I am 41 Year old. I am M.B.A., M.Ed. I am a Punjab Govt. Secondary School Teacher. I am very spiritual. I love reading Hindu Scripture. I am disciple of Pujya Pad Sant Shri Gurudev Bapu Asaram ji. I have my own two websites First is http://www.myfullneeds.com This is an informative website giving information about earning through internet successfully. It is a good place for beginners to earn through internet. ... http://www.squidoo.com/lensmasters/myfullneeds Wed, 20 Aug 2008 22:32:04 -0600 FeedCreator 1.7.2 http://www.squidoo.com/deleteyahooemail You cant delete your yahoo answers, yahoo messenger, yahoo 360 or any other yahoo service account individually. If u wish to delete ur account, you shall hv to delete your full yahoo account.  http://help.yahoo.com/l/us/yahoo/edit/changing_users/edit-23.html   Please click the above link and then click on account deletion in the third last para of the page. A new window will open and will guide u further in solving ur problem.  Or Go to https://edit.yahoo.com/config/delete_user  and click on terminate account.  It will solve ur problem.  To sign up for a new account, Please click the link given below to fill up the sign up form and then submit it. Ur problem will be solved.  https://edit.yahoo.com/config/eval_register?.intl=us&new=1&.done=http%3A//mail.yahoo.com&.src=ym&.v=0&.u=339pt412dbl3l&partner=&.partner=&.p=&promo=&.last=   computers Mon, 21 Apr 2008 16:39:09 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/rajuvaastu Get paid for reading sms on your mobile phone. First website, Second Website, Third Website, Fourth Website, Fifth Website, Sixth Website The best opportunity for Indians to earn through internet , Get paid to read emails 3 Cents mail 5$ Sign Up bonus, 2 Cents mail 10 $Sign up bonus Email cash pro, Earn and promote your site/blog free at new ptc Paying social networking sites First Paying Social Networking Website, Second paying social networking Website Get real work at home jobs Join PTCs Adbux, Link Grand, Wordlinx, Clixsense, Advercash, Buxto, Isabel Uronline Earn 40 cents for giving referrals Earn 6 dollar welcome survey on joining this. Call and send sms to any Phone anywhere Free Download free screensavers and Wallpapers Download Weather Toolbar - Instant weather reports, forecasts, and radar images anytime for FREE! Win cash Rs.5,000. SMS BLUFF to 57333 (India Only) Free registration! Register (any name) .com website for 1 Year @ Rs.365 Only! Hurry! business Tue, 03 Jun 2008 11:49:32 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/Get-paid-to-read-emails There are many programs on the internet through which one can earn money easily. Out of these programs, one of the most famous program is getting paid for reading emails. We receive many emails daily, but do we get paid for all the emails. Hopefully, you will answer,"No". But if you join these programs you will earn money by reading emails. You will get paid for every email you read for them. Actually companies use many methods to promote their products. Paid to read email is also one of those promotional programs used by many companies. Everybody knows that spamming is an offence and thus no company can send unsolicited emails so they use such advertising websites which help them in promoting their products through through paid to read email program. This is not considered spam because the user has already given his/her consent for receiving the email at the time of signing up with the advertisig website. These advertising websites share the revenue with the users and thus pay them out of the revenue which they receive from the advertising companies. I have been successfully earning through this program. You can see the proofs of payment Here Now I shall explain about these programs. First website where you can earn is HitsForPay Here you get 10 $ Sign up Bonus and 2 Cents for reading email. The user is paid through PayPal. This website is open for international members and everyone can join here. Second website is SnapDollarsHere you get 5 $ Sign up bonus and 3 cents for reading emails. They have many other programs of earning also like one can get paid for playing games, completing offers etc. That is an additional feaure with this website. They make payment by cheque. They have good referral program also. One earn 5$ for every successful referral. Third website is EmailCashHere also you get paid for reading emails. This website is open for international members. Fourth website is RupeeMailThis website is open for the residents of India only. The user is paid in Indian rupees by cheque. You can see the proofs of payment from Indian Website Here. Fifth is Matrix Mails. This is for Internationl Members. With them you can earn from 1 cent to 4 cent per email depending upon your membership with them. They have different upgrades. It is upto you to choose anyone of them. You can earn with them through their ptc (paid to click ads) also. They pay for writing relevant articles also. The subject of the topic is chosen by the website. If I can earn successfully through these paid to read email programs. So you also can do the same. Only thing you need to do is to spend pre set time on the website where you are directed to go in the email you receive. So, happy earning to all of you through this program. And Happy Days to all of you. Thanks. business Tue, 24 Jun 2008 11:42:22 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/ielts_prepare The World Speaks IELTS IELTS is the International English Language Testing System. It measures ability to communicate in English across all four language skills - listening, reading, writing and speaking - for people who intend to study or work where English is the language of communication. 'International English Language Testing System' (IELTS, pronounced /'a%u0131jelts/) is a test of English language proficiency. It is jointly managed by University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, British Council and IDP Education Australia. Candidates may choose either the Academic Module or the General Training Module: The Academic Module is intended for those who wish to enroll in universities and other institutions of higher education. The General Training Module is intended for those planning to undertake non-academic training or to gain work experience, or for immigration purposes. IELTS is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian, Irish, New Zealand and South African academic institutions, by an increasing number of academic institutions in the USA, and by various professional organizations. It is also a requirement for migration to Australia and Canada. Since 1989, IELTS has been proven and trusted worldwide to provide a secure, global, authentic and customer-focused test which measures true to life ability to communicate in English. Close to 5,000 education institutions, faculties, government agencies and professional organisations around the world recognise IELTS scores as a trusted and valid indicator of ability to communicate in English. Over 938,000 people a year are now using IELTS to open doors throughout the English-speaking world and beyond. The test is taken every year across 120 countries, and is one of the fastest growing English language tests in the world, and sets the standard in integrity, research and innovation. When the question is English language ability - IELTS is the answer To know more, go Here The list of IELTS Test centres in India is given below India Ahmedabad British Council - Ahmedabad Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Ahmedabad IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Ahmedabad Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Amritsar British Council - Amritsar Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Amritsar IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Amritsar Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Bangalore British Council - Bangalore Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Bangalore IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Bangalore Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Baroda British Council - Baroda Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Baroda IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Baroda Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Bhopal British Council - Bhopal Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Bhubaneswar British Council - Bhubaneswar Next Test Date: 12-Jul-2008 More Information India Calicut British Council - Calicut Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Chandigarh IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Chandigarh Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Chandigarh British Council - Chandigarh Next Test Date: 21-Jun-2008 More Information India Chennai British Council - Chennai Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Chennai IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Chennai Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Coimbatore British Council - Coimbatore Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Coimbatore IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Coimbatore Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Dehradun IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Dehradun Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Gurgaon British Council - Gurgaon Next Test Date: 21-Jun-2008 More Information India Guwahati British Council - Guwahati Next Test Date: 14-Jun-2008 More Information India Hyderabad British Council - Hyderabad Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Hyderabad IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Hyderabad Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Indore British Council - Indore Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Jaipur British Council - Jaipur Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Jalandhar IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Jalandhar Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Jalandhar British Council - Jalandhar Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Jamshedpur British Council - Jamshedpur More Information India Kochi British Council - Kochi Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Kochi IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Kochi Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Kolkata British Council - Kolkata Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Kottayam British Council - Kottayam Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Kottayam IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Kottayam Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Lucknow British Council - Lucknow Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Ludhiana IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Ludhiana Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Ludhiana British Council - Ludhiana Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Madurai British Council - Madurai Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Mangalore British Council - Mangalore Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Mumbai British Council - Mumbai Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Mumbai IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Mumbai Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India New Delhi IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu North India - New Delhi Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India New Delhi British Council - New Delhi Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Patiala British Council - Patiala Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Patna British Council - Patna Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Pondicherry IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Pondicherry Next Test Date: 14-Jun-2008 More Information India Pondicherry British Council - Pondicherry Next Test Date: 14-Jun-2008 More Information India Pune IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Pune Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Pune British Council - Pune (Test Centre) Next Test Date: 03-May-2008 More Information India Raipur British Council - Raipur More Information India Rajkot IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Rajkot Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Rajkot British Council - Rajkot Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Siliguri British Council - Siliguri More Information India Surat IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Surat Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Surat British Council - Surat Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Thimphu British Council - Thimphu Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Trichur IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Trichur Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Trichur British Council - Trichur Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Trichy British Council - Trichy Next Test Date: 28-Jun-2008 More Information India Trichy IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Trichy Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Trivandrum British Council - Trivandrum Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Trivandrum IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Trivandrum Next Test Date: 10-May-2008 More Information India Vijayawada British Council - Vijayawada Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Vijayawada IDP: IELTS Australia & Planet Edu - Vijayawada Next Test Date: 22-May-2008 More Information India Vizag British Council - Vizag Next Test Date: 14-Jun-2008 More Information More test day dates can be seen here for the year 2008. Samples for the preparation of the test can be seen Here Test fees Contact your test centre for information on their terms and conditions for test fee payment and cancellation. education Thu, 24 Apr 2008 12:54:31 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/gurudev-bapu-asaramji Sant Sri Asaramji Bapu is a saint from India, endearingly called 'Bapuji' by his followers. He was born in Berani village of the Nawab district in Sindh (Un-Partitioned India) on the on the sixth day of Chaitra month (Hindu Calendar), 17 April 1941 (Gregorian calendar), as Aasumal. His father was wealthy businessman Thaumal Sirumalani and his mother was Mehngeeba. Today there are several Sri Yog Vedanta Seva Samitis (SYVSS) around the world working under the guidance of Bapuji. The main ashram is in Ahmedabad (Gujrat, India). SYVSS is involved in many social, religious and spiritual activities in India and abroad. A magazine in various different languages is also printed by the ashram called "Rishi Prasad" and a monthly newspaper called "Lok Kalyan Setu". Biography At the time of Aasumal's birth, a sage stopped at shri Thaumal's house and told him that he got a divine feeling of a saintly child being born in his family. For that special child he had brought a swing. Aasumal was the fourth child in the family. When Aasumal was three years old, kulguru (the family guru) Shri Parsuramji came to Shri Thaumalji's home. As he saw child Aasumal he said that the child is not a normal child. He said that the child Aasumal will be a great saint and will show the path of spiritualism to the people living in ignorance Biography of Pujya Sant Sri Asaramji Bapu. YVSS NJ Ashram, US. Retrieved on 2007-06-22. Since his childhood, Aasumal was very much inclined towards religious epics. Manhgeeba maa used to tell stories from Ramayana, Bhagawad Gita and other scriptures to Aasumal. That was his first introduction to the world of spirituality. He was the most favourite students in his school. Lovingly, the students and teachers used to call him "Hansmukh bhai". He always had a very sharp memory from his childhood. Due to the division India, his family moved from Sindh to Maninagar near Ahmedabad in Gujarat. Aasumal started his studies again in Maninagar. During recess time, when other children used to play, Aasumal would sit under a tree for meditation. Maa Mehgiba would put makkhan-mishree (sweetened butter) in front of Aasumal when he would be sitting for meditation with his eyes closed. She would tell Aasumal to open his eyes and see what god has sent for him. This built up his interest in Dhyaan (Meditation) and Bhajan (Prayers) and he started enjoying it. When Aasumal saw that school education is only useful for earning bread and it only fulfills the worldly enjoyment, he lost the fascination of school education. Whenever there was any time spare, he would go and meditate. At a very young age Aasumal lost his father and he had to discontinue his education and take care of the family business along with his elder brother. But Aasumal was always yearning for spiritual knowledge. His meditation grew longer and longer and provided him with many siddhis (spiritual powers) in a small age of 10 years. He went to Sidhpur for a job and came back to Maninagar after 3 years. His mother wanted to get him married now, but Aasumal was never into marriages and social life. But his family got him engaged. Aasumal kept postponing marriage for two and half years. Eventually, his family fixed a date of his marriage but he ran away from his home eight days before the day of marriage. His family started searching for him and found him in Ashok Ashram in Bharuch and took him back to home. Aasumal was married to Lakshmi Devi. He told his wife that his ultimate goal is to self realise, hence not to obstruct his way. He joined a Sanskrit school. Four days before the final exam he was influenced by a shloka which meant "The one who has disowned expectations & materialistic desires & has adopted the desireless state, the penances & worship of such a person has reached completion." His desire to attain God got intensified. He made up his mind to break from family so as to realize God. After leaving his dominions, Asumal went from place to place and at nights slept on the grass, homeless and alone. He did intense spiritual practices in deep forests, on hills, in deep caves, in various great temples. At Kedarnath, the Pujari blessed Asumal to become a millionaire, but Asumal did not appreciate this. He worshipped again & made a pledge to attain God. Sadguru Lila Shah Ji Maharaj, Gurudev of Sant Sri Asaramji BapuAsumal then went to Vrindavan, the land of Lord Krishna. Here he was inspired to goto the ashram of the Great Guru, Swami Shri Lilashahaji Maharaj. He had to wait for 40 days in the Ashram to get the glimpse of Gurudev. There he stayed and served his SadGuru with true devotion. He waged war with so many troubles. He used to take just Moong Dal as food, sleep in a small 4.5 feet room. SadGurudev made Asumal go through several hardships for another 30 days & then finally Asumal was blessed. Swami Shri Lilashahaji Maharaj asked him to go back to home & continue his spiritual practices at home. While coming back to his home, he left the train and went to Moti Koral (A place in Gujarat. His mind was attuned to only self-realization. No one can stop a man who is on his way to Paramapada (Ultimate Realization). He started doing dyaan at the bank or river Narmada. A local saint Shri Lalji Maharaj got impressed by Asumal's intense spiritual practices. Lalji Maharaj made arrangements for Asumal to stay in Datt Kutir of Ram Niwas (Lalji Maharaj's Ashram). Asumal started the 40 day Anushthan here. One day while Asumal was meditating in the bank of river Narmada, heavy rain poured. Asumal did not want to stop his meditation. He went to a nearby fisherman's hut, and there he sat in meditation, soon he merged himself in deep meditation. Sometime later, the owner of the house came outside to attend his natural call & he saw our Asumal. He suspected Asumal to be a thief and collected all the fishermen in the neighbourhood. Everybody in the near vicinity came with their weapons, sticks and swords etc. But Asumal was deeply merged in meditation. After some time he slowly opened his eyes and saw many people around him with all kinds of weapons, making noise. But who can do anything to a person who has conquered all sensory tendencies, like evil, animosity. All people that came there gazed at him in wonder and beheld him with respect. They realized that he is a great saint doing meditation. Asumal immediately left that place with heavenly dignity. All these people asked for forgiveness & looked upon him with great reverence and esteem. When Asumal's wife and mother came to know that he was staying at Moti Koral they visited him. They requested him to come back. But Asumal told them without completing the Anushthan he cannot come. He successfully completed the Anushthan. The whole village & Shri Lalji Maharaj himself came to the railway station to see them off to Ahmedabad. As soon as the train started moving from Miyagaun junction, Asumal jumped out and boarded a train towards Bombay to meet Gurudev Lila Shahji Maharaj. Asumal reached Bombay (Mumbai) and met Gurudev Lila ShahJi Maharaj. Lila ShahJi Maharaj were very happy to see his disciple's keen interest to attain the truth. Hence, on 2nd Day of Ashwin month in Samvat 2021 at 2.30pm in the afternoon Asumal was transformed into Sant Sri AsaramJi Bapu by the blessings of Sadgurudev Shri Lila ShahJi Maharaj. Asumal went into samadhi for next two and a half days. Asumal started seeing the one supreme being in all. With SadGuru's grace Asaramji discovered the absolute truth. Affinity for the world disappeared. Each moment of life was overflowing with the divine realization of existence of One in All. The stage beyond pride & material attractions was reached. The final destination where the Jiva becomes one with Parmatman was reached. The blissful state where nothing can separate one from God was finally attained. Gurudev Lila Shahji Maharaj instructed Asaram Ji to serve the humanity by staying as a householder. After Self-Realization Sant Shri Asaram Ji Bapu stayed in solitude for seven years. Pujya Shri used to stay fully immersed in the bliss of the Atman (Brahmanand Masti) & give religious discourse to all those who came for darshana (meet & see Bapuji). Pujya Shri spent His solitude in various places like Disa, Naareshwar Dhaam, the Himalayas, Mt. Abu & so on... Bapu Ji met Swami Lilashahji in Haridwar in Vikram Samvat 2028, & by the commands of SadGuru, in order to provide a good example to common householders, Bapu Ji entered the life of a householder. It was the day of Guru Punam in Vikram Samvat 2028 when Pujya Shri reached Ahmedabad after staying in solitude for seven years. Bapu Ji chose a peaceful place in the Motera village on the banks of Sabarmati river. Later on some of the devotees constructed a small room for Bapu Ji which is very well known as "Moksha Kutir". Though this place in Motera village was very unusual and a place of thieves and bootleggers, Bapu Ji lived there submerged in the joy of communion with Atman. Slowly, the number of devotees coming to Motera kept on increasing and in a very short time the place became a great spiritual centre. The Biography of Sant Sri Asaramji Bapu is available in poem form called Sri Asaramayan. See Also Sri Asaramayan - Biography of Sant Sri Asaramji Bapu in poetry External links Sant Sri Asaramji Bapu Ashram's Official Website http://www.ashram.org Sadhak Parivar's Website http://www.hariomgroup.org You can download many articles and books of Gurudev Bapu Asaram ji from Rishi Prasad Articles and from here also. people Tue, 03 Jun 2008 11:44:31 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/deletesearchhistory In internet explore, You can delete the history of search bar on ur homepage (whatever it is either Yahoo! or Google) by following this path. Tools> internet options> content> auto complete> clear forms. To stop the generation of history uncheck the box of forms. You can delete the search history on ur yahoo toolbar this way. click the arrow in the search box. Select options, click clear history.  Follow this path also. Pencil> toolbar options> uncheck the boxes of enable auto complete and enable history> ok.   To delete address bar history, follow this path. Tools> internet options> general > clear history > set the number of days to zero> ok.   http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=465  On this link you will get the information how to delete search history if you have Mozilla or Safari as your Internet browser also. To know more please visit the following links. http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/ysearch/indexing/indexing-13.html http://search.msn.com.my/docs/siteowner.aspx?t=SEARCH_WEBMASTER_REF_RemoveSite.htm http://help.yahoo.com/l/us/yahoo/toolbar/basics/toolbar-10.html You can learn about how to protect your privacy on the internet by visiting the following link http://www.amicutilities.com/privacy-guard/ If any time you feel like to recover deleted history in windows, you can learn that by visiting the following link http://www.wikihow.com/Recover-Deleted-History-in-Windows It will solve your all search related problems. computers Mon, 21 Apr 2008 10:41:52 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/dataentryjobstruth I visit many forums everyday on internet. I have experienced that these days many people on the internet are looking for data entry jobs. There are many websites on the internet also which drum to provide data entry jobs to the users. They make large claims of giving opportuinity of making big money to the users through them. The advertising jargons which they use, can entice anyone to fall prey to them. So I also became victim of one such site. I fell prey to legitonlinejobs.com I bought their VIP Membership for Fifty dollars. They provided me 417 MB data to read in the form of many eBooks. Those eBooks are gifts to the vip members. I would like to say that those eBooks store a good knowledge. And that information can be useful to anybody who is well versed in web development like web masters. I surfed their site quite well. I visited the various websites recommended by them only to find that those easy to make money jobs are not meant for Indians. Those jobs are mainly for USA, UK, Canada, Australia residents and out of these too mainly for USA residents. So I will suggest everyone to go in for data entry jobs only if they are the residents of above countries. Otherwise dont go in for data entry jobs. Many websites which were referred by legitonlinejobs.com ask for money again to use their website. So buy the plan of legitonlinejobs.com only if you are resident of the USA, UK, Australia or Canada. The eBooks which I got from them, I shall upload those eBooks on my website myfullneeds.com soon. They drum their 24 hour support also. I wrote an email to them asking for their support. But never got a reply. This clearly shows that they are mainly interested in selling their information or membership and thus they are not interested in giving real online genuine working opportunities to its users of countries other than mentioned above. Then they say that you can earn money by typing ads. For that they refer some websites. Those websites ask for money again to post ads. If you want to post some commercial advertisement, they will not allow you for free. And posting ads, you can earn money only if you get a sale over there for your product. It is not the case thay you get paid for typing ads only. The company or the website will not pay you for typing ads. They will only pay when the sale has been materialised from your referral link. Which is normally a click bank link. Then why to go in for paying to such websites for information only. When click bank is open to everyone for free. Just go there, choose your products out of which you want to make money and start posting your referral links wherever you feel it can fetch sale to you. Never buy any data entry package from any website. They will just give you the information and not the real work. So be careful always. To Indians, I shall advise not to look for data entry jobs. On the contrary if they are interested in earning through online, they earn through paid to click programs, paid to read email programs, paid to post programs, paid for searching programs. For that I shall suggest you to visit my website and explore it. You will find proofs of payment from International websites and from Indian websites as well. You can check the following blogs also. Get paid to read emails Earn through internet Get free traffic for your blog and site Happy days to all of you. business Fri, 02 May 2008 05:09:13 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/igsvisa IGS - International graduate scheme IGS allows non - EEA graduates who completed and acquired a degree, Master's degree, PhD or postgraduate diploma or certificate on or after 1st May 2007 to work in the UK for up to one year. Overview Graduates have an opportunity to continue to do so on completion of the period providing that they can satisfy relevant requirements of appropriate immigration category. The International Graduates Scheme (IGS) was launched with the aim of encouraging graduates of UK further or higher education establishments to pursue a career in the United Kingdom. Those who complete their courses on or after 1 May 2007 can apply regardless of the subject they have studied. Those who finished their courses before 1 May 2007 may still apply under the old Science and Engineering Graduate Scheme rules. IGS is a transitional route which enables students who have studied in the UK to access the labour market and gain work experience in the UK. During their leave under IGS participants can take any type of employment or self-employment. If they want to remain here beyond their leave under IGS in order to pursue their career, they can switch into various employment or self-employment categories, if they meet the relevant requirements. Note: There is a possibility to switch IGS into a Work Permit, HSMP, Sole Representative or Business visa and after 5 years you will be able to apply for Indefinite Leave To Remain in the UK which means you can live and work in the UK without any restrictions. To be granted leave under the scheme, applicants must : Have successfully completed a relevant course at a recognised or listed UK institution of Higher or Further Education on or after 1 May 2007. A relevant course is: a Bachelor's degree course; or a Master's or PhD course; or a postgraduate certificate or diploma. And must: Have completed their course in the last 12 months; Intend to work during the period of leave granted under the scheme. Be able to maintain and accommodate themselves and any dependants without recourse to public funds; Intend to leave the UK at the end of their stay (unless granted leave as a work permit holder, highly skilled migrant, business person, innovator or student). Applicants can apply for IGS before their degree certificate is issued. If they do not have a degree certificate, they can provide a letter from their institution confirming that they have completed the course at the required level. Applicants who have been sponsored by a government or international scholarship agency will need to obtain written permission from their sponsor before applying for IGS. Applicants may switch into the scheme whilst in the UK if they have valid leave as a student. This includes leave as a student, a student nurse, to re-sit an examination, or to write up a thesis. Alternatively you can apply to return to the UK from abroad under the scheme no later than one year after you complete your course (as shown by the date your relevant leave as a student expires). Entry clearance is mandatory for those returning to the UK under the scheme. What we can do for you Submitting an application to the UK immigration authorities can be a very complicated, time consuming and sometimes stressful process. There are usually extensive and detailed rules for each category and it is absolutely vital, therefore, that your application is presented with the correct supporting documents. An incorrectly presented application can either be held up by requests for further information or, at worst, even be refused. Our professional immigration advisers will be happy to assist you with your application to save you from all the hassle and stress. Our services and Fees There is number of options available to applicants who will be applying for IGS: Postal service - we will submit an application to the Home Office on your behalf by post. In this case we should normally receive a result from the Home Office within 3 months. Our fee in assisting you with postal application is £235 and Home Office fee £395. Same-day visa service - we will submit an application to the Home Office on your behalf in person. This service is often called a same day service as you will receive a result from the Home Office on the same day of our submission. This service is available for you every Friday; however other days may be possible.Our fee in assisting you with premium service is £880 and Home Office fee £595. Applying overseas - For those who wish to apply for IGS in their country of residence and wish us to represent their case in British Consulate our fee is £450 and consulate fee to British Consulate. To know more you can visit here Happy days to all of you. travel Wed, 23 Apr 2008 06:29:06 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/download_youtube_videos I have found a software on the internet which can be used for downloading youtube videos and with this you can save the videos to your pc. This will avoid the breaks in watching videos which occur at youtube due to buffering of the data. To download this video you need to have save2PC light software installed. To get this software Click Here It is very easy to use the software. You just need to insert the url into the required place on the dialogue box of the screen after opening it. After inserting the url, click on start and viola! The video starts downloading and saving to your pc hard disk also. This software downloads the video in .flv format. These files can be run in windows media player 11 and Media Player Classic version 395. Besides you can download any flv player of your choice on the internet also. I found it very interesting software so thought it to share with all of you. So what are you waiting. Go Here and download the software. Enjoy the youtube videos to the fullest and without any buffering problem. Happy days to all you. education Mon, 16 Jun 2008 10:15:18 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/free-traffic-for-site-blog There are many websites on the internet which provide free service of getting free traffic to one's site and blog. Join the following websites to get free traffic to your website or blog for free T-Ultra.com This website claims to provide one million visitors for free. Only thing you are required to do is add 10 referrals to your account minimum. Rest of the thing is taken care of by the 10 referrals. You can get more traffic also if you have more than 10 referrals. Free Viral This website has also the same plan as of t ultra Box of dollars This website has a traffic exchange. They have ptc, ptsu, ptr programs. There you need to participate in those programs to convert your earnings into traffic exchange. 25 Cents ads They have also the same plan as of box of dollars. Following websites give free traffic and earning opportunity also. The folowing websites not only provide free traffic to you but they provide earning opportunity also. Twistncash This is a ptc website. They give 100 banner impressions and 100 text impressions on sign up to free members. After that every referral you get for them fetches the same number of banner impressions and text link impressions for your website or blog. Premium members and life time members are entitled to have 250-500 banner impressions and text link impressions respectively. Here you can earn through ptc by viewing ptc ads. Hitstoyou They also provide the opportunity of earning on the upgrade of every referral. High on Hits Free members don't earn here. Only Gold members and platinum members can earn. They charge one time fee of One dollar for being a Gold member and 5 dollars for being a platinum member. A free member gets 3000 sign up credits. The have mega cash flow scheme for creating earning to the members. Best surfing website This is an auto surfing website. You can sell your 1000 credits for 1 dollars and in the multiple of that. But one thing to be sure, only silver and gold members can sell their credits. Free members cannot sell their credits. Join the above programs and see how much traffic you can pull for your website or blog. Happy days to you always. business Fri, 02 May 2008 05:08:27 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/cocacoladrink The scientists and the suits at The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) concoct the secret recipes and market the brands, but Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE) does much of the bottling and distribution of the soft drinks. The world's #1 Coke bottler, CCE accounts for 19% of worldwide sales of Coca-Cola's beverages. CCE also bottles and distributes other beverages, including Canada Dry, Dr Pepper, Nestea, bottled waters, and juices. It sells soft drinks in 46 US states, the District of Columbia, the US Virgin Islands, Canada, and six European nations, including France and the UK. The company's territories consist of more than 412 million potential customers. The Coca-Cola Company owns approximately 35% of CCE. Incorporated: 1986 SIC: 2086 Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks The largest bottling group owned by The Coca-Cola Company, Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc. produces, markets, and distributes the carbonated soft drinks of its 49 percent owner, The Coca-Cola Company. During the mid-1990s, Coca-Cola Enterprises sold beverages in 38 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Netherlands. Among the collection of bottling operations composing Coca-Cola Enterprises during the 1990s, the oldest traced its roots back to 1889, when one of the most incredible and profitable transactions in U.S. business history occurred. That year, three years after the first Coca-Cola drink mixture was concocted, two lawyers from Chattanooga, Tennessee, bought the exclusive rights to sell America's newest beverage, Coca-Cola, in bottles. For what retrospectively ranks as one of the biggest bargains in the annals of business history, the two lawyers together paid $1 for Coca-Cola's exclusive bottling rights, giving the investors what would a century later evolve into a multi-billion dollar enterprise for having paid two quarters apiece. Based on the actions the two entrepreneurs took immediately after investing their $1, they did have some idea of the fortune they had just acquired. With the help of financier John T. Lupton, the two lawyers divided the country into small territories and sold regional rights of the sale of Coca-Cola to other entrepreneurs, thus beginning the development of an intricate and massive network of Coca-Cola bottlers. The franchising of Coca-Cola bottling operations, superintended by John T. Lupton, made fortunes for many independent bottlers, most notably for Lupton himself and his heirs, as the web of bottling operations spread across the country, embracing every corner of the nation. For The Coca-Cola Company, the relationship with its bottlers was a profitable one: The company marketed its product, then sold Coca-Cola concentrate to bottlers who performed the less profitable task of sweetening and carbonating the syrup, packaging it, then distributing it to retailers. Working as such, the process of making and selling Coca-Cola grew into an enormous business, profiting The Coca-Cola Company and, to a lesser extent, the independent, regionally-based Coca-Cola bottlers. The Coca-Cola empire functioned in this manner for nearly the next century. Although The Coca-Cola Company maintained some ownership of the bottling of its product, an overwhelming majority of the bottling of Coca-Cola was performed by the independent bottlers who were first ceded bottling rights by Lupton and the two Chattanooga lawyers. In 1944, the predecessor to the Coca-Cola Enterprises company that operated during the 1990s was formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company to manage the small portion of bottling operations directly owned by its parent company. This company was deactivated in 1970, then reactivated 16 years later, in 1986, when almost coincidental developments forced The Coca-Cola Company to jump into the bottling business in an aggressive manner. The result was Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc., a nearly $3 billion bottling operation comprising a majority of the independent bottling companies that had packaged and distributed Coca-Cola in cans and bottles for more than the previous half century. Truly a modern creation despite its links to 1944 and 1899, Coca-Cola Enterprises was formed as more of solution to developments in the soft drink industry that begged a response than as a strategic maneuver effected by The Coca-Cola Company. The origins of Coca-Cola Enterprises may be traced to early 1986, when the descendants of John T. Lupton, lead by an ancestor of the same name, initiated negotiations with The Coca-Cola Company about selling their bottling operations which were the largest of the soft drink company's sundry independent bottlers. The company, headed by the latest John T. Lupton, and aptly named JTL Corporation, began negotiating with The Coca-Cola Company in January 1986 about selling its bottling operations to the diversified soft drink giant. The Coca-Cola Company at this point owned bottling operations that constituted roughly 11 percent of its domestic sales volume, to which the addition of JTL's bottling operations, located in Texas, Florida, Colorado, and Arizona, would add another 14 percent, giving the Coca-Cola Company direct control over one quarter of its domestic sales volume. JTL, with $1 billion in estimated 1985 sales, represented a significant acquisition for The Coca-Cola Company; it would bring the company's bottling ownership more in line with rival PepsiCo Inc., which had always owned a sizeable portion of its bottling operations. Negotiations between JTL and The Coca-Cola Company continued throughout January, 1986 with an agreement to merge reached before the end of the month. As negotiations to complete the merger carried into February, another large Coca-Cola bottling operation became available when Beatrice Companies, Inc., a Chicago-based food concern and owner of the second largest collection of Coca-Cola bottling operations, began looking to sell its stake in bottling Coca-Cola. Beatrice was in the process of being acquired by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company, a $6.2 billion leveraged buyout that forced Beatrice to divest a wealth of assets before mid-1987. Slated for divestiture was the company's most profitable major segment--Coca-Cola bottling facilities stretching across nine states, including one of the country's most lucrative regions, California. Faced with either letting the two largest bottling operations in the country fall into potentially hostile hands or acquiring them, The Coca-Cola Company's management opted for the latter, quickly finding themselves in the midst of purchasing two companies with combined annual revenues of more than $2 billion. The potential consolidation of these two enormous bottling organizations was reflective of an industry-wide pattern that had developed during the previous ten years, as small independent bottlers merged and became large independent bottlers, winnowing the ranks of the bottling industry to more effectively compete in the new era of the "cola wars." In 1975, there were an estimated 2,400 soft drink bottling plants in the United States; ten years later, when JTL's and Beatrice's bottling groups were up for sale, the number of plants had dropped to 1,400 and by 1990 the number whittled to 730. As The Coca-Cola Company's negotiations with JTL and Beatrice dragged on through the spring and into the summer, speculations abounded that The Coca-Cola Company would form a separate bottling entity with the two acquisitions and the bottling operations it already owned. Although purchasing JTL's and Beatrice's bottling operations would give the soft drink company more control over its bottlers than it had in the past, the addition of the two heavyweight bottlers would also give the soft drink company considerable debt. A solution to this problem would come later, but as the summer wore on, the agreement to acquire the largest of the two companies, JTL Corp., fell apart, making The Coca-Cola Company's worries about assuming debilitating debt appear moot. Some members of the Lupton family had decided in late June against selling the source of their family's fortune, wishing instead to remain independent, as they had for nearly a century. At about the same time JTL withdrew from negotiations with The Coca-Cola Company, however, an agreement between The Coca-Cola Company and Beatrice was reached, stipulating that the soft drink company would purchase Beatrice's bottling group for $1 billion. Two weeks later, the directors of JTL made an about-face, deciding again to sell their bottling operations to the Coca-Cola Company for $1.4 billion. The two transactions were completed in the fall, forming the foundation for a new prodigious force in the soft drink bottling industry, Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc., a company that would become known throughout the industry as CCE. The Coca-Cola Company borrowed $2.4 billion to buy JTL and Beatrice's bottling group, incurring enough debt to dilute its earnings. To avoid this drain on its finances, the soft drink company's management decided to sell 51 percent of CCE's ownership to the public, the largest initial stock offering in the history of the United States at that point. By doing so, the debt accumulated from its bottling acquisitions was wiped off The Coca-Cola Company's financial books, while the stock-buying public was relied upon to invest $1.5 billion to get CCE up and running. Several days after filing the prospectus for its CCE public offering, The Coca-Cola Company signed an agreement to buy Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Southern Florida with the intention of turning around and selling the bottling group to CCE. This, the soft drink company did and would continue to do, building up its control over its domestic bottlers located in regions contiguous to the bottling operations it already owned through its 49 percent stake in CCE. Donald Keough, chief operating officer of The Coca-Cola Company and CCE's chairman, superintended over this expansion of CCE's operating territory, but the bottling company was essentially stewarded during its first years by Brian Dyson, who was described by the Wall Street Journal as a "professorial Argentine who runs marathons." Dyson was selected as CCE's chief executive officer after earning much praise as the president of Coca-Cola USA, the domestic soft drink arm of The Coca-Cola Company; in that capacity, Dyson had spearheaded the soft drink company's marketing forays into the sale of diet Coke and the company's reformulated "new" Coke. In his new position, Dyson faced the formidable task of satisfying CCE's shareholders in a business essentially foreign to The Coca-Cola Company. In contrast to the company he left to lead CCE, Dyson found himself in the less profitable, more capital-intensive business of carbonating Coca-Cola concentrate, bottling it, and selling it to stores, where the contentious pricing battle between The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo reached its most palpable point. Ironically, in this battle, The Coca-Cola Company and CCE fought for divergent goals: The Coca-Cola Company was concerned primarily with the volume of concentrate it sold, which generally increased when the retail price of Coke dropped, while CCE was concerned primarily with keeping its production and distribution costs as far below the retail price of Coke as possible. Thrust into this new, somewhat alien segment of the soft drink industry, Dyson went about bottling and selling a very familiar product, increasing the scope of CCE operations throughout the late 1980s. In July 1987, CCE acquired the group of bottling companies The Coca-Cola Company had acquired in the fall of 1986, paying its 49 percent owners $173 million for bottling properties in Florida, Alabama, and Texas. Six months later, in January 1988, CCE agreed to pay $500 million to acquire additional bottlers from The Coca-Cola Company, this time for operations serving Miami, Memphis, Delaware, and Maryland. This set of acquisitions gave The Coca-Cola Company control over 45 percent of its domestic volume. Other minor acquisitions followed, including the absorption of West Georgia Coca-Cola Bottlers, Inc., Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of West Point-LaGrange, Palestine Coca-Cola Bottling Co., and Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Greenville, Inc., all purchased in 1989. As CCE entered the 1990s, it purchased another large bottler from The Coca-Cola Company, Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Arkansas, for an estimated $250 million, leading the way to an acquisition the following year that signalled significant changes at CCE. Available for acquisition was Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Chattanooga, of which The Coca-Cola Company already owned 20 percent. Johnston represented roughly 11 percent of national Coca-Cola volume, second in size only to CCE itself. Serving a population base of 27.5 million spread across 15 states, Johnston's operations would place 55 percent of total domestic Coca-Cola bottle-and-can volume under one operational and financial structure--the ever-widening corporate umbrella of CCE--but perhaps as equally beneficial for CCE was the managerial expertise the company would obtain through its purchase of Johnston. This infusion of new management was needed because CCE, in the four years since its formation, had demonstrated lackluster performance by executing its role as a Coca-Cola bottler in 26 states with disappointing results. During CCE's first four years of existence, much of Coca-Cola's domestic volume growth was derived not from CCE's bottling operations but from The Coca-Cola Company's independent franchised bottlers. Much of the blame for CCE's woes, which in addition to flat sales included low employee morale, was placed on the shoulders of the company's chief executive, Dyson. Critics charged that Dyson lacked the "street smarts" and the proper personality to deal with retailers. Whatever the cause of CCE's ails, the effect was clear: CCE needed to substantially ameliorate its performance. Johnston's president and chief operating officer, Henry Schimberg, and its 45 percent owner, Summerfield K. Johnston were perceived as the managers to effect such a turnaround. Summerfield Johnston, whose grandfather purchased the first Coca-cola bottling franchise in 1901, and Schimberg, who was slated to occupy the same positions at CCE as he did at Johnston, were respected as skilled bottling managers--something Dyson, despite his success at Coca-Cola USA, was not. Under Schimberg's stewardship, Johnston Bottling had recorded eight percent annual growth in sales volume--twice the industry rate--and nearly quintupled its operating profit during the same span that Dyson had overseen CCE's flat growth. Dyson, it readily became apparent, was on his way out, a prediction made by the business press when it was learned that Dyson was not even informed of the pending Johnston acquisition until a deal had already been struck. In December 1991, CCE acquired Johnston and with it, the talents of Schimberg, who took over the day-to-day operations of CCE. In his new post, Schimberg successfully achieved a profitable balance between the opposing goals of price and volume. Between 1991 and 1993, operating profit rose from $538 million to $804 million, while bottle-and-can case growth jumped from 0 percent to four percent. More important to CCE's shareholders, who held a 51 percent stake in the company, CCE's stock price climbed from $12.25 to $19.00 by 1994, giving both CCE shareholders and CCE management hope that the company would continue to record encouraging growth in the future. As CCE entered the mid-1990s, Schimberg's strategic maneuvers continued to work their magic. By reorganizing the company, Schimberg had laid a new foundation for its future, decentralizing CCE's management to drive decision-making down as close to the point of retail sale as possible. In this manner, with close attention paid to the point of sale, Schimberg hoped to create a legacy of success for The Coca-Cola Company's largest bottling group. Principal Subsidiaries BCI Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Los Angeles; Bottling Holdings (International) Inc.; CCT Acquisition Corporation, Inc.; The Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Memphis; Delaware Coca-Cola Bottling Company; Enterprises Consulting, Inc.; Florida Coca-Cola Bottling Company; Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group, Inc.; The Louisiana Coca-Cola Bottling Company, Ltd.; Valley Coca-Cola Bottling Company, Inc.; Vending Holding Company; The Wave Insurance Company. Happy days to all of you. food Tue, 22 Apr 2008 05:15:42 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/recipes_ebooks_free Download Recipes Ebooks for Free Soup Recipes Recipes for diabetics Summer Party Cooking Recipes Salad Recipes Sandwich Recipes More Sandwich Recipes Fish Recipes Ice Cream Recipes CrockPot Recipes 101 Recipes for the deep fryer Eggs Recipes Chocolate Recipes Chilli Recipes 300 Chicken Recipes The complete library of cooking The big book of Cookies Cheesecake Recipes Apples Recipes The appetizer collection Traditional Amish Recipes Recipes from Around the world Quick and easy cooking Happy Days and Delicious Recipes to all of you. Enjoy eating and serving to your dear ones. food Wed, 28 May 2008 12:34:02 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/greencardlotteryrequirements Green Card Lottery Instructions The Green Card Lotary happens once a year and is sponsored by the Department of State. The Lottery was created in order to provide for a new class of immigrants known as "diversity immigrants". In all, 50,000 permanent resident visas are made available to people from countries with low rates of immigration to the U.S. The diversity program makes permanent residence visas available to people who meet a set of requirements. All people who meet the requirments and correctly fill out an entry form are entered into the Green Card Lotary. The lucky winners are chosen by a computer-generated random lottery drawing. The visas, however, are distributed among six geographic regions and the largest quantity of visas goes to the regions lower rates of immigration. Please be aware that countries that have sent more than 50,000 immigrants to the United States over the past 5 years are not eligible. For example a country that sent 5,000 immigrants 2001, 10,000 immigrants in 2002, 10,000 immigrants in 2003, 15,000 immigrants in 2004 and 10,000 immigrants in 2005 would not be eligible for the 2006 Green Card Lotary. For any given year, no single country and account for more than 7% of the total visas. The Green Card Lotery Entry Form There is only one way to enter the Green Card Lotary. Applicants must submit an Electronic Diversity Visa Entry Form (EDV Entry Form), which is found only at the Official Green Card Lotary site (please be aware that you can no longer submit an entry for the 2006 Diversity Lottery). Please make sure you correctly fill out the entire form as directed. Any errors or incomplete information will result in the applicants disqualification. The following information is required: Full Name - Last/Family Name, First Name, Middle name Date of Birth - Day, Month, Year Gender - Male or Female City / Town of Birth Country of Birth - The name of the country should be that which is currently in use for the place where the applicant was born. Applicant Photograph- *See photograph guidelines. Mailing Address- Address, City/Town, District/Country/Province/State, Postal Code/Zip Code, Country Phone Number - (optional) E-Mail Address - (optional) Country of Eligibility if the Applicants Native Country is Different from Country of Birth - If the applicant is claiming nativity in a country other than his/her place of birth, this information must be indicated on the entry. Marital Status - Unmarried, Married, Divorced, Widowed, Legally Separated Number of Children that are Unmarried and Under 21 - Except children that are either U.S. legal permanent residents or American citizens. Spouse Information - Name, Date of Birth, Gender, City/Town of Birth, Country of Birth, Photograph Children Information - Name, Date of Birth, Gender, City/Town of Birth, Country of Birth, Photograph Note: Your enty must include (if applicable) the name, date and birth place of your spouse and all natural children, as well as all legally-adopted and stepchildren, who are not married and who are under the age of 21 (unless your children are already legal permanent residents or United States citizens). If you are legally divorced and the child no longer lives with you, you are still required to list your childs information. If you are no longer living with your spouse but are still legally married you must also include their information. If you have married children or children over the age of 21 please note that they do not qualify for a diversity visa. Failure to list all children will result in your disqualification for the visa. It's for real. Only certain nationals can apply though. It's also free and you can apply online during the registration period: http://www.dvlottery.state.gov You can also check there the exact requirments. Happy days to all of you. travel Tue, 22 Apr 2008 02:55:04 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/awsurveysisnotascamwebsite This is for the information of everyone that AWSurveys is not a scam website as being drummed by many. I got paid by them thrice. How a website can be labelled scam which has paid someone thrice. I am an Indian and live in India. So a website which has paid to non US, Cananda, UK or Australian members, can not be termed as scam.I give your herebelow the three proofs of payment. They paid me through paypal. You can check the date on these proofs of payment. All are different. I got first payment on August 26, 2007. I got second payment on October 21, 2007. I received third payment on June 6, 2008. Thus I have received three payments from them. I would like to add that I never violated their terms of service and their rules and regulations. So I am being paid by them. Those who call it a scam website, they must be violating the rules and regulations and terms of service. So they do not get paid. No website will make payment to anyone if the users do not adhere to their terms of service and rules and regulations. It is highly unfair and impossible also that the users keep on violating the TOS, rules and regulations and they keep on expecting the payments from the website also. So I hereby would like to remove the fears of all which is attached to AWSurveysbeing a scam website. Do not get afraid on joining AWSurveys. This is not a scam website at all. You get 6$ welcome survey from them. They pay 1.25$ per referral. The survey which they give us to participate is very easy. You just need to write 3 or 4 lines about the website which they show. You can earn more than 20 $ in less than 20 minutes on your joing on the very first day. So do not hesitate to join with AWSurveys. Join and start earning money through them right now.See the Thumbnails of Proofs of payment below. You can see its enlarged view by clicking on the image. Happy earnings to you with AWSurveysby participating in their surveys and earning 1.25$ per referral also. But make sure that their TOS and rules and regulations are not violated. Happy days to all of you. Thanks business Sat, 07 Jun 2008 03:56:38 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/advercash_ptc_is_a_scam_website_now This is for the information of everyone that Advercash ptc is a scam website now. Recently they changed their policies. Which are not suitable to most of the members. In the new policies, the owner of the website Cronus has increased the minimum payout to 15$ and decreased the worth of ptc to .001. He has increased the timer also. The users who collected 12.5$ in around one year time, how they can expect to reach the minimum payout of 15$ now. You can imagine, how much time it will take to them if they do not have referrals. He has introduced another policy that if the users remain inactive for 30 days, (previously it was 60 days) their account will be deleted. It clearly shows that he has not good intentions. Many users posted against his new policies. He deleted all those posts. The owner, the admin and the moderators of the website want to listen/read only those things which flatter them. They do not have the courage to listen/read the truth. He sold his other sister concerns like titanclicks and now he has only one intention of taking away the hard earned money of present users. So beware. It is an information for all the newbies not to join advercash. His intentions have turned bad. He is turning out to be scammer. Spread this word to all your known persons so that they are also not duped by Cronus, the owner of the website. I have experienced that whenever these ptcs change their policies, they change it for becoming scammers. You all people know the fate of clix4coins. What they did? They took away the hard earned money of users. I feel that now it is turn of Advercash taking away the hard earned money of users. So do not get duped by Cronus. Always remember this name Cronus. He may start new websites and in those websites also, he is likely to have dirty intentions. He is turning out to be a scammer now. May God save all the users of ptc sites from the scammers like Cronus. May God return the same to Cronus what he is giving to the users. Happy safe days to all of you with ptcs and May God keep your earnings secured and safe. Thanks. business Thu, 05 Jun 2008 11:31:06 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/differencebetweenloveandmarriage Love is holding hands in the street. Marriage is holding arguments in the street. Love is dinner for 2 in your favorite restaurant. Marriage is a take home packet. Love is cuddling on a sofa. Marriage is one of them sleeping on a sofa. Love is talking about having children. Marriage is talking about getting away from children. Love is going to bed early. Marriage is going to sleep early. Love is a romantic drive. Marriage is arrive on tops curvy tarmac . Love is losing your appetite. Marriage is losing your figure. Love is sweet nothing in the ear. Marriage is sweet nothing in the bank. Tv has no place in love. Marriage is a fight for remote control. Love is 1 drink and 2 straws. Marriage is "Don't you think you've had enough!". Conclusion: "Love is blind, Marriage is an eye opener!" I hope you enjoyed reading this. Happy days to all of you. Thanks arts Thu, 03 Jul 2008 13:38:57 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/fearofdogs A fear of dogs can be developed in some people. The fact that the dog is a domesticated superpredator and the increasing cases of dog attacks reported in media could be factors for developing a fear of dogs. The abnormal fear of dogs, i.e., a specific phobia related to dogs, is called cynophobia. A 1992 research of fear of dogs among children and adults [1] reported that actual dog attacks do not make any difference for a person to be fearful of dogs. On the other hand, early harmless exposure to dogs seem to hamper the conditioning which can lead to cynophobia. Small children are more susceptible to acquiring the fear of dogs simply because many things are more frightening to them, and dogs who make loud noises and abrupt moves can terrify many children. Pediatrical psychologists explain how a gradual exposure to dogs may prevent the occurrence of irrational fears of dogs while teaching the healthy awareness of potential danger from unfamiliar animals. If a person has already developed cynophobia, this may be treated by various methods common for many specific phobias. kids Mon, 21 Apr 2008 12:14:53 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/yahoo999errorsolution Perfect Solution of 999 Error at Yahoo Many of us visit various forums on the internet. But when we visit Yahoo groups or Yahoo answers, many of us would have faced this problem of getting 999 error at yahoo answers. When Yahoo does not allow us to make more posts either in Yahoo groups or Yahoo answers. To find its solution I made use of search feature and was directed to read Murray's page. He then describes its procedure that it is related to bandwidth. When bandwidth exceeds within a certain period of time, yahoo restricts us to post more messages or more answers. After following all recommedations of Murray and Yahoo as well; I could not solve the problem of Yahoo 999 error.Then there was only option left to use one's own mind and some trick to avoid getting this error. Then I thought about the problem again and noticed that Yahoo gives 999 error only when we use such links which are not of Yahoo or does not contain the word yahoo in it. Which means if we keep giving such links which carry the word yahoo in it; we do not get this error. So to avoid getting this error we should include the word yahoo in our links. But they may not solve our purpose, many of you would feel that if we include the word Yahoo in the link, it will not redirect the user where we want the user to go. So to solve this problem. We must ask a question in the yahoo answers about the subject, the link of which we wish to give there. But make sure that in the first instance don't give your link in the question. Let it be posted on the yahoo answers platform without the link.Now Yahoo lets us choose the best answer after 4 hours of asking the question. Go to your same question after 4 hours or at any of your convenient time. Give your desired link in the additional detail now and choose the best answer also simultaneously to close the question. Now you can get the permanent link of the question easily. Now post this permanent link of the question in your answers and direct the user to go to the link which has been given in the additional detail of the question. You will never get 999 error at yahoo. But it carries one problem also. Yahoo has certain community guidelines and this is against the community guidelines. So vigilant users of Yahoo answers may report abuse about that question and thus your question might be deleted by yahoo and you may get a violation notice also or Yahoo in its sole discrition may suspend your account. But until this happens, you can use the posting your answers this way without getting any 999 error. Enjoy posting at yahoo answers and Yahoo groups now without getting 999 error. Happy days to all of you. education Sat, 03 May 2008 03:07:06 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/groups..parampujyagurudevbapuasaramji Param Pujya Pratah Smaraniya Gurudev Sant Shri Asaramji Maharj This group is for the disciples and devotees of Param Pujya Pratah Smaraniya Gurudev Sant Shri Asaramji Maharj. health Mon, 21 Apr 2008 12:28:03 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/foreign_language_phrase_ebooks Download Foreign Language Phrase eBooks free. Sweedish Phrase eBook Romanian Phrase eBook Spanish Phrase eBook German Phrase eBook Italian Phrase eBook French Phrase eBook French Phrase eBook Japanese Phrase eBook education Tue, 03 Jun 2008 12:05:08 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/espresso_coffee_beverage Italian; strong black coffee made by forcing steam through finely ground coffee. A dark, strong coffee made by forcing steam (or hot water) through finely ground, Italian-roast coffee especially blended for making espresso. This form of brewing produces a thin layer of creamy, dark beige froth on the coffee's surface. Espresso is served in a tiny espresso (or demitasse) cup. An espresso doppio [DOHP-pyoh] is simply a double espresso. Espresso or caffè espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing very hot, but not boiling water under high pressure through coffee that has been ground to a consistency between extremely fine and powder. Invented by Edward Loysel de Santais in 1843, Santais' machine impressed visitors to the Paris Exposition of 1855 by producing "two thousand cups of coffee an hour". Santais' machine brewed coffee a pot at a time, however, and used steam pressure, though not to force the brewing water directly through the coffee. Instead, it raised the water to a considerable height above the coffee. From there it descended through an elaborate system of tubes to the coffee bed. The weight of the hot water, not the trapped steam, applied the brewing pressure. Espresso was developed in Milan, Italy in the early 20th century, but up until the mid-1940s it was a beverage produced solely with steam pressure. The invention of the spring piston lever machine and its subsequent commercial success changed espresso into the beverage we know today. Espresso is now produced with between 9 and 10 atmospheres or bars of pressure. The defining characteristics of espresso include a thicker consistency than drip coffee, a higher amount of dissolved solids than drip coffee per relative volume, and a serving size that is usually measured in shots, which is about 30ml (1 ounce) in size. Espresso is chemically complex and volatile, with many of its chemical components quickly degrading from oxidation or loss of temperature. Properly brewed espresso has three major parts: the heart, body, and the most distinguishing factor, the presence of crema, a reddish-brown foam that floats on the surface of the espresso. It is composed of vegetable oils, proteins and sugars. Crema has elements of both emulsion and foam colloid. As a result of the high-pressure brewing process, all of the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of coffee are concentrated. Because of its intense and high concentration of ingredients (including caffeine), espresso lends itself to mixing into other coffee based drinks, such as lattes, cappuccini, macchiati and mochas, without being diluted in the resulting drink. Contrary to popular belief in some cultures, an espresso contains less caffeine than most other typical servings of coffee. Espresso contains approximately twice the caffeine content per volume as regular brewed coffee, at approximately 40 milligrams per fluid ounce, but only about 1/3 the content per serving.[1] Brewing process A modern espresso machine. A manual espresso machinePreparation of espresso requires an espresso machine. The act of producing a shot of espresso is termed "pulling" a shot. The term derives from lever espresso machines, which require pulling down a handle attached to a spring-loaded piston, forcing hot water through the coffee at the requisite pressure. To pull a shot of espresso, a metal filter-basket is filled with 7 to 10 grams of ground coffee for a single shot or 12 to 18 grams for a double shot. The espresso is then tamped, using about 40 pounds of pressure, evenly and rotationally applied, into a firm puck of coffee. The portafilter (or group handle) holds the filter-basket and is locked under the grouphead's diffusion block. When the brew process begins, pressurized water at 90±5 °C (200±9 °F) and approximately 90 kPa (13 PSI[0.9 Bars of pressure]) is forced into the grouphead and through the ground coffee in the portafilter. Water cooler than the ideal zone causes sourness; hotter than the ideal zone causes bitterness. High-quality espresso machines control the temperature of the brew water within a few degrees of the ideal. The serving temperature of espresso is significantly lower, typically around 60-70 °C, owing to the small serving size and the cooling effects of the cup and of the pouring process. This process produces a rich, almost syrupy beverage by extracting and emulsifying the oils in the ground coffee. An ideal shot of espresso should take between 23 and 26 seconds to arrive on a professional-grade machine (optimum at 24 seconds), timed from when the coffee begins to flow from the machine(unless the machine has a "preinfusion" stage, which may add about 7 seconds to the process). Varying the fineness of the grind, the amount of pressure used to tamp the grinds, or the pump pressure itself can be used to bring the extraction time into this ideal zone. Most prefer to pull espresso shots directly right into a pre-heated demitasse or shot glass, to maintain the ideal temperature of the espresso and preserve all of its crema. Apart from the espresso made manually by a barista, espresso is also made by automatic machines in which the brewing process takes place with an espresso-brewer. Freshly brewed espresso must be served or mixed into other coffee beverages immediately, or it will begin to degrade due to cooling and oxidation. Temperature and time of consumption are important variables that must be observed to enjoy an ideal espresso; it should be consumed within 2 minutes from when it is served. While coffee brewed in a Moka may appear similar to espresso, their texture and aroma vary greatly Espresso roast A common misconception about espresso is that it is a specific bean or roast level. Any bean or roasting level can be used to produce authentic espresso. While some major North American chains push dark roasts as their espresso roasts, some of the winning blends used in the World Barista Championship have been what is classified as a medium or "City" or "Full City" roast, with little or no visible surface oil on the beans. The popularity of different levels of roast in espresso varies greatly. Espresso is typically a blend of beans roasted anywhere from very light to very dark. In Southern Italy, a darker roast is preferred but in Northern Italy, a more medium roast is the most popular type. Companies such as Starbucks and Peets have popularized darker roasts in North America and around the world, but the current trend in espresso coffee is matching the roast level to the bean type; this means that the most popular roast style is moving away from being associated with roast color, and more associated with what will produce the best flavor extraction in the cup for each region and type of bean. Baristas Main article: Barista A professional operator of an espresso machine is a "barista", the Italian word for a bartender. In Italy and other parts of Europe, the barista is considered a career position, often with skills and training passed down from generation to generation. In other parts of the world, the job of the barista has been frequently seen as an employment choice for young people, one to get them started in employment, but is not seen as a career choice. In North America and other parts of the world, the title of barista has long been in use, especially in Italian-style cafes and coffeehouses, but the use of the term gained mainstream popularly when Starbucks started to call their counter staff by this title [dubious - discuss]. Since the late 1990s, the term barista became synonymous with the person in a cafe who specialized in preparing espresso-based beverages for customers. Along with this came the term "home barista" to distinguish the home espresso enthusiast. There is a current movement both outside of Europe and even within parts of the continent to build pride and professionalism among baristas, encouraging them to consider their work as a serious craft, worthy of the respect granted to other food preparation artisans. In some ways this trend is meant to follow the traditions in places like Italy, France, and Portugal where the barista is considered a respectable career decision. In other ways, this trend is part of what is seen as the "Third Wave" in coffee, where transparency in information sharing is paramount, and the open discussion of ideas, concepts, opinions, and education are shared, even amongst competing businesses in the world of coffee and espresso.[2] The trend is part of the bigger process in specialty coffee to promote coffee as a culinary drink, not as something "regular" or average. The Barista Guild of America was founded in the United States to promote the professionalism of baristas in that country. Another means of promoting the trade are the Barista Championships. This competition starts as a series of regional events in numerous countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Italy, Great Britain, Norway, and Sweden, among others. The competition culminates in the annual World Barista Championship.[3] Responding to high turnover among coffee shop staff and a desire to reduce training costs, most commercial manufacturers are developing or improving lines of fully automatic machines, which allow a minimally-trained employee to create an espresso drink by merely pushing a button. Starbucks has been a notable adopter of these machines.[citation needed] Popularity A drive-through espresso bar near Silicon ValleyEspresso is the main type of coffee in most of southern Europe, notably Italy, France, Portugal, and Spain. It is also popular throughout much of the rest of Europe and in Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba, and urban centres in North America, Australia, and New Zealand. In Australia and New Zealand, espresso accounts for nearly all of the commercial cafe, coffeehouse and restaurant coffee business.[4] With the rise of coffee chains such as Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, Caribou Coffee, and others, espresso-based drinks rose in popularity in the 1990s in the United States, with the city of Seattle being generally viewed as the fount of the modern interest. In addition to the Italian style of coffee, these chains typically offer variations and innovations by adding syrups, whipped cream, flavour extracts, soy milk, and different spices to their drinks. Cities like San Francisco, New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago have long traditions of espresso drinking, with the North Beach area in San Francisco being perhaps the most well known. Home espresso machines have also increased in popularity with the general rise of interest in espresso, and with the Internet and its use as a tool to spread information about this beverage around the world. Today, a wide range of high-quality home espresso equipment can be found in specialist kitchen and appliance stores, online vendors, and department stores. The Internet has facilitated the spread of information about a wide range of espresso-based drinks, and can dispel (or promote) many myths on how to properly brew espresso. Etymology and usage of the term The origin of the term "espresso" is the subject of considerable debate. Although some Anglo-American dictionaries simply refer to "pressed-out," rooting in the Latin origin of the word, "espresso", as the English word "express", also carries the meanings of "just for you" and "quickly", both of which can be related to the method of espresso preparation. The Italian spelling of the word is not "expresso", though that form is accepted by some English-language dictionaries (e.g. Merriam Webster[5]). The Italian dictionary "Garzanti"[6] (a respected Italian dictionary) clearly states that the origin of the word is from the fact that is prepared on the spot: Espresso: si dice di cibo o bevanda che viene preparato al momento, su richiesta del cliente: piatto espresso; caffè espresso Espresso: said of a food or beverage which is prepared in the moment, upon request from the customer, e.g. dish espresso, caffè espresso The Italian verb "esprimere" of which "espresso" is the past participle, derived from the Latin "ex-premere" (pressed-out) does not have that meaning, Espresso in Italian is also often used with the meaning of fast; examples are "treno espresso" (express train), "espresso" is also the name of a faster delivery type mailing for letters. Considering that the espresso machine was invented by Gaggia in 1938 and became popular in Milan after WW II, esprimere is still used in Italian to mean pressed or under pressure. In India, a common misconception is that the term "expresso" [sic] refers to a brand of coffee as opposed to the method of brewing.[citation needed] This can probably be attributed to the espresso branded machines used to brew coffee at movie theater snack bars. The word took further root due to its being a way to differentiate it from the traditional drip method of brewing coffee in that country. Note that the widely used word is "expresso" as opposed to "espresso", which may itself be attributed to the quick brewing as noted in the paragraph above. In an Italian coffee bar, as in much of Europe, ordering "a coffee" (un caffè in Italian), means just ordering an espresso. In France, the term café is normally used as well, but the French café is usually dark roasted.[citation needed] Variations Alexandrino- an espresso topped with a layer of condensed milk, sometimes served with a cinammon stick for a spoon (popular in some Portuguese cafes). Affogato (It. "drowned"): Espresso served over gelato. Traditionally vanilla is used, but some coffehouses or customers use any flavor. Americano (It. "American"): Espresso and hot water, classically using equal parts each. Popular rumor purports that the Americano was invented by European baristas for American G.I.'s during World War II, because they were only familiar with drip coffee during that era. Also called a long black. Breve (It. "Short"): Espresso in half and half, in proportions equal to those of a cafè latte. Similarly, a mocha breve is espresso, chocolate, and half and half in proportions equal to those of a cafè mocha. Café Bonbon (Sp. "candy coffee"): A shot of espresso served in a small glass filled with condensed milk. The shot and the milk remain separate unless stirred, as in a black and tan. Caffè Macchiato (It. "stained"): A small amount of foam is spooned onto the espresso. The cafè macchiato is to be differentiated from the latte macchiato (described below). Café Noisette (Fr. "hazelnut coffee"): Espresso cut with warm milk, similar to a cortado. The combination of dark French roasted coffee and milk gives a nutty taste, hence the name. Caffè Tobio: Two shots of espresso with an equal amount of American Coffee. Cappuccino: Traditionally, one-third espresso, one-third steamed milk, and one-third microfoam. Often in the United States, the cappuccino is made as a cafè latte with much more foam, which is less espresso than the traditional definition would require. Sometimes topped (upon request) with a light dusting of cocoa powder. In some nations where espresso is not a common beverage (particularly in Japan) most coffee shops top cappuccinos with cinnamon or cardamom instead of cocoa. Corretto (It. "corrected"): coffee with a shot of liquor, usually grappa or brandy. "Corretto" is also the common Italian word for "spiked (with liquor)". Cortado (Sp./Port. "Cut"): Espresso "cut" with a small amount of warm milk. Cubano (Sp. "Cuban"): Sugar is added to the collection container before brewing for a sweet flavor, different than that if the sugar is added after brewing. Sugar can also be whipped into a small amount of espresso after brewing and then mixed with the rest of the shot. Doppio: (It. "Double") Double shot of espresso Espresso con Panna (It. "espresso with cream"): Espresso with whipped cream on top. Flat White: a coffee drink very popular in both Australia and New Zealand, made of one-third espresso and two-thirds steamed milk. Iced Coffee: Generally refers to coffee brewed beforehand, chilled, and served over ice. In Australia, Iced Coffee generally refers to Espresso blended into cold milk and Ice Cream, with some chains using Gelato in place of Ice Cream. John Wayne: Two portions of any flavor syrup, though commonly caramel or vanilla, two portions of half & half, and two shots of espresso. The ingredients are added slowly in this order, so that the end result is layered with three distinct flavors and temperatures, and is customarily drunk all at once. The drink is slowly becoming popular in Texas, and is also referred to as an "Undertow" or a "Teardrop". Kennedy: A cup of coffee with three shots of espresso in it. Latte (It. "milk"): This term is an abbreviation of "caffellatte" (or "caffè e latte"), coffee with milk, an espresso based drink with a volume of steamed milk, served with either a thin layer of foam or none at all, depending on the shop or customer's preference. Latte macchiato (It. "stained milk"): Essentially an inverted cafè latte, with the espresso poured on top of the milk. Starbucks has popularized the latte macchiato with their "caramel macchiato", consiting of vanilla-flavored milk with espresso and caramel drizzled over the top. Lungo (It. "long"): More water (about 1.5x volume) is let through the ground coffee, yielding a weaker taste (40 ml). Also known as an allongé in French. Mocha: Normally, a latte blended with chocolate. This is not to be confused with the region of Ethiopia or the coffee grown in that region (which is often seen as 1/2 of the blend "mocha java"). Night Rider: 1 part cocoa mix and 1 shot of espresso in a cup of American coffee. Nico: Breve with orange syrup and cinnamon. Solo: (It. "Single") Single shot of espresso Quad-shot Four shots of espresso in a small mug, bigger than a demitasse. Red eye or Black Eye: A cup of drip coffee with two shots of espresso in it. Also known as a slingblade, a depth charge, a shot in the dark, an Al Pacino, an autobahn, or a hammerhead. Ristretto (It. "Restricted") or Espresso Corto (It. "short"): with less water, yielding a stronger taste (10-20 ml). Café serré or Café court in French. food Mon, 21 Apr 2008 12:55:01 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/deviltoolsforsale one day, the devil announced that he had decided to sell his tools at a discounted price. The tools included self love egoism hatred, wrath, greed, enemity, jealousy, passion for power, etc. There was,however, one tool which appeared to be much worn out. The devil was not prepared to part with it except for an exceedingly exorbitant price. Someone asked him: "What is that?" The devil answered: "That is discouragement and depression." "Why is it priced so high?" "Because to me it has proved to be the most useful. When all other tools fail, I can, with this single tool, try open the heart of a man and do my work. If only I succeed in making a man feel discouraged, disheartened, dejected. I can make him do what I like. I have used this tool almost on every man. That is why it is so worn out.it has truly been said that the devil has two master tricks. One is to get us discouraged; then, for some time at least, we can be of no service to others and so are defeated. The other is to make us doubt, thus breaking the faith link by which we are bound together. Watch out! Do not be tricked either way!. No matter how hard you work for success, if your thought is saturated with the fear of failure, it will kill your efforts, neutralize your endeavors and make success impossible. I hope you enjoyed reading this. Happy days to all of you. arts Thu, 03 Jul 2008 13:20:53 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/greencardusa This would all depend on your current citizenship, and your family heritage. Contact your current home country's US Embassy for up-to-date advice. If you are in the UK, have a look at: http://www.usembassy.org.uk/cons_new/visa/iv/index.html There are several different ways: You usually begin by getting a visa by the USCIS in the USA, or at a USA embassy or consulate in your home country. There are many different kind of visas: employment, fiance/ee, tourist, among others (although tourist visas usually will never lead to a green card). The fastest way to a Permanent Resident alien visa (green card) is through marriage to a US citizen or through a relative, more specifically: a parent, spouse, or sibling over 21 years old who is US citizen or permanent resident alien (has a green card). Basically, there are 2 large categories, one is the employement-based immigration, which include EB1, Eb2, and EB3 categories. The other is the family-based or marriage-based immigration. For detailed of the employement-based immigration, please look at www.greencardapply.com For detailed of the family-based or marriage-based immigration, please look at www.greencardfamily.com Green Card A registration card (once green in color) carried by immigrants with permanent residence status. This is an intermediate step toward becoming a naturalized U.S. Citizen. Alien registration receipt cards, colloquially called "green cards," are issued to aliens who qualify as lawful permanent residents as proof of their status. The 2002 version of the card was actually light pink in color. Cards issued before 1976, however, were green. All older versions of the green card expired in 1996. The I-551 cards expire after ten years and need to be renewed before expiration. Permanent resident children must apply for a new card when they reach their fourteenth birthday. Expiration of the card does not affect an individual's status as a lawful permanent resident, but an expired card cannot be used to establish employment eligibility or as a visa for travel. The current card is machine readable and contains the alien's photograph, fingerprints, and signature as well as optical patterns to frustrate counterfeiting. If a resident's card is lost, mutilated, or destroyed, a replacement card may be issued. If the permanent resident is naturalized, permanently leaves the country, is deported, or dies, the card must be surrendered. To qualify for permanent resident status and receive a card, an alien must fit into one of several categories. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended, established a set of preferred immigrant categories, each limited by a numerical quota. An alien may be sponsored by certain family members in the United States. An employment-based status is granted to workers with extraordinary ability, people with advanced degrees, people whose labor is needed in the United States, religious workers, foreign employees of the government, and entrepreneurs who create employment opportunities for Americans. The so-called diversity category includes immigrants from underrepresented countries. Refugees and people granted asylum may also apply for permanent residence after one year. The card serves as a permit for employment in the United States and a visa. Permanent residents may use the card to return to the United States after a temporary absence not exceeding one year. If more than a year passes before the resident returns to the United States, the card is no longer valid as a reentry permit. If the permanent resident has been abroad for more than one year but less than two, he or she must obtain a reentry permit from the INS. If the resident is absent from the United States for longer than two years, he or she must obtain a special immigrant visa from a U.S. consulate, usually after establishing that he or she has not abandoned his or her permanent resident status. The potential use of the card to reenter the United States should not be confused with the maintenance of lawful permanent residence status. To maintain lawful permanent resident status while abroad, an alien must demonstrate the intent to remain in the United States as a permanent resident. The INS generally examines the length of and purpose for the resident's absence; whether or not the resident continues to file U.S. tax returns, maintains a U.S. address, bank account, and driver's license; the location of the resident's close family members; and the location and nature of the resident's employment. For the holder of a green card to be eligible for naturalization, he or she generally must reside in the United States continuously for five years following establishment of permanent residence. The required period is reduced to three years if the resident is the spouse of a U.S. citizen. If the resident is absent from the country for more than six months but for less than a year, the continuity of residence is broken unless the resident can supply a reasonable explanation for the absence. An absence of one year or more destroys the continuity of residence unless the resident takes appropriate steps prior to the expiration of a year. Happy days to all of you. Thanks. travel Mon, 21 Apr 2008 11:18:06 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/K-1_visa A K-1 visa is a United States nonimmigrant visa benefiting fiancés and fiancées of US citizen petitioners. The Application is made by the petitioner in the US on a USCIS form I-129F filed by mail at a USCIS Service Center. The Applicant must provide detailed information and supporting documentation to establish that both parties are legally free to marry, have met each other within the last two years, intend to marry, do not have disqualifying criminal histories (so-called crimes of moral turpitude), and proof of identity and citizenship. Recent changes to the Law also limit the number of petitions a Petitioner can make, and the Petitioner must not have a criminal history of sexual or partner abuse. Other recent changes in the Law also severely limit the role of "marriage agencies" in the introductions, and any involvement must be disclosed. If approved (six months is about normal, though this varies based on processing time, and to a degree the relevant embassy), the Application materials will all be forwarded to the National Passport Center for processing. Then the whole paper file wrapper is sent to the US embassy or consulate in the jurisdiction in which the fiancé(e) resides abroad [1]. The Embassy will contact the fiancé(e) and schedule an interview date. In the meantime, the fiancé(e) has to have a medical examination at an approved clinic, to screen for certain infectious diseases like HIV, Tuberculosis and Syphilis. The Embassy staff will question the fiancé(e) and ask for additional documents, to determine the authenticity of the relationship (amongst other things, that it is not an attempt to skirt 'the proper channels' of US immigration law), though the preliminary questioning in this regard is fairly straightforward and brief. If the interview goes well, the visa is granted immediately, but the fiancé(e)'s passport may need to be kept for a few days for processing. The fiancé(e) then has six months to enter the US, and 90 days after that to marry the Petitioner. The fiancé(e) cannot marry any other person, and must return if not married to the Petitioner. If the fiancé(e) has children, and they were properly identified in the original petition, then they will be issued K-2 visas. Such K-2 visas depend on the parent's K-1 visa. After marrying, an "Adjustment of Status" (using a USCIS form I-485[2]) must be filed that will convert the K1 fiancé(e) and K2 children status to that of "Conditional Lawful Permanent Resident Status", e.g., a green card. It can take as long as a year after the filing of a correct I-485 to be invited to a local USCIS Office for an interview of the Petitioner, K1 fiancé(e), and any K2 children. The interviewer is essentially interested in ascertaining if the marriage is legitimate, and will ask questions a genuine couple should have no issue answering, for example, "Who normally does the grocery shopping?", "What night does the garbage go out?", "When was the last time your spouse took the day off work?". If the interview goes well, the I-551 "green card" will arrive in the mail in a few weeks - although post September 11, this time has been increased due to a backlog in CIA processing of background checks. If the Petitioner or the fiancé(e) does not attend the Interview, the fiancé(e) will lose legal status and must leave the US. The Conditional Permanent Resident Card can be converted just before the two year anniversary of issuance to unconditional status by making another application and attending a second interview. Otherwise, the Conditional Permanent Resident Card will expire, and the applicant will be subject to exclusion from the United States. Again, the interviewer will be looking to see if this is a legitimate marriage, however, if the couple has split up and a history of spousal abuse can be documented to the USCIS, the fiancé(e) alone can apply for the unconditional status. In other words, the power of the Petitioner to coerce and intimidate the fiancé(e) is reduced and the fiancé(e) will be excused by the USCIS if it can be shown the separation or divorce was the fault of the Petitioner. This ties back in with not granting K1/K2 petitions to US citizens that have a history of violence or sex crimes. The foreign spouse may apply for US citizenship three years after the issuance of the Conditional Permanent Resident Card if married the whole time to the US Citizen, or otherwise five years after the issuance of the Conditional Permanent Resident Card. The foreign spouse may obtain a social security number upon arrival in the US on a K-1 visa. A document called "Advance Parole for Travel" must be applied for to travel outside the US and return whilst the adjustment of status (I-485) is pending. A work authorization card (EAD) is occasionally issued at the port of entry (although more and more rarely, but can be obtained before the green card is in hand, the usual process being to apply in concert with the Adjustment of Status document. Designed for ease of entry The K-1 visa was introduced as a bureaucracy-reducing measure for US citizens desiring to marry foreigners. It allows the fiancé(e) to enter without first obtaining the green card, which can then be obtained while in the USA. It can still be cumbersome in that the same steps must still be performed (just without such a long wait in the foreign country). The validity of the relationship/marriage is potentially subject to immigration scrutiny at several different times - including when the original application for the K-1 visa is made, at the interview at the US Consulate abroad, and then later after marriage when it is time to file for Adjustment, and once again near the end of the 2-year waiting period. It has the advantage that it allows the foreign fiancé(e) to enter the US with the intention of marrying a US citizen. Visas fall roughly into two classifications, non-immigrant (for visitors, employees, and missionaries, for example), and immigrant (permanent visas for things like the visa lottery, families intending to move permanently to the USA, business investment, and new marriage partners). The K-1 visa is in a bit of a grey area: although it is officially called a nonimmigrant visa, applicants intend to apply for immigrant status after arriving in the USA. Legal philosophy of visa A US citizen may marry any foreigner under the law of their desire, with the fewest exceptions necessary. Human rights laws, international law, and US constitutional law together create the right of a US citizen to marry a fiancé(e) of their (mutual) choosing, no matter what the citizenship (national origin, race) of the fiancé(e). The legal philosophy behind the bureaucracy (forms, interviews, and proofs) of K1 visas (along with visas for spouses and their family members) is that the government can limit human and constitutional rights only if there is a compelling state interest, or, in other words, an overriding concern that affects the rights of other citizens. And the USA has established a large list of reasons: national security, controls against "subversives", crime, etc.[citation needed] Problems with K-1 visa In a time of great controversy over foreign residents, the legal immigration process is considered slow and underfunded. A review of 1,899 K1 Visas showed that the average wait from initial filing to a Consular interview is 181 days[3], with more delays possible after the interview. However, this is considered an improvement over the old-style spousal visas. Problems using other visas to get married The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. A foreigner may enter the US on a different type of visa, and then get married. However, the laws on temporary visitation are clear that the purpose of the visit must be honest. If someone has this intention to marry a US citizen when they first enter the US as a visitor (e.g. on a tourist or student visa) and then plan to remain in the US to live and work, they can be denied admission if immigration finds out that they had concealed this intention at the time of admission. This requires the "tourist" to be quite covert about their intentions, hiding things like engagement rings, photos of the couple together, and large amounts of personal belongings that might signify an interest in moving permanently to the US. It is important for the applicant to keep a clear intention when entering the US on any visa: are they entering to work, to study, to visit as a tourist, to do missionary work, or to immigrate (which is the only status that seems to include everything). Behavior that mixes these codified intents is, at best, frowned upon by immigration, and at worst might ultimately result in denial of visa, entry, adjustment of status, and possible deportation of the foreign national, even after a couple is legally married. They must maintain good records of their relationship and eligibility and show the government no cause whatsoever to believe that the fiancé(e) is not eligible for permanent residency. Some fiancé(e)s think they might want to get married, but are not 100% certain, and need more time to get to know each other or to adjust to the new country. The fiancé(e) may qualify for a visitor visa if the intention is not to get married in the USA (but to come and go and get married in another country, to return again on an immigrant visa). However, by applying for a K-1, the foreign fiancé(e) may be much more open about their intentions since the purpose of the visa is to allow a foreign citizen to remain in the United States for 90 days to get married, with the idea of living and working legally after marriage. If the intent to marry is made clear enough, and something does happen that makes the couple decide not to marry, then the fiancé(e) may leave the country without repercussions. However, in the case that the couple marry after entry on another type of temporary visa, there are some penalties under the law. In many cases the marriage will be upheld and immigrant status granted to the foreign spouse, but sometimes the foreign spouse risks being deported. Limitations have also been put into place to discourage marriage by visitors on other visas. For example, a K1 visa may not be issued to a recent student visitor (to discourage foreigners being students merely for the purpose of meeting US spouses). Though the K1 visa may take more time in planning, it minimizes risks that wedding plans will be scuttled at the last moment by a denial of admission. A person traveling to the United States to marry a U.S. citizen with the intention of returning to his/her place of permanent residence abroad may apply for a visitor (B-2) visa, or if eligible, travel visa free under the Visa Waiver Program.[4][5] travel Mon, 21 Apr 2008 11:49:06 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/thirdworldwar Difficulty in determining a "World War" The term "World War" has only been officially used once during a conflict, and that was World War II. The first World War was known as the "Great War" rather than the "World War"; in the aftermath it was called the "World War" (although the Germans called it a Weltkrieg, or "World War", throughout). Therefore, it may take years before another major time of tension, such as the Cold War or the current War on Terror could be officially recognized as a World War III (or if both are the case, World War III and World War IV). It should also be noted that serious wars, before and after 1914 and 1918 are not included as part of World War I despite international attention, such as the Balkan wars from 1912 to 1913 and the Soviet-Polish War from 1919 to 1921. The same is the case for World War II, as previous serious conflicts in the world were occurring from 1931 to 1939 such as the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and later China, the Spanish Civil War, the German annexation of Austria (Anschluss), and the occupation of Czechoslovakia, but these events are not considered part of World War II, but only a prelude, despite the severe political instability. Therefore, determining a specific point of where a world war begins is difficult, but usually occurs when a conflict affects large areas of the world, especially through alliances. During a press conference soon after the start of the 1991 Gulf War, King Hussein of Jordan directly referred to the conflict between the United States and its coalition of allies against Iraq as "the Third World War" but there was no indication of any other world leaders accepting the definition.[citation needed] Also, the first two World Wars were characteristically total wars involving war economy, massive mobilization, food rationing and tremendous casualties on both sides. World War III might thus be expected to follow that pattern. If so, this would rule out the Cold War and the War on Terror as candidates for the "distinction". Visit Earn through internetif you wish to work from home. Happy days to all of you. Thanks. newsandpolitics Mon, 21 Apr 2008 06:20:23 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/jalandhar1 Jalandhar is located at 31.33° N 75.58° E[1]. It has an average elevation of 229 metres (751 feet). The city is located almost 375 kms from Delhi, 150 kms from Chandigarh and about 90 kms from Amritsar. Jalandhar is named after Jalandhara, a demon king who lived in water as his name suggests Jal (water) and andhar (in). It was the capital of Punjab until 1953, when it was replaced by Chandigarh. Others say Jalandhar is derived from the fact that it is located between two rivers Jal and Andhar. During British occupation it was called Jullundur travel Wed, 13 Feb 2008 08:07:52 -0600 http://www.squidoo.com/h1_bvisa The H-1B is a non-immigrant visa category in the United States under the Immigration & Nationality Act, section 101(a)(15)(H). It allows U.S. employers to seek temporary help from skilled foreigners who have the equivalent U.S. Bachelor's Degree education. H-1B employees are employed temporarily in a job category that is considered by the U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services to be a "specialty occupation." A specialty occupation is one that requires theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge along with at least a bachelor's degree or its equivalent. For example, architecture, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, social sciences, medicine and health, education, business specialties, accounting, law, theology, and the arts may be considered to be specialty occupations. The actual size of the H-1B program is difficult to gauge due to exemptions from the 65,000-person quota limit. 130,497 new H-1B visas were approved in FY 2004 and 116,927 in FY 2005. It was reduced to 65,000 beginning in 2006. This cap, however, does not apply to non-profit organizations or higher-education institutions[1]. The demand for H-1B employees is so high that American corporations have filed for H-1B applicants, six months in advance of issuing the visa in 2007. Nonetheless, previously unavailable data indicates that demand for H-1B visa was substantially higher among Indian outsourcing firms with a workforce based primary in India. 7 of the top 10, receivers of H-1B visas were Companies engaged in this practice. Among the top ten, only Microsoft, IBM, and Oracle have H-1b demand that is even remotely close to the Indian outsourcing firms.[2] USCIS has received over 130,000 applications from U.S. corporations for the 2007-2008 year quota of 65,000. Fortunately, the H-1B visa is not the only means for U.S. employers to lawfully hire skilled foreign nationals[3]The list of the top 200 receivers of H-1B visa in 2006 has recently been made available for the first time, however the number of applications that were submitted unsuccessfully for each company remains unpublished. However, data suggests that companies that engage in offshoring work to India submitted H-1B visa applications in heavy volume. For instance, it is known that Infosys and Wipro submitted approximately 20,000 applications in 2006. [4] The H-1B visa program is controversial [5] Advocates say the program (and similar ones operated by other technologically-advanced countries) helps the host country maintain its technological as well as economic superiority by providing a steady flow of highly skilled professionals who may be in short supply domestically. It also provides an incentive for companies not to move their operations abroad. Recent data suggests, that this intent is not the guaranteed outcome. The H-1B program has been criticized for displacing substantial numbers of experienced American citizen technical professionals or lowering wages enough to encourage them to abandon volatile careers in targeted fields such as computer technology. Although there are differing views on whether or not the H-1B visa is good for the U.S. economy, economist Milton Friedman has called the program a form of subsidy.[6]. Currently the number of H-1B visas issued per year is limited to 65,000 with an additional 20,000 for those with U.S. graduate degrees and no limit for universities and non-profit and government research laboratories. Other critics have argued that H-1B programs are distorting market forces within the U.S. by incentivising Indian nationals to flood U.S. graduate schools to earn Advanced degrees solely for the purpose of obtaining work visas, and at the same time de-incentivising U.S. citizens from earning technical degrees or continuing on to earn graduate degrees due to applicant pool flooding. For instance, at the undergraduate level, US-born engineering students constitute upwards of 90-95% of the student population, with a student pool that is larger than the number of foreign born nationals who apply to engineering graduate schools to earn advanced degrees. Yet, upwards of 50% of the advanced degrees conferred in technology are to foreign-born nationals.[7] Under current law, an alien can be in H-1B status for a maximum period of six years at a time. After that time an alien must remain outside the United States for one year before another H-1B petition can be approved. Certain aliens working on Defense Department projects may remain in H-1B status for 10 years. In addition, certain aliens may obtain an extension of H-1B stay beyond the 6-year maximum period, when: 365 days or more have passed since the filing of any application for Labor Certification, that is required or used by the alien to obtain status as an employment-based immigrant, or 365 days or more have passed since the filing of an employment based immigrant petition. H-1B visas are employer-specific, and aliens may only work for the petitioning U.S. Employer and only in the H-1B activities described in the petition. The petitioning U.S. employer may place the H-1B worker on the worksite of another employer if all applicable rules (e.g., Department of Labor rules) are followed. H-1B aliens may work for more than one U.S. Employer, but must have a Form I-129 petition approved by each employer. As Immigration Solutions Group reports, government filing fees will increase substantially on July 30, 2007 and may again increase dramatically if congress passes legislation seeking to increase filing fees for H-1Bs from 1,500 to $5,000 towards scholarships.[8] An alien may change H-1B employers without affecting status, but the new H-1B employer must file a new Form I-129 petition for the alien before he or she begins working for the new employer. The merger or sale of an H-1B employer's business will not affect the alien's status in many instances. However, if the change means that the alien is working in a capacity other than the specialty occupation for which they petitioned, it is a status violation. As long as the employer/employee relationship exists, an H-1B alien is still in status. An H-1B alien may work in full or part-time employment and remain in status. An H-1B alien may also be on vacation, sick/maternity/paternity leave, on strike, or otherwise inactive without affecting his or her status.[6] It was also blamed for encouraging brain drain in the source countries. H-1B holders are allowed to bring their spouses to the USA on H-4 visas at any time, however spouses are not permitted to work while under an H-4 visa. Taxation status of H-1B workers H-1B workers are legally required to pay the same taxes as any other U.S. resident, including Social Security and Medicare.[9] Almost any person who spends more than 183 days in the U.S. in a calendar year is a tax resident and is required to pay U.S. taxes on their worldwide income. (The exceptions to this rule are very few in number; they include the case of students on F-1, foreign diplomats, G-4 visa holders working for international organizations, and people who would like to leave the U.S. but are prevented from doing so by a medical problem.) From the IRS perspective, it doesn't matter if that income is paid in the U.S. or elsewhere. If an H-1B worker is given a living allowance, it is treated the same by the IRS as any other U.S. resident. However since an H-1B visa is only valid for 6 years and Social Security benefit eligibility typically requires 10 years of work, most H-1B visa holders will not be able to make use of the Social Security benefits that they are contributing to. H-1B employment According to the USCIS, "H-1B aliens may only work for the petitioning U.S. employer and only in the H-1B activities described in the petition. The petitioning U.S. employer may place the H-1B worker on the worksite of another employer if all applicable rules (e.g., Department of Labor rules) are followed. H-1B aliens may work for more than one U.S. employer, but must have a Form I-129 petition approved by each employer."[10] Enforcement of these rules depends upon the employee, however. The Department of Labor has neither the authority nor the manpower to investigate violations of these rules unless and until a complaint is made. As the rules are written, there is no requirement that an American be sought to fill a position, nor given preference in layoffs unless the company is "H-1B dependent", i.e. 15 percent or more of its global workforce consists of H-1Bs earning less than $60,000 per year, exempting those who hold masters degrees. Only about one percent of H-1B employers are deemed "H-1B dependent," and even then the employer is only required to "attest" that he was not able to find an American. (The true level of H-1B dependence is most likely higher since the current rules for measuring H-1B dependence are applied across all occupations within a company including administrative, sales, marketing, and other technical positions, rather than specifically to the technology areas within a company for which an H-1B is granted.) U.S. policy on maximum duration In theory, the maximum duration of the H-1B visa is six years (ten years for exceptional Defense Department project-related work). H-1B holders who want to continue to work in the U.S. after six years, but who have not obtained permanent residency status, must remain outside of the U.S. for one year before reapplying for another H-1B visa. There are generally two exceptions to the 6 year duration of the H-1B visa: If a visa holder has submitted an I-140 immigrant petition or a labor certification prior to his 5th year anniversary of having the H-1B visa, he is entitled to renew his H-1B visa in 1 year increments until a decision has been rendered on his application for permanent residence. If the visa holder has an approved I-140 immigrant petition, but is unable to initiate the final step of the green card process due to his priority date not being current, he may be entitled to a 3 year extension of his H-1B visa. This exception originated with the American Competitiveness in the Twenty-First Century Act of 2000.[11] H-1B and legal immigration Even though the H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa, it is one of the few visa categories recognized as dual intent, meaning an H-1B holder can have legal immigration intent (apply for and obtain the green card) while still a holder of the visa. In the past the employment-based green card process used to take only a few years, less than the duration of the H-1B visa itself. However, in recent times the legal employment-based immigration process has backlogged and retrogressed to the extent that it now takes many years for skilled professional applicants from certain countries (like India and China) to obtain their green cards. Since the duration of the H-1B visa hasn't changed, this has meant a lot more H-1B visa holders have to renew their visas in 1 year or 3 year increments to continue to be in legal status while their green card application is in process. Quotas and changes in quotas The number of new H-1Bs issued each year in the United States is subject to an annual congressionally-mandated quota. Each H-1B quota applies to a particular Financial Year which begins on October 1. Applications for the upcoming Financial Year are accepted beginning on the preceding April 1 (or the first working day after that date). Those beneficiaries not subject to the annual quota are those who currently hold H-1B status or have held H-1B status at some point in the past six years and have not been outside the United States for more than 365 consecutive days. This annual quota has had a significant impact on the high tech industry. It has generally been set at 65,000 visas per year, with some exceptions for workers at exempt organizations like universities and non-profits. In 2000, Congress permanently exempted H-1B visas going to Universities and Government Research Laboratories from the quota. During the early years of this quota in the early 1990s, this quota was rarely actually reached. By the mid-1990s, however, the quota tended to be filled each year on a first come, first served basis, resulting in new H-1Bs often being denied or delayed because the annual quota was already filled. In 1998 the quota was increased first to 115,000 and then, in 2000, to 195,000 visas per year. This increase in the quota seemed to play a role in oversaturating an already softening high-tech job market. During the years the quota was 195,000, it was never reached, and the availability of high-tech jobs in the USA plummeted as there was just too much competition for positions. In FY 2004, the quota reverted to 90,000 when the temporary increase passed by Congress in 1999 expired. Since then, the quota is again filling up rapidly every year, making H-1Bs again increasingly hard to get. More recently, the basic quota was left at 65,000 but with an additional 20,000 visas possible for foreign workers with U.S. advanced degrees. Of the 65,000 total, 6,800 are initially reserved for citizens of Chile and Singapore under free trade agreements with those countries; however, if these reserved visas are not used under the agreements, they go back to the general pool. Outside of the 65,000 quota, another 10,500 visas annually are available to Australian citizens under a similar but more flexible program, the E-3 visa program. For FY 2007, beginning on October 1, 2006, the entire quota of visas for the year was exhausted within a span of less than 2 months on May 26, 2006[12], well before the beginning of the financial year concerned. The additional 20,000 Advanced Degree H-1B visas were exhausted on July 26. For FY 2008, the entire quota was exhausted before the end of the first day on which applications were accepted, April 2[13]. Under USCIS rules, the 123,480 petitions received on April 2 and April 3 that were subject to the cap were pooled, and then 65,000 of these were selected at random for further processing[14]. The additional 20,000 Advanced Degree H-1B visas for FY 2008 was exhausted on April 30. In its annual report on H-1B visas released in November 2006, USCIS stated that it approved 131,000 H-1B visas in FY 2004 and 117,000 in FY 2005. The inflation in numbers is because H-1B visas granted to employees of not for profit organizations is not numerically capped. H-1B dependent employers Recent H-1B legislation requires certain employers, called H-1B dependent employers to advertise positions in the USA before petitioning to employ H-1B workers for those positions. For firms of 50 employees, an H-1B dependent employer is defined as having more than 15% of their employees in H-1B status. Smaller firms are allowed to have a higher percentage of H-1B employees before becoming 'dependent'.... Criticisms of the Program The H-1B program has caused a number of criticisms. One criticism of the H-1B program has been over its role in replacing U.S. workers. The first documented cases occurred in 1994 when AIG (Livington NJ) and SeaLand (Elizabeth NJ), took advantage of a loophole in the law to replace their U.S. programming staffs with H-1B workers. These companies used contract job shops to supply the H-1B replacements. The companies could claim they did not apply for H-1B visas and the job shops could claim they had not fired any U.S. workers. Thus, the employer could openly and legally replace their U.S. workforce with H-1B workers. The American Competitiveness Act of 1998 that temporarily expanded the H-1B program contained a provision to close this loophole in the version that passed the House Judiciary Committee. However, the House leadership had it removed before the bill came to a vote. Another criticism of the H-1B program is its vague eligibility requirements, however specific guidelines upheld by a body of case law define the requirements. While frequently described as a program for "highly skilled" workers, the H-1B nonimmigrant visa category specifically applies to specialty occupations. However, it might be argued that any job that requires a minimum of a bachelor's degree, is "highly skilled". Specialty occupations have been defined as positions that require theoretical or technical expertise in a specialized field and have generally been interpreted as being those that normally require the attainment of a Bachelor's degree. [15] Typical H-1B occupations include architects, engineers, computer programmers, accountants, doctors and college professors. The H-1B visa program also includes fashion models. Wage depression is a complaint critics have about the H-1B program: some studies have found that H-1B workers are paid significantly less than U.S. workers.[16] It is claimed that the H-1B program is primarily used as a source of cheap labor. However the sources of these studies are normally conducted and reported by special interest groups that oppose the H-1B program. No definitive governmental study, either by the GAO or the Congressional Research Agency has proven these statistics to be true. The Labor Condition Application (LCA) included in the H-1B petition is supposed to ensure that H-1B workers are paid the prevailing wage in the labor market, or the employer's actual average wage, whichever is higher, but some evidence exists that some employers do not abide by these provisions and therefore avoid paying the actual prevailing wage. However, studies show that the