World War I (First World War)
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World War I (First World War)
The whole of Europe was engulfed by war: on one side, Britain, France, Russia, and their associated empires, and, later, Italy and the United States; on the other, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and their associated empires, and, later, Turkey and Bulgaria.
Huge land battles raged including those of the Marne and Ypres in France/Belgium. Naval battles included those of Heligoland, Jutland, and Zeebrugge.
The Russians sustained huge losses fighting the Germans, and this was one of the main factors that led to the Bolshevik Revolution.
The war ended when the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. The Versailles Peace Treaty was signed in January 1920.
"The War To End All Wars" (video)
Deep Scars Left by World War I
"The First World War killed fewer victims than the Second World War, destroyed fewer buildings, and uprooted millions instead of tens of millions - but in many ways it left even deeper scars both on the mind and on the map of Europe. The old world never recovered from the shock."
-- Edmond Taylor, The Fossil Monarchies
The First World War
The First World War
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In a riveting narrative that puts diaries, letters and action reports to good use, British military historian Keegan (The Face of Battle, etc.) delivers a stunningly vivid history of the Great War. He is equally at easeAand equally generous and sympatheticAprobing the hearts and minds of lowly soldiers in the trenches or examining the thoughts and motivations of leaders (such as Joffre, Haig and Hindenburg) who directed the maelstrom. In the end, Keegan leaves us with a brilliant, panoramic portrait of an epic struggle that was at once noble and futile, world-shaking and pathetic. The war was unnecessary, Keegan writes, because the train of events that led to it could have been derailed at any time, "had prudence or common goodwill found a voice." And it was tragic, consigning 10 million to their graves, destroying "the benevolent and optimistic culture" of Europe and sowing the seeds of WWII. While Niall Ferguson's The Pity of War (Forecasts, Mar. 8) offers a revisionist, economic interpretation of the causes of WWI, Keegan stands impressively mute before the unanswerable question he poses: "Why did a prosperous continent, at the height of its success as a source and agent of global wealth and power and at one of the peaks of its intellectual and cultural achievement, choose to risk all it had won for itself and all it offered to the world in the lottery of a vicious and local internecine conflict?"

Australian Gunners Walking Along Duckboards during Battle of Passchendaele (Photo: Frank Hurley)
Doomed Youth
"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?
Only the monstrous anger of the guns."
-- Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth
Latest News on World War I
Fetching RSS feed... please stand byWar graves with red poppy in the High Wood Cemetery in France (Photo: Tinelot Wittermans)
In Flanders fields the poppies blow...
"In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below."
-- John McCrae, poem In Flanders Fields (1915)
Dulce et Decorum Est
"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!... Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; But someone still was yelling out and stumbling, And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime... Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning."
-- Wilfred Owen, poem, Dulce et Decorum Est, 1917
[The poet ironically uses the Latin quotation "Dulce et decorum est (pro patria morire)" which means "It is a sweet and proper thing (to die for one's country)]
Crosses in the Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, France, War Cemetery
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