - the X's that drive the Y's. They are nothing to do with hypothesis testing.

3. a) Appraisal costs are internal failure costs and a cost of conforming production to a required quality standard. Think of this in relation to the Six Sigma concept of the "hidden factory" - the cost of internal re-work to enable a process to operate at optimal efficiency.

4. d) All of the statistical tests listed are useful during the Analyse phase to assess the root causes of process variation.

5. A Gage R&R tests stands for "Repeatability and Reproducibility". This measures measurement system error i.e. the element of variation that is caused by the measurement system itself. The meanings of the two "R's" are distinct: repeatability refers to differences in repeated measurement on the same item by the same operator at the same place. Reproducibility, on the other hand, refers to measurement made by different operators at different locations. If the measurement system does not work accurately, the Six Sigma Yellow Belt Project may target the wrong causes and improvements can not be accurately quantified.

6. False. Control limits are set by the data. Specification limits are set by the customer.

7. True. This is a standard premise of hypothesis testing. It is useful to remember the mnemonic "If the p is low, the null must go!"

8. A diamond, or rhombus, usually represents a decision point.

9. The Kano model is a pioneering and influential model of customer satisfaction. It defines three categories of customer requirements - "must be" (baseline standards that are essential and result in active dissatisfaction if not met), "more is better" factors that operate on a linear basis and "delighters" - needs that do not causes dissatisfaction when not present, but satisfy the customer if they are present. For example with regards to a hotel room, a "must be" factor is basic cleanliness and a bed, a "more is better" factor is room size and a "delighter" is champagne on ice and a 50" plasma TV.

10. Bimodal. The data clusters in two modes. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimodal_distribution

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