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Texas () is the second-largest U.S. state in both area and population, and the largest state in the contiguous United States.

The name had wide usage among native Americans, meaning "friends" or "allies"TEXAS, ORIGIN OF NAME Handbook of Texas Online. Located in the South Central United States, Texas is bordered by Mexico to the south, New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of , and a growing population of 24.6 million residents. Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while Dallas?Fort Worth and Houston are the 4th and 6th largest United States metropolitan areas.

Other major cities include San Antonio, El Paso, and Austin?the state capital. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as an independent republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The "Lone Star" can be found on the Texas State Flag and on the Texas State Seal today.http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/tx_intro.htm Introduction to Texas

Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, Texas contains diverse landscapes that resemble both the American Southeast and the Southwest.Sansom, Andrew: Water in Texas: An Introduction, University of Texas Press, 2008, pg. 25 Although Texas is popularly associated with the Southwestern deserts, less than 10% of the land area is desert.Dingus, Anne: The dictionary of Texas misinformation?, Gulf Publishing Company, 1987 Most of the population centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests, and the coastline. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend. Due to its long history as a center of the American cattle industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy.

The term "six flags over Texas" came from the several nations that had rule over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas. France held a short-lived colony in Texas. Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state. The state's annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican?American War in 1846. Texas declared its secession from the United States in early 1861, joining the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. After the war and its restoration to the Union, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation.

In the early 1900s, oil discoveries initiated an economic boom in the state. Texas has since economically diversified. Today it has more Fortune 500 companies than any other U.S. state.Fortune 500 2009: Our annual ranking of Americas largest corporations, CNNMoney.com, retrieved Aug 2009Texas passes New York on Fortune 500 list'', RickPerry.Org, retrieved Aug. 2009 With a growing base of industry, the state is a leader in many, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace, and biomedical sciences. It leads the nation in export revenue and has the second-highest gross state product.