The Clinton Twelve

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The First Desegregation

It didn't happen first in Little Rock, Arkansas - the real, and sadly ignored, integration history was made earlier in the little town of Clinton, Tennessee.

Desegregation In The South 

The Story of Green McAdoo and the 1956 Desegregation of Clinton Tennessee
The Story of Desegregation in Clinton, Tennessee
The Clinton Twelve Documentary Trailer
A trailer for the documentary The Clinton Twelve, which was written and directed by Keith McDaniel and narrated by James Earl Jones.
The DVD can be purchased through The Secret City Store.
The Poet Bookseller & The Clinton Riots
How a segregationist agitator from the North came to Clinton, Tennessee to further his own ends by sowing racial discord.
TN Encyclopedia: CLINTON DESEGREGATION CRISIS
A series of events from 1947 to 1958 placed the Civil Rights story of Clinton, the seat of Anderson County, on the national stage as one of the starting points in the modern Civil Rights movement.

Why Has Clinton's History Making Integration Been Ignored? 

I don't know, but over and over children are incorrectly taught that Desegregation started in Little Rock, Arkansas. Maybe there was more violence there and it made better press, or Clinton's proximity to the "Secret City" of Oak Ridge made the government downplay the historic event there to avoid drawing attention to the nuclear program at Oak Ridge National Laboratories.
Whatever the reason for lack of publicity for the Clinton Twelve, I believe that the credit for being the first should be returned to the twelve children who actually took those first dangerous steps into a previously all-white school.

~ The Twelve ~ 

The students who desegregated the South.

  • JoAnn Crozier Allen
  • Bobby Cain
  • Anna Theresser Caswell
  • Minnie Ann Dickie
  • Gail Ann Epps
  • Ronald Gordon Hayden
  • William R. Latham
  • Alvah J. McSwain
  • Maurice Soles
  • Robert Thacker
  • Regina Turner
  • Alfred Williams

Tennessee & The Civil Rights Movement 

Tennessee's Civil Rights Movement
HIGH SCHOOL HISTORY
Part Nine: Tennessee's Civil Rights Movement
Highlander Research and Education Center - History - 1953-1961: The Civil Rights Movement
1953-1961: The Civil Rights Movement & The Citizenship Schools

Great Stuff on Amazon 

The Nashville Lunch Counter Desegregation

The Nashville Sit-in Story: Songs and Scenes of Nashville Lunch Counter Desegregation (by the Sit-In Participants)

We Shall Overcome, The Lunch Counter Incident, I'm Going to Sit at the Welcome Table, The Story of the Sit-In Movement / "We Shall Not Be Moved", Jail Sequence / "You Better Leave Segregation Alone" / "Your Dog Loves My Dog" / "They Go Wild Over Me", Court Room Scene, "I Hope We'll Meet Again" / "Moving On" / The Trial, Reason for the Sit-in Movement Interviews, Remarks by Reverend C. Tindell Vivien, Scene on Mayor's Steps, Victory Meeting

Amazon Price: $8.91 (as of 12/29/2009) Buy Now

The Fiftieth Anniversary of Desegregation

Clinton and the Law: A Study in Desegregation 

"See It Now" with Edward R. Murrow

The Best of See It Now

Includes ""See It Now" episode
Clinton and the Law: A Study in Desegregation. 1957.

Amazon Price: $18.49 (as of 12/29/2009) Buy Now

Clinton High School was the first desegregated school in the South.

The Clinton Twelve integrated the high school in Clinton, Tennessee in the fall of 1956, a full year before The Little Rock Nine entered the previously all-white Central High of Little Rock, Arkansas.

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