The Upanishads

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The philosophical basis of Hinduism and Advaita

After the Vedas the Upanishads are the most revered texts in Hinduism.
What are the Upanishads?
The Upanishads are texts which contain the basis of the later philosophy of the Hindus. Vedanta especially is based on the Upanishads.
This lens illustrates the basic thought in the Upanishads with quotes from the principle Upanishads.

The Vedas - the books it all started with 

Tradition about the Upanishads 

The Upanishads were said to be the reflection of teachings given by the teacher (or guru) to the student. The word Upanishad can be said to mean 'sitting near'.

Key concepts talked about in the Upanishads include: the soul, reincarnation, karma, Brahman and liberation.

The insights in the Upanishads were later put into systematic form by the Vedandanta (which means "end of the veda's"). In other words: the most famous of Indian philosophies - Advaita Vedanta - goes back to these teachings.

The Upanishads (Penguin Classics) 

The Upanishads (Penguin Classics)

Amazon Price: $8.80 (as of 07/11/2009)Buy Now

I can't rave about Penguin Classics enough.

In this case they did the job again. They gathered the most important Upanishads together, had them translated by a real professional and made the result affordable as well.

What more can you ask for?

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Aum in the Upanishads 

Many of the key ideas and religious concepts were first formulated in the Upanishads. For instance:

Chandogya Upanishad 1:1:1 quote

Aum. One should meditate on this syllable, the udgitha, for one sings the loud chant beginning with Aum.

Aum or Om - the sacred Hindu Mantra 

Self Realisation and Health 

The basic Hindu concept or deliverance (moksha) is also introduced in the Upanishads:

Isha Upanishad Verse 2 quote

Every person should live a complete life span of hundred years. And he should constantly strive to fulfill the purpose of life i.e. Self-Realization.


Also:

Katha Upanishad 1:2:1

There is a path of joy and there is the path of pleasure. Pondering on them, the wise (one) chooses the of joy; the fool takes the path of pleasure.

Katha Upanishad 1:2:2

Both the good and the pleasant approach a man. The wise man, pondering over them, discriminates. The wise chooses the good in preference to the pleasant. The simple-minded, for the sake of worldly well-being, prefers the pleasant.



Mundaka Upanishad 2:2:8

One who meditates, all his knots of his heart, the bondages are opened; all the doubts are eliminated and one becomes gradually free from the fetters of action with ego.

More Upanishad quotes 

Key Passages from the Vedas and Upanishads
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Maitri Upanishads
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Online library of Famous Quotes and Quotations by Maitri Upanishads
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The Self (Atman) is the All (Brahman) 

The famous central insight in Hinduism is that Atman (the highest Self) is identical to the essence of the universe (Brahman), as is illustrated by these quotes.

Mundaka Upanishad 2

All this is, verily, Brahman. This self is Brahman. This same self has four quarters.



And to make the meaning of this Brahman clear:

Narashimha Upanishad 7:3

"Everything is God"

The Ashram - the place for spiritual instruction today 

Bhagavad Gita 

Of all the upanishads the Bhagavad Gita is the most famous. It sums them all up and it is also in modern times become a kind of Bible to Hinduism.

The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)

Amazon Price: $8.00 (as of 07/11/2009)Buy Now

The Penguin Classics are always excellent translations of classic texts. This text is no exception.

Anyone interested in Hindu Spirituality or even just alternative spirituality should have a copy of the Gita at home, within reach.

And if you are going to have a Bhagavad Gita - this is truly one of the best translations to have. Why settle for less?

More about Indian spirituality 

What did I miss about the Upanishads?  

DaveWalters wrote...

I did alot of studying of the Upanishads in school (majoring in Eastern Religions). It is really some dense, yet fascinating stuff. It usually gets eclipsed by the Bhagavad Gita which is also pretty amazing, but there is such a richness and variety in the Upanishads that many people overlook.

ReplyPosted June 12, 2009

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