Tissues Organization and Help!
If you're in the health field or going to be, I'm sure the tissues chapter in that Anatomy book is aggravating. It was to me. So I've created this lens to hopefully help you study better and learn the different types of tissues, what they look like, and how they work.
Please don't use this just as a study guide for your schooling, I'm not a histologist but use this as a helpful tool.
I couldn't stand this chapter in Anatomy, but after having to learn it for several classes I should! The tissue types can be confusing and then most professor add slides you have to know! Featured in this lens is some helpful hints on how to remember what's what. Everyone learns different, so if I missed your learning style, tell me and I'll try my best to help.
I hope this is a good study tool for anyone who has trouble with the Tissues chapter.
Please don't use this just as a study guide for your schooling, I'm not a histologist but use this as a helpful tool.
I couldn't stand this chapter in Anatomy, but after having to learn it for several classes I should! The tissue types can be confusing and then most professor add slides you have to know! Featured in this lens is some helpful hints on how to remember what's what. Everyone learns different, so if I missed your learning style, tell me and I'll try my best to help.
I hope this is a good study tool for anyone who has trouble with the Tissues chapter.
New Table of Contents
- Epithelial Tissues
- Functions and Locations
- Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- Simple Columnar Epithelium
- Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
- Stratified Columnar Epithelium
- Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium
- Transitional Epithelium
- Mnemonics
- Connective Tissues
- Functions and Locations
- Areolar CT
- Adipose CT
- Reticular CT
- Dense Regular CT
- Dense Irregular CT
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Osseous- Bone
- Blood
- Note Cards
- Nervous Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Muscle Tissues
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
- Colors
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Epithelial Tissues
First up we have the Epithelials. There are two ways to classify these, according to layers and shapes. Naming of the tissues starts with the layer type and then shape type. Let's get the different types first before we start naming.
We'll start with layers:
1. Simple- it's simple there's just one layer to keep track of
2. Stratified- two or more layers that are stratified on top of each other
Next is the shapes:
1. Squamous (scalelike)- these are flattened
2. Cuboidal (cubelike)- these are shaped like a cube
3. Columnar (column-shaped)- these are elongated columns
The lesser known types:
1. Pseudostratified Epithelium- it looks stratified but it's not, really the cells are simple columnar. These usually have cilia and the nuclei are just all over the place within the cells.
2. Transitional Epithelium- this is stratified but with rounded Squamous cells. You find this in areas like the bladder, this types allows for stretching like when the bladder is full so you have to transition on into the bathroom.
Pictures below. Please note these will probably not look like your slides, so look at your classroom slides as well!
We'll start with layers:
1. Simple- it's simple there's just one layer to keep track of
2. Stratified- two or more layers that are stratified on top of each other
Next is the shapes:
1. Squamous (scalelike)- these are flattened
2. Cuboidal (cubelike)- these are shaped like a cube
3. Columnar (column-shaped)- these are elongated columns
The lesser known types:
1. Pseudostratified Epithelium- it looks stratified but it's not, really the cells are simple columnar. These usually have cilia and the nuclei are just all over the place within the cells.
2. Transitional Epithelium- this is stratified but with rounded Squamous cells. You find this in areas like the bladder, this types allows for stretching like when the bladder is full so you have to transition on into the bathroom.
Pictures below. Please note these will probably not look like your slides, so look at your classroom slides as well!
Functions and Locations
Simple Squamous- Allows for diffusion and filtrations, secretes lubricating substances in serosae. You can find these in kidney glomeruli, air scas of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessles, lining of ventral body cavity (serosae). This looks like Adipose or can look like a bunch of circles. Nuclei is centered.
Simple Cuboidal- Secretes and Absorbs. You can find these in Kidney Tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface. These square shaped cells usually form a circle with a lumen(hole) in the center.
Simple Columnar- Absortions, secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; cilitated type propels mucus. These are found in the Digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated type lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some parts of the uterus. The nuclei are lined up evenly.
Stratified Squamous- Protections of underlying tissues where abrasion can occur. Two types: Nonkeratinized forms moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina; Keratinized forms epidermis of skin- dry membrane, so "K"eep your epidermis "K"overed. These are a little more squashed and layered.
Stratified Cuboidal- Protects. Found is largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands. Like simple cuboidals, these have a lumen in the center, but have extra cuboidal cells stacked.
Stratified Columnar- Protects and secretes. These are pretty rare but can be found in small amounts in the male urethra and in large ducts of some glands. These are like simple but with more column layers.
Psuedostratified Columnar- Secretion, mainly of mucus; ciliary action moves the mucus. Nonciliated type are found in Male sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated type lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract. Generally these have Cilia (obviously not the nonciliated) and the nuclei are just all over the place, very unorganized for being the "brain" of the cell.
Transitional- Allows for stretching and distension. Lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra. This looks like stratified squamous and stratified cudoidal. Also has a dome top layer.
Simple Cuboidal- Secretes and Absorbs. You can find these in Kidney Tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface. These square shaped cells usually form a circle with a lumen(hole) in the center.
Simple Columnar- Absortions, secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; cilitated type propels mucus. These are found in the Digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated type lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some parts of the uterus. The nuclei are lined up evenly.
Stratified Squamous- Protections of underlying tissues where abrasion can occur. Two types: Nonkeratinized forms moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina; Keratinized forms epidermis of skin- dry membrane, so "K"eep your epidermis "K"overed. These are a little more squashed and layered.
Stratified Cuboidal- Protects. Found is largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands. Like simple cuboidals, these have a lumen in the center, but have extra cuboidal cells stacked.
Stratified Columnar- Protects and secretes. These are pretty rare but can be found in small amounts in the male urethra and in large ducts of some glands. These are like simple but with more column layers.
Psuedostratified Columnar- Secretion, mainly of mucus; ciliary action moves the mucus. Nonciliated type are found in Male sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated type lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract. Generally these have Cilia (obviously not the nonciliated) and the nuclei are just all over the place, very unorganized for being the "brain" of the cell.
Transitional- Allows for stretching and distension. Lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra. This looks like stratified squamous and stratified cudoidal. Also has a dome top layer.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
Mnemonics
These are sayings, poems, or words to help you remember information, usually a list or medical terminology!
Connective Tissues
or "CT" for short. Here are the 4 different types.
1. Loose CT- has Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular types.
2. Dense CT- Dense Regular, Dense Irregular.
3. Cartilage- Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage.
4. Other- Bone, Blood,.
1. Loose CT- has Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular types.
2. Dense CT- Dense Regular, Dense Irregular.
3. Cartilage- Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage.
4. Other- Bone, Blood,.
Functions and Locations
Areolar- Loose CT- Protects organs, its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. This is found under epithelia, forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; surrounds capillaries. This has Elastic and Collagen fibers. The elastic fibers are black and stringy while the collage fibers are a pink and thicker, kind of in the background. Throughout you can also see Fibroblast nuclei. To discern this from Reticular CT, there's pink in it.
Adipose- Loose CT- or fat. This is a reserve fuel, insulates, and supports and protects organs. It's found under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within the abdomen and in breasts. This kind of looks like simple squamous however much less nuclei and the fat droplets are very white and like a little bubble.
Reticular- Loose CT- These form a soft internal skeleton for support to other cell types like White Blood cells, mast cells and macrophages. Found in Lymphoid orangs like lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen. This is Purple unilke the Aerolar. White blood cells are present (they're a blue/dark purple) and there's black Reticular fibers.
Dense Regular- Dense CT- This attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; bones to bones; and can handle tensile stress (pulling force in one direction). Found in tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses. This is a darker pink and very wavy and dense with collagen fibers but regular pattern. Hence the name, Dense Regular.
Dense Irregular- Dense CT- Withstands tension extered in many directions, structural strength. Found in the dermis of skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and joints. This is a dark pink as well but the collagen fibers are really irregular and all over the place.
Hyaline- Cartilage- This cartilage is for support and reinforcements, cushioning, resistance to compressive stress. This is what forms most of the embryonic skeleton (turns into bones after birth), covers ends of long bones, costal cartilages, nose, trachea, and larynx. This is purple with Chondrocytes in Lacunae. Almost like a polka dot pattern.
Elastic- Cartilage- maintains shapes and is flexible. Supports the external ear and found in epiglottis. It reminds me of tree bark with spots. There are elastic fibers mixed in with the collagen fibers and then Chondrocytes as well.
Fibrocartilage- Cartilage- Allows for tensile strength and absorbs compressive shock. Found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and discs of knee joints. Has collagen fibers but has a pretty blue color throughout mixed with some purple. Reminds me of water.
Osseous- Bone- Other- Supports, protections, levers for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals and fat, marrow inside is site for hemotopoiesis (blood cell formation). Found in bones. Think of this as little trees that have grown together and all been cut horizontally. You can see rings like with a tree, a thick center, and then spaces between each seperate "tree".
Blood- Other- Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and other substances. Found in blood vessels. The background plasma is clear. Red blood cells are red with a transparent center (biconcave) and white blood cells are present and are purple and blue.
Adipose- Loose CT- or fat. This is a reserve fuel, insulates, and supports and protects organs. It's found under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within the abdomen and in breasts. This kind of looks like simple squamous however much less nuclei and the fat droplets are very white and like a little bubble.
Reticular- Loose CT- These form a soft internal skeleton for support to other cell types like White Blood cells, mast cells and macrophages. Found in Lymphoid orangs like lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen. This is Purple unilke the Aerolar. White blood cells are present (they're a blue/dark purple) and there's black Reticular fibers.
Dense Regular- Dense CT- This attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; bones to bones; and can handle tensile stress (pulling force in one direction). Found in tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses. This is a darker pink and very wavy and dense with collagen fibers but regular pattern. Hence the name, Dense Regular.
Dense Irregular- Dense CT- Withstands tension extered in many directions, structural strength. Found in the dermis of skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and joints. This is a dark pink as well but the collagen fibers are really irregular and all over the place.
Hyaline- Cartilage- This cartilage is for support and reinforcements, cushioning, resistance to compressive stress. This is what forms most of the embryonic skeleton (turns into bones after birth), covers ends of long bones, costal cartilages, nose, trachea, and larynx. This is purple with Chondrocytes in Lacunae. Almost like a polka dot pattern.
Elastic- Cartilage- maintains shapes and is flexible. Supports the external ear and found in epiglottis. It reminds me of tree bark with spots. There are elastic fibers mixed in with the collagen fibers and then Chondrocytes as well.
Fibrocartilage- Cartilage- Allows for tensile strength and absorbs compressive shock. Found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and discs of knee joints. Has collagen fibers but has a pretty blue color throughout mixed with some purple. Reminds me of water.
Osseous- Bone- Other- Supports, protections, levers for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals and fat, marrow inside is site for hemotopoiesis (blood cell formation). Found in bones. Think of this as little trees that have grown together and all been cut horizontally. You can see rings like with a tree, a thick center, and then spaces between each seperate "tree".
Blood- Other- Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and other substances. Found in blood vessels. The background plasma is clear. Red blood cells are red with a transparent center (biconcave) and white blood cells are present and are purple and blue.
Areolar CT
Adipose CT
Reticular CT
Dense Regular CT
Dense Irregular CT
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Osseous- Bone
Blood
Note Cards
Buy pre-made ones or make your own! Don't just look at them, quiz yourself or fellow classmates. People learn best by quizzing and teaching others.
Nervous Tissue
Lucky you! Only one slide here. Nervous tissues transmits electricle signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (things the signals effect) to control activity. It's found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. You can see bit spots which is the cell body and there are processes all over the place. In the background there are supporting cells. This one is pretty easy to discern from the other slides.
Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissues
There are only three and once you know the differences these are pretty easy to get.
1. Skeletal Muscle- allows for voluntary movement, locomotion, facial expression. Found in skeletal muscles that are attached to the bone and sometimes to the skin. The cells are striated (little lines vertically), have lots of nuclei per cell and are long.
2. Cardiac Muscle- Found in the heart and allows for pumping action. This is similar to skeletal only there are Intercalated discs, obvious thick blocks between cells. There are also obvious nuclei, and the cells branch all over the place, so it's not as "organized" as skeletal.
3. Smooth Muscle- propels substances along internal passageways. Found mainly in the walls of hollow orangs. There are no striations or intercalated discs. This just looks like cells running and the picture turned out blurry.
1. Skeletal Muscle- allows for voluntary movement, locomotion, facial expression. Found in skeletal muscles that are attached to the bone and sometimes to the skin. The cells are striated (little lines vertically), have lots of nuclei per cell and are long.
2. Cardiac Muscle- Found in the heart and allows for pumping action. This is similar to skeletal only there are Intercalated discs, obvious thick blocks between cells. There are also obvious nuclei, and the cells branch all over the place, so it's not as "organized" as skeletal.
3. Smooth Muscle- propels substances along internal passageways. Found mainly in the walls of hollow orangs. There are no striations or intercalated discs. This just looks like cells running and the picture turned out blurry.
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Colors
Go over your class slides, and organize by colors. Some tissues stain purple, pink, white, red, blue or just off the wall colors. If you know what stains what color that can help eliminate other tissues.
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Medical Mnemonics .com: World's Database of Medical Mnemonics
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- LucyVet LucyVet Jul 30, 2008 @ 10:50 am
- Great lens! I'm done with learning anatomy now, but I'm sure this will be really helpful to those studying it now.
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- The_Homeopath The_Homeopath Jul 29, 2008 @ 6:16 pm
- I'm kind of bummed now. I misread a Google ad at the top as "Anatomy Collages" instead of "Colleges". I got all excited for a second there. I got some cool anatomical collage cards on Etsy last month. My friends are all getting brain birthday cards now!
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- The_Homeopath The_Homeopath Jul 25, 2008 @ 10:58 am
- I needed this a few years ago in Anatomy class. You explain it so much better than my text books did. I'm going to look up my old professor's e-mail addy and send him this - he keeps an online list of helpful websites for students.
A&P Stuff on Amazon
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