Amino Acids

Alanine is required for the metabolism of glucose and tryptophan and beta-alanine is a constituent of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) as well as coenzyme A. It has also demonstrated a cholesterol-reducing effect in rats.

People suffering from Epstein Barr (also sometimes referred to as glandular fever) as well as chronic fatigue syndrome, have been linked to excessively high levels of alanine while having low levels of tyrosine and phenylalanine.

It has been found that alanine is present in prostate fluid, and it may play a role in the role of the prostate. In one study of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, it was found that 780 mg of alanine per day for two weeks and then 390 mg for the next two and a half months, taken together in combination with equal amounts of glycine and glutamic acid reduced the symptoms.

Arginine is found in Peanuts, Almond nuts, Seeds, sunflower seed kernels, Walnuts, Hazelnuts, Lentils, Brazilnuts, Cashew nuts, Pistachio nuts, Flax seed,Beans, kidney beans.

Arginine is an amino acid found in many foods, including dairy products, meat, poultry, and fish. It plays a role in several important mechanisms in the body, including cell division, wound healing, removal of ammonia from the body, immunity to illness, and the secretion of important hormones.

The body also uses arginine to make nitric oxide (NO), a substance that relaxes blood vessels and also exerts numerous other effects in the body. Based on this, arginine has been proposed as a treatment for various cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure and intermittent claudication, as well as impotence, female sexual dysfunction, interstitial cystitis, and many other conditions. Arginine's potential effects on immunity have also created an interest in using it as part of an "immune cocktail" given to severely ill hospitalized patients and also for preventing colds.

Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the diet.

There is no suggested need for asparagine supplementation presently available in the literature. Asparagine is interrelated with the amino acid aspartic acid. Low levels of asparagine may indicate poor metabolism or synthesis of aspartic acid, which can result in the inability to properly synthesize and excrete urea, which is the major waste product of excess dietary protein. The inability to excrete urea can result in buildup of nitrogen-containing toxic metabolites that can lead to confusion, headaches, depression, irritability, or, in extreme cases, psychosis.

Deficiencies of a nonessential amino acid will not occur if a well-balanced diet is consumed because the intake of proper foods will allow the body to produce exactly the amount of amino acid required to function optimally.

Asparagine is a common site for attachment of carbohydrates in glycoproteins.

Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid and is found in abundance in plant proteins, especially in sprouting seeds but can be manufactured in the body from oxaloacetic acid and was first isolated in 1868 from legumin in plant seed. Aspartic acid, as well as glutamic acid, is the only amino acid that has a negatively charged carboxylate group on the side chain.
Aspartic acid helps every cell in the body work. It plays a role in:

Hormone production and release
Normal nervous system function

Plant sources of aspartic acid include:

Legumes such as soybeans, garbanzo beans, and lentils
Peanuts, almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds

Animal sources include:

Beef
Eggs
Salmon
Shrimp

Cysteine can be transformed into glucose and used by the body as a source of energy. Cysteine strengthens the protective lining of the stomach and intestines, which may help prevent damage caused by aspirin and similar drugs. Additionally, cysteine may play an important role in the communication between immune system cells. Cysteine is rarely used as a dietary supplement. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), which contains cysteine, is more commonly used as a supplement.

Glutamic acid is an amino acid found in abundance in both plant and animal protein. In humans it is a non-essential amino acid, i.e., the body is capable of producing its own glutamic acid, and is not dependent upon getting glutamic acid from ingested food.

Glutamate is glutamic acid to which a mineral ion has been attached. (Researchers call this mineral ion a "salt".) If the mineral ion is sodium, the glutamic acid becomes sodium glutamate. If the mineral ion is potassium, the glutamic acid becomes potassium glutamate.
MonosodiumGlutamate a flavour enhancer is essentially synthetic glutamic acid - and for a variety of reasons it is harmful and to be avoided.

Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is found in every muscle in the body. it is one of the most important building blocks in forming the proteins that maintain cellular health and tissue repair. Glutamine is found in most meat and fish and in small amounts, in vegetables and beans.

Glutamine is a semi essential amino acid that the body is able to produce in small amounts; however the majority of it must come from the diet. It is required for hypertrophy and also plays an important role in repairing damaged tissue.

Is found abundantly in hemoglobin; has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, ulcers and anemia; is essential for the growth and repair of tissues; important for the maintenance of the myelin sheaths, which protect nerve cells; is needed for the production of both red and white blood cells; protects the body from radiation damage; lowers blood pressure, aids in the removal of heavy metals from the body; aids in sexual arousal.

Found in meats - pork, beef, chicken, turkey, salmon etc

Isoleucine is an amino acid that is best known for its ability to increase endurance and help heal and repair muscle tissue and encourage clotting at the site of injury. This amino acid is especially important to serious athletes and body builders because its primary function in the body is to boost energy and help the body recover from strenuous physical activity.

People with impaired liver or kidney function should not take isoleucine without first consulting a physician, as large doses of amino acids may aggravate these conditions.

Scientists believe they have found a way to enable the elderly to maintain muscle.

Muscle is constantly being built and broken down, which works to maintain a balance in young adults.

But as people age, the breakdown process is more successful than the muscle-building action.

However French researchers, writing in the Journal of Physiology, say adding the amino acid leucine to old people's diets could help them keep muscle.

Leucine is found in meat, soy beans and legumes, among other foods.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4502862.stm