Toussaint L'Ouverture
He forced the British and Spanish to withdraw from Haiti and by 1801 he gained control of Santo Domingo (Haiti) and ruled the island until French troops were sent by Napoleon to reconquer Haiti and reintroduce slavery.
Toussaint L'Ouverture was captured and imprisoned for the rest of his life in a prison in France, but his followers continued the revolt. The slaves remained free and Haiti became an independent country.
A Black Spartacus: Unthinkable Victories Shake the World!
The Black Napoleon: Toussaint L'Ouverture Liberator of Haiti
The Black Napoleon: Toussaint L'Ouverture Liberator of Haiti
Amazon Price: $24.91 (as of 12/28/2009)
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Toussaint L'Ouverture (article)
Especially between the years 1800 and 1802, Toussaint Louverture tried to rebuild the collapsed economy of Haiti and reestablish commercial contacts with the United States and Great Britain. His rule permitted the colony a taste of freedom which, after his death in exile, was gradually destroyed during the successive reigns of a series of despots. Translated from French, his name means "the awakening of all saints" or "all souls rising". His last words were to his son in France, ""My boy, you will one day go back to St. Domingo; forget that France murdered your father."
Source: Wapedia
The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution
The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution
Amazon Price: $10.85 (as of 12/27/2009)
In 1789 the French colony of Saint Domingue was the most profitable real estate in the world. These profits came at a price: while its sugar plantations supplied two-thirds of France's overseas trade, they also stimulated the greatest individual market for the slave trade. The slaves were brutally treated and died in great numbers, prompting a never-ending influx of new slaves.
The French Revolution sent waves all the way across the Atlantic, dividing the colony's white population in 1791. The elites remained royalist, while the bourgeoisie embraced the revolutionary ideals. The slaves seized the moment and in the confusion rebelled en masse against their owners. The Haitian Slave Revolt had begun. When it ended in 1803, Saint Domingue had become Haiti, the first independent nation in the Caribbean.
C.L.R. James tells the story of the revolt and the events leading up to it in his masterpiece, The Black Jacobins. James's personal beliefs infuse his narrative: in his preface to a 1962 edition of the book, he asserts that , when written in 1938, it was "intended to stimulate the coming emancipation of Africa." James writes passionately about the horrific lives of the slaves and of the man who rose up and led them--a semiliterate slave named François-Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture. As James notes, however, "Toussaint did not make the revolution. It was the revolution that made Toussaint."
With its appendix, "From Toussaint L'Ouverture to Fidel Castro," The Black Jacobins provides an excellent window into the Haitian Revolution and the worldwide repercussions it caused.
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