Tessellations For the Classroom

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What are Tessellations?

The word 'tessella' is Latin for a small block used to make mosaics.
A tessellation or tiling is a pattern made up of one or more shapes, completely covering a surface with no gaps or overlaps.

Tessellations can be seen throughout art history, from ancient architecture to modern art.

Maurits Cornelis Escher (1898-1972) widely known as M. C. Escher is one of the world's most famous graphic artist whose drawings involving tessellations are enjoyed by millions of people and are a great inspiration for classroom activities.

Let's Get Started 

Tessellations use regular polygons with 3 or 4 or 5 or more sides. A regular polygon is a shape whose sides are all equal in length and all angles are equal in sides:
- Equilateral triangle
- Square
- Regular pentagon
- Regular hexagon
- Regular heptagon
- Regular octogon
- Regular nonagon
- Regular decagon ...
Regular tessellation involves a tessellation made up of congruent regular polygons. Congruent polygons are polygons of same size and shape.

Tessellating Polygons 

There are only three regular polygons which tessellate in the Euclidean plane: triangles, squares or hexagons. The Euclidean plane is the set of all ordered pairs of real numbers (has two dimensions).

Why aren't the other regular polygons suitable for tessellations? Click one of the links below for an in-depth explanation.
CoolMath
This link will take you to the rules of regular tessellations, what works and why.
What is a Tessellation?
This link is similar to the previous one but has some great tutorials and teacher lesson plans.

Do It Yourself Tessellations 

DIY tessellations
This link takes you to great examples of tessellations, using different methods of tessellation: line method, slice method, gaps method, multi method, paper cut method and much more. These examples consist of very easy and clear steps to follow.

David's Gallery from DIY Tessellations

The Cube 

This tessellated cube can be downloaded from here

The Tetrahedron 

This tessellated tetrahedron can be downloaded from here

The Octahedron 

This tessellated octahedron can be downloaded from here

The Dodecahedron 

This tessellated octahedron can be downloaded from here

M C Escher 

Maurits Cornelis Escher widely known as M C Escher, was born in Leeuwarden, Holland in 1898. He created fascinating works of art that explore and present a wide range of mathematical ideas, especially tessellations.

The drawing is a Self Portrait (lithograph, 1948)

Some of Escher's Exquisite Drawings 

How to Make a Möbius Strip 

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Great links for variations of the Möbius Strip 

The Möbius Strip at the Bellevue Community College
This is a worksheet that can be used in the classroom for making a Möbius strip.
World of Escher
If you want a poster of the Möbius Strip, this is a place you can purchase it.
Mathematical sculptor Helaman Ferguson
This is a sculpture that uses the same principle of the Möbius Strip.
Pic of the Moebius strip with racing cars
This is another great idea that uses the Möbius Strip. It can be used in the classroom and children can make their own theme for the strip.
Knitting a Möbius Strip.
Knit a scarf that's a Möbius strip. One edge, one side, and basically a loop with half a twist in it.

August Ferdinand Möbius 

Who is Möbius?

August Ferdinand Möbius was born in Schulpforta, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany on November 17, 1790 and died in Leipzig on September 26, 1868). Möbius was a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer.

Möbius is best known for his discovery of the Möbius strip, a non-orientable two-dimensional surface with only one side when embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Books on Tessellations from Amazon 

Tessellations : The History and Making of Symmetrical Designs

Amazon Price: $14.95 (as of 12/27/2009) Buy Now

Designing Tessellations : The Secrets of Interlocking Patterns

Amazon Price: (as of 12/27/2009) Buy Now

Introduction to Tessellations

Amazon Price: $28.99 (as of 12/27/2009) Buy Now

Origami Tessellations: Awe-Inspiring Geometric Designs

Amazon Price: $22.45 (as of 12/27/2009) Buy Now

Tessellation Quilts: Sensational Designs From Interlocking Patterns

Amazon Price: $16.49 (as of 12/27/2009) Buy Now

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