Stem Enhance: New Stem Cell Developments

Hello! My name is Phyl Franklin. A friend of mine introduced me to STEMTech. The minute I heard the presentation I knew I had to get involved. At that time, I only had enough money to either pay my rent or join STEMTech, I chose STEMTech. 

I'm just an ordinary guy, yet we've built an organization of friends helping friends. We truly are one big family, by helping each other to achieve optimal health and financial success, we create a more successful company. STEMTech has transformed our lives and I get a good feeling from helping people with their health and their wealth, too.

Whether you are a "baby bomer", athlete, or anyone else looking to optimize your health, our patented formulation, StemEnhance is for you. As STEMTech creates a global presence, we are now in seven countries, we welcome you to become a part of the "Wellness Revolution" and our STEMTech family.

Mr. Drapeau is an author, research scientist and neurophysiologist with over thirteen years of research experience in the fields of natural foods and nutrition. He has lectured on nutrition to over 30,000 people since 1994, presenting profound health information and insights with clarity and humor. Mr.Drapeau has been the Director of Research at Desert Lake Technologies since 2000, pursuing scientific research in collaboration with various universities and research centers on the health benefits of certain botanical raw materials. Based on research he produced, and information he researched from other various scientific teams, Mr. Drapeau and his collaborators recently proposed and published a breakthrough theory on adult stem cell physiology, and is the co-inventor of StemEnhance.

Mr. Drapeau received a bachelor's degree in Neurophysiology from McGill University, Montreal, in 1987 and a master's degree from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery from the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, in 1991.

Welcome

In a few minutes you will be receiving a valuable and informative email on our patented first of its kind, all natural product StemEnhance®. And not to leave out our 4 legged friends in our series you will also learn about STEMTech's products specially designed for Dogs and Horses.

They will also educate you on how the coming together of the Wellness industry, the stem cell revolution and these products puts you in a position to create a fortune.

Don't wait, call or email us right now. The media just can't stop talking about stem cells. Let us show you how with the corporate leadership of STEMTech combined with our Team and this system makes building your business with STEMTech Simple, Fun and Profitable!

We look forward to speaking with you and answering all your questions and if we can't answer them, not to worry there is always someone on our team that can.

As promised click on the links below for your free eBooks.

Click here to download PrimordialFood Ebook by Christian Drapeau

Click here to download "7 Secrets to Home Business Success" eBook

Kindest Regards,

Phyl Franklin
phylfranklin@yahoo.com
970-985-4076

Click the video above to watch a fascinating video on how Stem Enhance works with your own body to release some of the stem cells in your own bone marrow.

Click the audio above to listen to a wonderful training call on Stem Enhance. You'll learn a lot!

 

SCIENTIFIC STUDIES

CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE
including Molecular Interventions
Posted January 1, 2008

Abstract - PubMed.gov

Description

Mobilization of human CD34+CD133+ and CD34+CD133 stem cells in vivo by consumption of an extract from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae-related to modulation of CXCR4 expression by an L-selectin ligand?

This article is not included in your organization's subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organization's agreement with Elsevier.
Gitte S. Jensen, Aaron N. Hartb, Lue A.M. Zaske, Christian Drapeau, Niraj Guptad, David J. Schaeffere and J. Alex Cruickshank

a. Holger NIS, 601 13 Avenue NE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2E 1C7

b. NIS Labs, 1437 Esplanade, Klamath Falls, OR, USA

c. StemTech Health Sciences Inc., 1011 Calle Amanecer, San Clemente, CA, USA

d. Cancer Treatment Center, Merle West Medical Center, 2610 Uhrmann Rd, Klamath Falls, OR, USA

e. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA

The coauthor C. Drapeau is Chief Science Officer for StemTech Health Sciences, which distributes the product StemEnhance, used for the in vivo part of this paper. No other authors have any commercial interest in the subject matter. Available online 29 August 2007.

Abstract
Objective
The goal of this study was to evaluate effects on human stem cells in vitro and in vivo of an extract from the edible cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) enriched for a novel ligand for human CD62L (L-selectin).

Experimental approach
Ligands for CD62L provide a mechanism for stem cell mobilization in conjunction with down-regulation of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor for stromal derived factor 1. Affinity immunoprecipitation was used to identify a novel ligand for CD62L from a water extract from AFA. The effects of AFA water extract on CD62L binding and CXCR4 expression was tested in vitro using human bone marrow CD34+ cells and the two progenitor cell lines, KG1a and K562. A double-blind randomized crossover study involving 12 healthy subjects evaluated the effects of consumption on stem cell mobilization in vivo.

Results
An AFA extract rich in the CD62L ligand reduced the fucoidan-mediated externalization of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor on bone marrow CD34+ cells by 30% and the CD62L+ CD34+ cell line KG1A by 50% but did not alter the CXCR4 expression levels on the CD34 cell line K562. A transient, 18% increase in numbers of circulating CD34+ stem cells maximized 1 hour after consumption (P<.0003). When 3 noncompliant volunteers were removed from analysis, the increase in CD34+ cells was 25% (P<.0001).

Conclusion
AFA water extract contains a novel ligand for CD62L. It modulates CXCR4 expression on CD34+ bone marrow cells in vitro and triggers the mobilization of CD34+ CD133+ and CD34+ CD133 cells in vivo.

Keywords: L-selectin; Ligand; Human; Adult stem cell; CD34; CD133; KG1a; K562; Bone marrow; Mobilization; Blue-green algae; Cyanobacteria; Aphanizomenon; In vivo; In vitro

Abbreviations: AFA, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; PBMC, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PMN, Polymorph-nucleated cells

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Buffers and media
2.2. Cyanobacterial extracts
2.3. Monoclonal antibodies
2.4. Capturing of ligand using Dynabeads and chimera proteins
2.5. Electrophoresis
2.6. Human subjects
2.7. Immunostaining for L-selectin
2.8. Immunostaining for CXCR4 expression on different types of progenitor cells
2.9. Induction of CXCR4 expression on various types of stem and progenitor-type cells
2.10. Study design for in vivo testing of consumption of an LSL-rich fraction of AFA
2.11. Statistical analysis
3. Results
3.1. AFA contains a ligand for human L-selectin (CD62L)
3.2. AFA-W specifically reduces TQ1 immunostaining of L-selectin on human PMN cells
3.3. AFA-W inhibits the fucoidan-induced CXCR4 expression on CD34+ cells from bone marrow and on the KG1a CD34bright cell line but not on the CD34 cell line K562
3.4. In vivo: consumption of an AFA extract rich in AFA-LSL resulted in a transient increase of circulating CD34+ cells
4. Discussion

Acknowledgements
References

Download Complete Article Here: http://twurl.nl/2ne65h

Health Professionals Research

Study of Chlorophyll

Effect of dietary chlorophyll derivatives on mutagenesis and tumor cell growth

Chernomorsky S, Segelman A, Poretz RD. (1999). Teratog Carcinog Mutagen.19(5):313-22

Much attention in recent years has been given to the antigenotoxicity of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll, however, is known to be converted into pheophytin, pyropheophytin, and pheophorbide in processed vegetable food and following ingestion by humans. Studies were conducted on the antimutagenic and tumoricidal potencies of these compounds. All the chlorophyll derivatives tested exhibit identical antimutagenic effect towards 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), suggesting that the porphyrin nucleus may complex directly with the mutagen. It does not exclude, however, another mechanism of activity involving inactivation the enzymatic transformation of 3-MC. In contrast, the action of N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) depends upon structural differences between the chlorophyll derivatives. It is significantly lower when the phytol-containing pheophytin and pyropheophytin are tested as to that of the phytol-lacking pheophorbide. The higher concentrations of the chlorophyll derivatives were required to reduce the mutagenicity of MNNG than needed for 3-MC. The cytotoxicity of chlorophyll derivatives against tumor cells also was evaluated. The cellular uptake and inhibition of myeloma cell multiplicity were found to be greater for pheophorbide than for pheophytin. Calculated on the amount of cell associated chlorophyll derivative, however, pheophytin was more cytostatic/cytotoxic than pheophorbide. The results presented in this report indicate that food sources that yield chlorophyll derivatives may play a significant role in cancer prevention.

An Exciting New Discovery!
Recently the first stage of an extensive research project carried out at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Canada produced some remarkable results. The project studies the effect of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae on the immune and endocrine systems, as well as on general blood physiology. It was discovered that eating AFA had a profound and unique effect on Natural Killer (NK) cells. The results were recently published under the title: Effects of the Blue Green Algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae on Human Natural Killer Cells. It appears in Chapter 3.1 of the IBC Library Series, Volume 1911, Phytoceuticals: Examining the health benefit and pharmaceutical properties of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals.

NK cells have the ability to search for and recognize cells that are cancerous or have been infected by a virus, and kill them. The team of research scientists at the Royal Victoria Hospital, led by Dr. Gitte S. Jensen, discovered that eating Aphanizomenon flos-aquae triggers the movement of 40% of the circulating NK cells from the blood to the tissues where their main function is to perform immune surveillance and eliminate cancerous and virally-infected cells. Further research may prove that eating a small amount of AFA every day could assist in the prevention of cancer and viral infections. No other substance is known to trigger such a movement of NK cells in the body. This is very exciting news! We hope you will share it with everyone you know!

______________________________

NOTE: These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food &
Drug Administration. The information contained in this website, are not
intended to treat, cure or prevent any disease. Results may vary.

Your performance is limited by your body's ability to renew, rebuild and rejuvenate itself.

Here's how StemSPORT can help you get the edge...

*Renew and recover faster* by naturally increasing your circulating stem cell count
*Improve your mental clarity*
*Reap the many benefits that come from aiding your body's ability to transport vital
nutrients, oxygen and stem cells to your muscles, tissues and organs*

How StemSPORT Works

Activity and exercise naturally damage the muscle fibers (cells). Recent scientific developments have revealed that stem cells released from the bone marrow are at the core of the body's renewal process, traveling throughout the body to support organs and tissues in need.

Having more stem cells in the bloodstream allows you to repair, rebuild, and recover faster* - so you can return to activity and athletic participation more fully and more quickly.

StemSPORT consists of StemEnhance®, a patented botanical extract clinically shown to increase the number of circulating stem cells by an average of 25%; and StemFLO®, a powerful triple-action circulatory enhancer that also functions as an antioxidant and helps detoxify the body.*

Nutritional Benefits
* Repair of muscle tissue*
* Increased energy levels*
* Heightened mental clarity*
* Over-all feeling of well-being*

StemEnhance® is a patented botanical extract that has been clinically shown to increase the number of circulating stem cells by an average of 25 percent.* Stem cells are at the core of the body's natural renewal system, traveling to areas of the body in need, such as the muscles after a workout.

Tests conducted by the Center for Preventive Doping Research in Cologne, Germany found StemEnhance® to be free of anabolic steroids and stimulants.

StemFLO® is a triple-action powerhouse that supports the optimal delivery of stem cells, oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.* Contains enzymes that help digest fibrin* and minimize fibrin buildup. Left unchecked, fibrin forms a mesh that can reduce the delivery of cells through the bloodstream. Reduces oxidative stress*. Contains the most powerful antioxidants; mangosteen, berry extract, curcumin, and cat's claw. It has long been understood that antioxidants assist in reducing recovery time.

Helps detoxify the body*. Contains ingredients that assist in the elimination of toxins.

"Supporting the release of stem cells from the bone marrow and increasing the number of circulating stem cells improves various aspects of human health...
...by supporting the repair of micro-tears and micro-injuries created during training, one can exercise more intensely at each subsequent training session, and consequently over time reach greater performance."
Christian Drapeau, Chief Science Officer
STEMTech HealthSciences, Inc.

Article: StemEnhance® & Athlete Training http://twurl.nl/suzh3r
Article: Athletes & StemEnhance® - Personal Stories http://twurl.nl/hwbr0q
Audio: Dr Donna Antarr & Athletes Testimonies - Click here to listen

Not Phyl Franklin. It wasn't long before Phyl, his wife, Roberta, and their kids left the trailer. "Now we have a nice three-bedroom house, and we'll be upgrading again soon," he says. "Sometimes my wife cannot believe the hours I spend working on STEMTech. But she certainly appreciates the results. I love what I do."

Phyl's enjoyment of STEMTech goes beyond its substantial financial rewards. "I like helping people," he says. "I love hearing the testimonials of our customers. You know, everyone's heard of stem cells and the controversy surrounding them. That gets them curious. Once people realize we're only talking about adult stem cells here and a way to support our own natural renewal process-our adult stem cells-they become fascinated and want to give the product a try. Then they love how they begin to feel. Just as those popular antioxidant products once did, STEMTech provides something with a technological edge that resonates in the marketplace."


"...they become fascinated and want to
give the product a try. Then they love how they begin to feel."



Phyl's escape from the trailer stands as a testament to his relentless efforts to improve his family's life. "It was worth all of the trials I went through to find a company that provides the winning business combination of a great product, incredible business tools, systems and perfect timing in the nutritional marketplace," he says. "I also get a great feeling from helping people with their health and, yes, their wealth, too. You know, this business has done more than simply upgrade our residence; it's transformed our lives!"

And I can give you the same opportunity that was offered to me! Visit my link at the bottom of the page and meet me.

02.13.09, 6:14 PM ET
PHOENIX, Feb. 13 /PRNewswire/ --

Legends of Basketball, the National Basketball Retired Players Association's nickname, has chosen to feature the launch of a natural stem cell release product regime in their sports-celebrity gift bags at the Phoenix NBA All Star Weekend. All retired NBA players who are association members and their VIP corporate guests will be treated to this new category of product.

The StemSPORTTM regime is the latest Stem Cell Nutrition offering coming out of California's STEMTech HealthSciences, the Stem Cell Nutrition company. STEMTechTM and its Chief Science Officer Christian Drapeau have been increasingly in the news over the last two years for their breakthrough work in the field of Adult Stem Cells.

The STEMTechTM mantra, supported by double blind scientific studies, is that Adult Stem Cells made by a person's own bone marrow are nothing less than the body's natural renewal system. The STEMTechTM product line increases the release and circulation of Adult Stem Cells by some 25% with some extraordinary results. StemSPORTTM is their first entry into the Sport's Nutrition market.

Sports guru and STEMTechTM V.P. Heather Livingston said the NBA All Star Weekend venue for launching the sports Stem Cell Nutrition product is symbolic. "With StemSPORTTM we're empowering distributors to proactively impact the performance of all athletes, amateur and professional, by assisting in reducing muscle recovery time. What more visible start than with the Legends of Basketball?"

Scientist and author Christian Drapeau explains how the Stem Cell enhancers function to maximize human performance: "Supporting the release of stem cells from the bone marrow and increasing the number of circulating stem cells improves various aspects of human health. For very active and sports focused people, Stem Cells are the raw materials to repair micro-tears and micro-injuries created during training."

The results, according to Drapeau, are that active people, whether former NBA stars or amateur weekenders, can exercise more intensely at each training session with the ultimate consequence of greater performance.

Media Contact: Maggie Jessup 360.521.0437 maggie@platformstrategy.com
About STEMTech HealthSciences: San Clemente based STEMTech HealthSciences Inc. was founded in as a pioneering company in the Stem Cell Nutrition field. STEMTechTM distributors are located throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Taiwan and Malaysia since 2005

For more information on STEMTechTM visit http://www.stemtech247.com
and on StemSPORTTM visit http://www.phyl247.net

SOURCE STEMTech HealthSciences

By: PR Newswire | 12 Mar 2009 | 02:06 PM ET

SAN CLEMENTE, Calif., March 12, 2009 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ - Adult Stem Cell scientists and businesses are concerned that President Obama's executive order repealing restrictions on Embryonic Stem Cell research will have the unintended consequence of diverting attention and resources away from the promising Adult Stem Cell scientific advances.

STEMTech HealthSciences is a leading company in the field of Stem Cell Nutrition and its chief executive officer is speaking out to create awareness of Adult Stem Cell science's need for continued support and resources. Adult Stem Cells are naturally created by a person's own body while Embryonic Stem Cells are extracted from embryos.

"The amazing advances over the past few years in Adult Stem Cell science, including the Nobel Prize winning advances that led to the discovery that Adult Stem Cells travel to tissues and organs needing renewal and become cells of these organs and tissues, are at risk of being eclipsed because of the media and business furor over Embryonic Stem Cells" said STEMTech CEO Ray Carter.

According to Carter, Embryonic Stem Cell research is a multi-billion dollar industry with Wall Street, the media and now the U.S. government joining in to create visibility and mass funding. Meanwhile, the scientific progress made by companies such as STEMTech which owns the rights to the only patented product proven to enhance Adult Stem Cell release in a person's own body goes relatively unnoticed.

While not a mediagenic billion dollar player however, STEMTech has grown into 8 countries since 2006 with its Stem Cell Nutrition product line which supports healthy Adult Stem Cell physiology.

Christian Drapeau, author of The Stem Cell Theory of Renewal (March 2009, Sutton Hart www.suttonhart.com) and pioneer of the Stem Cell Nutrition field, explains the StemEnhance(R) value proposition that "a natural, mild long term increase in the body's level of circulating Adult Stem Cells delivers substantial wellness benefits".

According to Christian Drapeau, who serves as STEMTech's chief science officer, Adult Stem Cells have the greater potential for human wellness and he echoes Carter's concern that President Obama's removing restrictions Embryonic Stem Cell research could divert critical resources away from Adult Stem Cell research.

Media Contact: Maggie Jessup maggie@platformstrategy.com SOURCE STEMTech HealthSciences www.prnewswire.com Copyright (C) 2009 PR Newswire. All rights reserved -0-

Adult stem cells have the ability to become any part of the body. Providing the body with an increased amount of adult stem cells assists your body in performing the functions it was naturally meant to do. Heal itself.

Stem cells can form cartilage and bone
Science 284, 143-47; 2 Apr 1999

Bone marrow stem cells can form liver, skin and digestive tract cells
New England Journal of Medicine 346, 738-746, 7 Mar 2002

Stem cells participate in the generation of new neurons within the human brain
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100, 1364-1369; 4 Feb 2003

Mobilized stem cells have also used in renewal of cardiac tissue
Journal of Clinical Investigation 107, 1395-1402; Jun 2001

Stem cell patients showed significant improvements in nerve conduction velocities, and showed maintenance or slight improvement in bone mineral density
Bone Marrow Transplant 215-222; Aug 2002, published by the NIH

Stem cells can participate in renewal of lung tissue and reduction of inflammation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 8407-8411; 8 July 2003

Bone marrow derived stem cells have been shown to contribute to renewal of gastrointestinal tissue in human patients
Archives of Dermatology 137, 1071-1072; Aug 2001

Various Published AFA Studies

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA), (means invisible flower of the water) is a fresh water nutritional plant referred to as cyanophyta. Cyanophyta are living water plants that grow in nearly all droplets of sunlit water and in every gram of soil, on the bark of trees and the surfaces of rocks. It is estimated that there are as many as 50,000 species, including various seaweeds and plankton.

Collectively, cyanophyta are responsible for 90% of the Earth's oxygen and 80% of its food supply. Perhaps the most interesting of these unicellular plants are the cyanophyta community, of which there are about 1500 species--the Upper Klamath Lake, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, or AFA for short, being one of them. AFA is a very special form of cyanophyta. All foods reflect the environment in which they are grown. The beautiful, unpolluted Upper Klamath Lake-one of the few remaining alkaline lakes on the planet holds the key to its remarkable potency.

Scientific Research Findings Regarding AFA

Current Research has discovered:

*Phenylethylamine (PEA) is known as the "molecule of love." Beside enhancing concentration and attention, PEA is a natural mood elevator and anti-depressant. *Phycocyanin, is the blue pigment in AFA, which is a natural selective COX-2 inhibitor with strong anti-inflammatory properties. *AFA contains a polysaccharide that stimulates the migration of immune cells in the body; the only natural compound known to stimulate immune cell migration. But the most extraordinary discover is the ability of AFA to stimulate stem cell release and migration, making AFA the first natural compound know to stimulate the natural innate phenomenon of healing, regeneration and repair in the human body.

Study of AFA and the Immune System

Consumption of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Has Rapid Effects on the Circulation and Function of Immune Cells in Humans

A novel approach to nutritional mobilization of the immune system Gitte S. Jensen,1 Donald 1. Ginsberg,1 Patricia Huerta,1 Monica Citton,1 and Christian Drapeau 2,3 1Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal Quebec 2Cell Tech, Klamath Falls, or 3Current Address: Desert Lake Technologies, Klamath Falls, OR

Objective: To examine the short-term effects of consumption of a moderate amount (1.5 grams) of the blue green algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA), on the immune system.

Methods: Using a crossover placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded design, 21 volunteers were studied, including 5 long-term AFA consumers.

Results: Consumption of a moderate amount (1.5 grams) of the blue-green algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae results in rapid changes in immune cell trafficking. Two hours after AFA consumption, a generalized mobilization of lymphocytes and monocytes, but not polymorph nucleated cells was observed. This included increases in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets and CD19+ B cells. In addition, the relative proportions and absolute numbers of natural killer (NK) cells were reduced after AFA consumption. No changes were observed in the relative proportions of n6ve versus memory T cells, neither in the CD4 or the CD8 fractions. A mild, but significant reduction in phagocytic activity was observed for polymorph nucleated cells. When freshly purified lymphocytes were exposed to AFA extract in vitro, direct activation was not induced, as evaluated by tyrosine phosphorylation and proliferative activity.

Discussion: The changes in immune cell trafficking displayed high degree of cell specificity. Long-term consumers responded stronger, with respect to altered immune cell trafficking. In vitro, AFA did not induce a direct activation of lymphocytes. These data support a signaling pathway from gut-to-CNS-to-lymphoid tissue. The signals from CNS may be crucial for the rapid changes in the general distribution and specific recruitment we observed. Moderate anti-inflammatory modulation may account for the modification of phagocytic activity.

Conclusion: Consumption of AFA leads to rapid changes in immune cell trafficking, but not direct activation of lymphocytes. Thus, AFA increases the immune surveillance without directly stimulating the immune system.
JANA, vol. 2, No. 3, 2000, pp. 50-58

Study of Phycocyanin

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of C-phycocyanin from blue-green algae

Romay C, Armesto J, Remirez D, Gonzalez R, Ledon N, Garcia I Pharmacology Department, National Center for Scientific Research, CNIC, Havana, Cuba. ricardo@quimica.cneuro.cu Inflamm Res 1998 Jan;47(1):36-41

Objective: Phycocyanin is a pigment found in blue-green algae which contains open chain tetrapyrroles with possible scavenging properties. We have studied its antioxidant properties.

Materials and Methods: Phycocyanin was evaluated as a putative antioxidant in vitro by using: a) luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) generated by three different radical species (O2-, OH., RO.) and by zymosan activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), b) deoxyribose assay and c) inhibition of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Feascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity was also assayed in vivo in glucose oxidase (GO)-induced inflammation in mouse paw.

Results: The results indicated that phycocyanin is able to scavenge OH. (IC50 = 0.91 mg/mL) and RO. (IC50 = 76 microg/mL) radicals, with activity equivalent to 0.125 mg/mL of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 0.038 microg/mL of trolox, specific scavengers of those radicals respectively. In the deoxyribose assay the second-order rate constant was 3.56 x 10(11) M(-1) S(-1), similar to that obtained for some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Phycocyanin also inhibits liver microsomal lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 12 mg/mL), the CL response of PMNLs (p < 0.05) as well as the edema index in GO-induced inflammation in mouse paw (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first report of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of c-phycocyanin.

Study of AFA as a Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Favorable Effects of Blue-Green Algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae on Rat Plasma Lipids

Kushak RI, Drapeau C, Van Cott EM. JANA. 2000;2(3):59-65.

ABSTRACT

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for human health. There are indications that the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae contains about 50% of PUFA and may be a good dietary source of PUFA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diets fooded with algae on blood plasma lipids.

Methods: Rats were fed with four different semisynthetic diets: i) standard, with 5% soybean oil; ii) PUFA-free with 5% coconut oil; iii) PUFA-free with 10% algae; iv) PUFA-free with 15% algae. After 32 days the levels of plasma fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol were studied.

Results: Rats fed the PUFA-free diet demonstrated an absence of linolenic acid (LNA) in plasma; however, supplementation with algae resulted in the same level of LNA as controls, an increased levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and a decreased level of arachidonic acid. Dietary supplementation with 10% and 15% algae decreased the plasma cholesterol to 54% and 25% of the control level, respectively (P<0.0005). Plasma triglyceride levels decreased significantly (P<0.005) after diet supplementation with 15% algae.

Conclusion: Algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a good source of PUFA and because of potential hypocholesterolemic properties should be a valuable nutritional resource.

JANA, vol. 2, No. 3, 2000, pp. 59-65

Study of Cholesterol and AFA

Blue-Green Algae Has Dual Cholesterol Lowering Abilities

Kushak RI, Drapeau C, Van Cott EM. JANA. 2000;2(3):59-65.

ANAHEIM, Calif., March 22 -- Researchers say they have confirmed, for the first time, that blue-green algae taken as a nutritional food can significantly lower cholesterol in animals. Furthermore, the algae works in two ways to reduce cholesterol according to the scientists, who were speaking today at a national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society.

The alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquaquae (AFA) is a novel dietary food already available on the market. AFA contains significant amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), according to Christian Drapeau of Cell Tech in Klamath Falls, Oregon. He says that the algaes PUFAs seem to be exceptionally well absorbed by animals. Over the past decade, other research has suggested that PUFAs reduce blood cholesterol and that PUFA deficiency is linked with cardiovascular disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, certain forms of cancer, attention deficit disorder, and more.

In addition to providing PUFAs, Drapeau says the cholesterol-lowering effects of AFA are "likely to be mediated by something else though this alternative mechanism remains unidentified." He adds that, in his experiments with rats, the beneficial effects seem to be independent of the PUFAs present.

Drapeau says this is one of the first studies that provides scientific data supporting the numerous Success Stories and empirical evidence that have encouraged the use of AFA as a dietary food for health benefits. He cautions, however, "we are currently doing studies to determine if the effects of AFA on cholesterol in rats will translate to humans."

Drapeau collaborated with researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, which is affiliated with Harvard Medical School.