The Triangle Trade
The Triangle Trade
The Triangular Trade of slaves, sugar, and rum in the 18th c.
Triangular trade, or Triangle trade, is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. Triangular trade thus provides a mechanism for rectifying trade imbalances between these regions.
The best-known triangular trading system is the Transatlantic Triangular Trade, that operated during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England, sometimes taking over the role of Europe.About.com: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Accessed 6 November 2007.
The Atlantic Trade of the 19th c., including products additional to the Triangular Trade of rum, slaves, and sugar. (Note how the circuit of trade has expanded and shifted.)
Slave Ships
Category: File - :La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg|thumb|La Rochelle slave ship Le Saphir ex-voto'', 1741.
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially converted for the purpose of transporting slaves, especially newly purchased African slaves.
The most important routes of the slave ships led from the northern and middle coasts of Africa to South America and the south coast of what is today the Caribbean and the United States of America. The captains and sailors of the boats were allowed to do whatever they wanted with the slaves. This included rape, murder, and torture because the slaves were considered their property. As many as 20 million Africans were transported by ship. The transportation of slaves from Africa to America was known as the Middle Passage. The African slave trade was outlawed in 1807, by a law passed jointly in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, the applicable UK Act was the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act and outlawed slavery throughout the British Empire. The US law took effect on January 1, 1808. After that date all US and English slave ships leaving Africa were legally pirate vessels subject to capture by the American and British navies. In 1815, at the Council of Vienna, Spain, Portugal, France and The Netherlands also agreed to abolish their slave trade. During this time, the slave ships became smaller and more cramped in exchange for improved performance in their new role as smuggling craft and blockade runners.
The Middle Passage
The Middle Passage refers to the forcible passage of African people from Africa to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with commercial goods, which were in turn traded for kidnapped Africans who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the enslaved Africans were then sold or traded as commodities for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete the "triangular trade".
The term "Middle Passage" thus refers to that branch of the transatlantic trade in which millions of Africans were imprisoned, enslaved, and removed from their homelands. [...] An estimated 15% of the Africans died at sea, with mortality rates considerably higher in Africa itself in the process of capturing and transporting indigenous peoples to the ships The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million...
Other People's Triangle Trades
Other European countries were also heavily involved in the trade....
The French Atlantic Triangle: Literature and Culture of the Slave Trade
Amazon Price: $23.89 (as of 01/04/2010)
-
The Danish West Indies
-
The Danish owned the islands of St.Croix*, St.John, and St. Thomas, from the 1700s till 1917, when they were bought by the USA to deter the establishment of a German military presence in the Caribbean. For the first half of this time, the islands we...
-
The Danish Gold Cost (Danish Guinea)
Web Sites About the Triangle Trade
- Africa Slavery
- Learn about the African slave trade.
- Lesson Plans
- Economy vs. Humanity
Exploring the Triangle Trade and The Middle Passage
Adrienne J. Kupper 7-8 Three 45-minute classes
The Triangle Trade, though morally reprehensible, was integral to the growth of the economies of the United States and Great Britain... - The Triangle Trade and New Haven
- The Triangle Trade and the economics of the port of New Haven
Here's my favorite link:
Educational Videos on The Triangle Trade
Texts on the Triangle Trade
Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora by Stephanie E. Smallwood
This bold, innovative book promises to radically more...0 points
How Did American Slavery Begin? (Historians at Work) by Edward Countryman
How did slavery in America begin? Gangs of black s more...0 points
Atlas of Slavery by James Walvin
"James Walvin maps the history of slavery fro more...0 points
Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades (African Studies) by Patrick Manning
This interpretation of the impact of slavery on Af more...0 points
Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America by Kenneth Morgan
Slavery and the British Empire provides a clear ov more...0 points
American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime by Ulrich Bonnell Phillips
The Portuguese began exploring the west coast of A more...0 points
Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America by Ira Berlin
Many Thousands Gone traces the evolution of black more...0 points
The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern 1492-1800 by Robin Blackburn
In this companion volume to the acclaimed classic more...0 points
Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System
The inclusion of the New World in the internationa more...0 points
Slavery Obscured: The Social History of the Slave Trade in an English Provincial Port (Black Atlantic) by Madge Dresser
This work enquires into the social and mental worl more...0 points
Related Lenses
-
Slavery Today and Yesterday
-
A resource lens on Slavery, today and yesterday, globally and in the United States.
-
-
Saqaliba
-
Saqaliba was an Arabic word for Slavs, particularly Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus.
-
Slavery in the Indian Ocean
-
Many slaves captured in East Africa were transported from Zanzibar across the Indian Ocean, in dhows like the one illustrated here. As many as 25 million Africans may have been enslaved by Arab traders for the Eastern markets, more than twice as many...
-
Inheriting The Trade
-
Thomas DeWolf (photographed here) discovered he was descended from a family of rich slave owners. He participated in a film which traced the triangle from Ghana, where slaves were bought to the Cuban sugar fields to Rhode Island, where rum made from...
Copyright/Copyleft
-
Copyright and Copyleft
-
This lens contains Copyright statements and pointers to the Copyright and Copyleft statements of Squidoo, Wikipedia, and similar services. .
by madoc
(tony_scott)
You may have noticed it can be quite confusing to be Tony Scott. Take the film maker and I. We were both born in 1944,... (more)
Explore related pages
The Dangers of Aspartame and Zero Calorie Sweeteners- Aspartame is a toxic substance found in zero calorie sweeteners like (Splenda, N...
Homemade Suet- Your outside birds will love you for this delicious recipe of homemade suet. It'...
Cafe Tortoni in Buenos Aires- Churros! Coffee! Delicious food! Despite countless food and beverage reasons to...
Slavery and the Slave Trade- The brutal institution of slavery -- the ownership of one person by another -- h...
The Abolition of Modern Day Slavery- Most people today are unaware of the crisis we face. Some think the slave trade...
Slavery in the Indian Ocean- Many slaves captured in East Africa were transported from Zanzibar across the In...
>