This lens offers an overview of the main periods of The Roman Empire, along with suggestions for materials to read for further study and images of what you will see if you go in search of Ancient Rome's remains.
Introduction to Ancient Roman History
a village becomes a kingdom, a kingdom becomes a republic
(paraphrased from wikipedia)
Livy's version of the foundation of the Republic states that the last King of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus ("Tarquin the proud") had a son, Sextus Tarquinius, who raped a Roman noblewoman named Lucretia. Lucretia compelled her family to take action by gathering her kinsmen to tell them what had happened before killing herself. The incident led to an uprising which expelled the Tarquins, royal house, out of Rome into refuge in Etruria.
When a king left office, his powers returned to the senate until a new king was elected. However, Tarquin was so despised that the senate refused to elect a new king in his stead. Instead, it retained his powers, appointing magistrates to exercise them. Lucretia's widowed husband Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus and her brother Lucius Junius Brutus were elected as the first two consuls of the new Republic.
Around 60 BC, the First Triumvirate was formed, comprised of Pompey (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus), (Marcus Licinius)Crassus and Julius Caesar.
The Colosseum
When most people think of Rome, the first thing that comes to mind is the Colosseum. Here it is, in all its glory, as shared by members of flickr.
The Roman Republic
"HAIL, CAESAR!
Friends, Romans, Countrymen! Lend Me Your Ears!"
Hail Caesar!
Foundations of Empire
After assuming control, he began extensive reforms of government and society. He was proclaimed dictator for life (dictator perpetuus), and heavily centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic. A group of senators led by Caesar's former friend Marcus Junius Brutus assassinated the dictator on the Ides of March (March 15) in 44 BC, hoping to restore normalcy to the Republic. Unfortunately, the result was another Roman civil war, which ultimately led to the establishment of a permanent autocracy by Caesar's adopted heir, Gaius Octavianus (later "Augustus"). In 42 BC, two years after his assassination, the Senate officially sanctified Caesar as one of the Roman deities.
Adopted as a youth by Julius Caesar, Gaius Octavianus ("Octavian", "Augustus")ruled from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He came into his inheritance after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. In 43 BC, Octavian joined forces with Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in a military dictatorship known as the Second Triumvirate.
Augustus' reign initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana, literally "Roman peace". Discounting continuous frontier wars, and one year-long civil war over imperial succession, the Mediterranean world remained at peace for over two centuries.
Augustus expanded the empire's boundaries, secured borders with client states, and made peace with Parthia through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman tax system, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army (and small navy), established the Praetorian Guard, and created official police and fire-fighting forces. Much of the city was rebuilt under Augustus, who wrote a record of his own accomplishments, the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, which still survives. Upon his death in AD 14, Augustus was declared a god by the Senate. The names Augustus and Caesar were adopted by every subsequent emperor, and the month of Sextilis was officially renamed August in his honour. He was succeeded by his stepson Tiberius.
The Julio-Claudian Dynasty continued until the death of Nero in 68 A.D.

The Roman Empire, circa 117 AD
The Roman World... A Vast Empire
The Romans left their mark on the world in many ways, from architectural styles and engineering innovations to language and government models.
Roman Ruins in Africa
In the first century AD, Rome had a huge presence in Northern Africa, and well-preserved ruins are found in Morocco, Libya and Tunisia.
Biographies of The Caesars
Roman Sites From Turkey to the Scottish Border
A selection of images of the Roman Empire from various points within its borders.
Visions of Empire
Other Emperors
Roman Resources on the Web
- Roman History Timeline
- Time line of Roman history, clickable by era.
- Roman Kingdom wiki
- A brief wikipedia article about the period of pre-Republic Roman history, including map
- Roman Republic wiki
- wikipedia article on Republican Rome... I found it informative but a bit "weighty" to read
- List of Roman Emperors
- A complete list of Roman emperors in table form with information on their life and reign.
Roman Coins
Coins from the Roman Empire are actually not that uncommon, and you can find them up for bid on various sites such as these from eBay.
Fetching new data from eBay now... please stand bySign the Stone Tablet
visitor guesbook!
lou16 wrote...
Great lens, I am linking this to my lens on Roman Gladiators. 5 *
Thamisgith wrote...
Love this lens! You covered a huge subject area very concisely and with some interesting links to external resources. It will take me some time to investigate them all. Thanks for this and 5* to you!























































