Wolves - Anatomy behavior conservation - social life

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Wolf


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The pack, the basic unit of wolf social life, is usually a family group. It is made up of animals related to each other by blood and family ties of affection and mutual aid.

  • Wolf pups are born in northern climates as late as early June and in southern climates as early as late February
  • The average litter size is 4 to 6 cubs.
  • The cubs weigh approximately one pound at birth and cannot see or hear.
  • Fur color varies from gray, tan and brown to pure white or black.
  • Packs can have as little as 2 members or as many as 30 members. Average Pack size is 6 to 8.
  • Pack Territories vary with location. In the Alaskan or Canadian Wilderness the territory for one pack ranges from 300 to 1,000 square miles while in the continental U.S. the territory is between 25 and 150 square miles.
  • A Wolf in a hurry can go as fast as 35 miles per hour for short distances.
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  • Fact: A wolf howl can last anywhere from 3 to 11 seconds. Source: Gray Wolf, National Wildlife Federation.

    Fact: When a wolf becomes separated from his pack, it howls. The other members of his pack respond, giving him a sound to guide him home.

     

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    Wolf Info 

    • The wolf has rounded ears
    • The wolf has one of the widest ranges of size, shape and color of any mammal in North America
    • The average litter size for the wolf is 4 to 7 pups
    • Wolves have a vast communication repertoire including scent marks, vocalizations, visual displays, facial and body postures and rituals
    • In chases, the wolf can achieve estimated speeds of between 28 and 40 miles per hour for up to 20 minutes

    The Arctic Wolf 

    Canis lupus arctos

    Able to tolerate years of sub-zero temperatures, up to five months of darkness a year, and weeks without food, the arctic wolf lives in one of the few places on earth where it is safe from the greatest threat of all - man. Arctic wolves inhabit some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world. In April, the air temperature rarely rises above -22%uFFFD F. The ground is permanently frozen. The arctic wolf is one of the few mammals that can tolerate these conditions. Details of the animal's life through much of the year are virtually unknown.

    The arctic wolf is the only subspecies still found over the whole of its original range.

    A Fellow Lensmaster and Wolf Supporter 

    Wolf Gardens Wildlife Center
    To Quote
    "Michi is one of 36 wolves that are captive bred rescues who live with us.

    The sad part about captive bred wild animals is that they can very rarely be released into the wild successfully."

    Link List 

    Wolf Gifts & Collectibles


    Wolf Jewelry Wolf Necklace


    Wolves are one of the most misunderstood animals in the animal world.
    Follow the links and find out true facts about this beautiful animal.
    North American Wolf Association
    Non-profit organization focused on wolf reintroduction and preservation through education.
    Wolf Education and Research Center
    The center located in the Northern Rocky Mountains provides public education and scientific research concerning the Gray Wolf and its habitat.
    Wolf Web
    Wolf information, tales, pictures, and games.
    Canadian Centre for Wolf Research
    A non-profit organization researching social behavior of wolf packs through non-invasive methods.
    Ethiopian Wolf
    Fact sheet about the Ethiopian Wolf.
    Mexican Gray Wolf
    Fact sheet on the Mexican Gray Wolf.
    Wolf Source
    Guide to wolf biology, conservation, activism, and other resources.
    Wolf Country
    Wolf sanctuary in Ohio with information on wolf communication, pups, the pack, and why wolves are endangered.
    Wolves, Wolves, Wolves
    Provides facts about wolves, opinions about recovery and other issues, news, and photos.
    International Wolf Center
    Non-advocacy, non-profit organization in Superior National Forest, Minnesota dedicated to educating people about the wolf.
    Wolves of the World
    Social behavior, habitat, breeding, and endangerment of Gray, Red, Mexican Gray, Maned, and Arctic Wolves.
    California Wolf Center
    Conservation and education center focusing on Gray and Mexican Wolves.
    Arctic Wolves and their Prey
    Essay and photo gallery on arctic wolves and their prey by a widely recognized expert.
    The Searching Wolf
    Collection of information about the different species of wolves, including resources, pictures, news and opinion, and sounds.
    Wolves - National Wildlife Federation
    The National Wildlife Federation offers ways to help wolves through conferences, newsletters, public education and films. Read about the different species of wolves, commonly asked questions about wolves, and what you can do to help.
    World of the Wolf
    Natural history of wolves and other canids, photo galleries, fossil records, sound and video files, and links.
    Spirit of the Wolf
    Learn all about wolves, how to protect them, find out about myths, view photographs, and buy wolf items.
    Arctic Wolves (Canis lupus arctos)
    Facts about the endangered status, habitat, range, and diet of this mammal. Includes photos.
    Wolf Howl Animal Preserve
    Dedicated to the preservation of Canis Lupus and its sub-species. Includes facts about wolves and a reading list.
    UK Wolf Conservation Trust
    Non-profit organization promoting conservation and providing a natural habitat sanctuary for observation.
    Behavior and Ecology of Wolves
    Find out how these creatures communicate and defend themselves and their territories, and learn about our relationship with them.
    White Hawk Wolf
    Personal site of Tamra Brennan dedicated to the preservation of wolves. Information on wolf biology, conservation, and wolves' role in Native culture. Includes photo gallery.
    Iberian Wolf - Wolves in Spain
    Includes facts on population, distribution, habitat, diet, regional differences, and management.
    Animals and Nature: Domestic and wild animals
    Find and share videos at Animals and Nature.

    Canis lupus 

    The gray wolf, Canis lupus, lives in the northern latitudes around the world. There are five subspecies of the gray wolf in North America and seven to 12 in Eurasia. The currently recognized subspecies in North America are:

    Canis lupus baileyi, commonly referred to as the Mexican wolf or lobo.

    Canis lupus nubilus, referred to as the Great Plains or buffalo wolf.

    Canis lupus occidentalis, known as the Rocky Mountain wolf or Mackenzie Valley wolf.

    Canis lupus lycaon, commonly referred to as the eastern timber wolf.

    Canis lupus arctos, known as the arctic wolf.

    More Wolf Facts 

    • Wolves are highly intelligent animals. Studies indicate that the domestic dog's brain is 15% to 30% smaller than the wolf's.
    • Wolves once had the widest range of any mammal, inhabiting arctic tundra, plains, prairies, deserts, mountains and forests. They were found throughout Europe, Asia, Japan and all of North America except southwest California.
    • Gray wolves measure between 5 and 7.5 feet from nose to end of tail. (Red wolves are generally somewhat smaller.)
    • The bond between pack members is so close that observers have recorded that the death of one engenders an evident sense of loss among the survivors.

     

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    Canis lupus 

    "Never Cry Wolf" is on my personal top 10 books.
    Jeff

    10% off Amazon's Prices on over 900,000 Books!

    Never Cry Wolf : Amazing True Story of Life Among Arctic Wolves

    I have lost count how many times I have reread this book over the years
    "Although it reads like a novel, it is a true account of Mowat's experience. We are fortunate however that such a spirit as his shines through with such clarity in the narrative. Mowat is a writer of great power, worthy of the attention of anyone who is remotely interested in the plight of the natural world against the neverending onslaught by humanity."

    Amazon Price: $10.39 (as of 05/12/2008)

    Decade of the Wolf: Returning the Wild to Yellowstone

    Reviewer: Ralph Maughan (Pocatello, Idaho USA) - See all my reviews
    (REAL NAME)
    No one is more qualified to write about the Yellowstone wolves than the wolf project leader of the Park for the last 8 years, Dr. Douglas Smith. Gary Ferguson is a very accomplished writer about western wilderness and wildlife issues. I read almost every one of his books in one sitting.

    The book is a series of stories about individual wolves, packs, plus well known and lesser known events in the Park's wolf recovery. Chapters also explain concepts of wolf biology, and the effects wolves are having on America's first national park.

    Those people who go to Yellowstone to watch wolves or follow these events will want to snap this book up.

    Amazon Price: $18.68 (as of 05/12/2008)

    White Wolf: Living With an Arctic Legend

    Amazon Price: (as of 05/12/2008)

    In the Shadow of a Rainbow: The True Story of a Friendship Between Man and Wolf

    I have read many books, both fictional and non-fictional, about wolves. This book was truly one of the best. It was refreshing to read a story about a wolf where it did not end up dead by the end of the story yet, the story is realistic. If you love wolves, you will be amazed at the friendship that is possible between a human and a pack of wolves. I will re-read this one!

    Amazon Price: $10.17 (as of 05/12/2008)

    Look to the North: A Wolf Pup Diary

    Amazon Price: $6.99 (as of 05/12/2008)

    European Wolves 

    Few European countries still have substantial numbers of wolves.

    Roughly, about 250 wolves live in remote mountainous areas in Italy, and are officially protected. Projects which are financed by the World Wide Fund for Nature may enable small numbers of wolves to survive if farmers and herdsman can be persuaded to accept them.

    In Norway, Wolves are protected to the extent that they are illegal to kill by anyone other than farmers protecting their livestock. To prevent continuous slaughter, farmers are often compensated for livestock which is killed by the endangered wolves.

    "Grupo Lobo" was founded in Spain and Portugal in 1985 in attempt to protect the wolves in the mountains on the Spain/Portugal border. There is an extremely small number of wolves in Sweden, regardless of protective legislation. These systems are often abused. Lapp herdsman in the North of Sweden have often blamed the deaths of their reindeer on wolves rather than on poor care.

    Back from the brink 

    Today, the Rocky Mountain region stands on a wholly different threshold: On Thursday, Feb. 2, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) announced its intention to proceed with the removal of grey wolves from the endangered species list in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, as well as in the eastern third of Oregon and Washington states and a sliver of northern Utah. Wolves in the remainder of the Lower 48 would remain protected.

    Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis) 

    The Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis), once thought to be closely related to the jackal is actually more closely related to the gray wolf and coyote than any African canid. This conclusion was reached through phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequencing. It is thought that this species evolved from a gray wolf-like ancestor that crossed Eurasia to northern Africa as recently as 100,000 years ago.

    This medium sized canid has a reddish coat, distinctive white markings throughout the body and black markings on the tail, long legs and an elongated muzzle. The contrast of white markings against the red coat increases with age and social rank in both sexes. Males are significantly larger (20%) than females with an average weight of 16.2 kg (14.2 - 19.3 kg); females weigh an average of 12.8 kg (11.2 - 14.15 kg).

     

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